Vegetation and floristic diversity in Gibraltar Range and part of Washpool National Parks, New South Wales

The vegetation of Gibraltar Range National Park and adjoining parts of eastern Washpool National Park, 65 km east of Glen Innes (29° 31’S 152° 18’E) on the eastern escarpment of New South Wales is described. In total 124, 20m x 50m full vascular plant floristic sites were recorded and information from an additional 53 sites was collated. Thirteen vegetation assemblages are defined based on flexible UPGMA analysis of cover-abundance scores of all vascular plant taxa. Many of the vegetation communities are typical of what is found along the north eastern escarpment of NSW. Three communities are considered to be rare and two vulnerable. A total of 878 vascular plant taxa from 138 families were recorded, of which only 21 (2%) were of introduced origin and 81 (9%) were found to be of conservation significance. Pattern diversity, species density, species accumulation and average geographic range size, along with general measures of richness and diversity, were analysed for all communities. Each of the communities described varied considerably in the diversity attributes measured. Communities with a high number of shrubs had greater constancy between sites compared to those that contained a high number of closed forest species. The community from rock outcrops had the largest average geographical range size

ActEarly: a City Collaboratory approach to early promotion of good health and wellbeing.

Economic, physical, built, cultural, learning, social and service environments have a profound effect on lifelong health. However, policy thinking about health research is dominated by the 'biomedical model' which promotes medicalisation and an emphasis on diagnosis and treatment at the expense of prevention. Prevention research has tended to focus on 'downstream' interventions that rely on individual behaviour change, frequently increasing inequalities. Preventive strategies often focus on isolated leverage points and are scattered across different settings. This paper describes a major new prevention research programme that aims to create City Collaboratory testbeds to support the identification, implementation and evaluation of upstream interventions within a whole system city setting. Prevention of physical and mental ill-health will come from the cumulative effect of multiple system-wide interventions. Rather than scatter these interventions across many settings and evaluate single outcomes, we will test their collective impact across multiple outcomes with the goal of achieving a tipping point for better health. Our focus is on early life (ActEarly) in recognition of childhood and adolescence being such critical periods for influencing lifelong health and wellbeing

Aspectos de la desaparición. Calles y subterráneos

This essay discusses issues related to disappearances in urban space, in par- ticular cases that affect streets and subways, the mismatched equivalences of lines on the surface of urban space and what lays underground. Taking as a point of departure David Pike’s concept of threshold, which is key to defining a topography of the “vertical city”, a reading of plans and literary texts and films is proposed. This will illustrate the ways in which surface and other underground spaces overlap and the many differences that exist

A Systematic Flora Survey, Floristic Classification and High-Resolution Vegetation Map of Lord Howe Island

The present study took advantage of the availability of high resolution ADS40 digital imagery to 1) systematically resample the vegetation of the Lord Howe Island Group (LHIG, excluding Ball's Pyramid); 2) conduct a numerical analysis of the floristic data; 3) map vegetation extent and the distribution of vegetation communities and 4) compare the resultant classification and mapping with those of Pickard (1983). In July 2013, a total of 86 full floristic and 105 rapid floristic sites were sampled across the island, based on a stratified random sampling design. A hierarchical agglomerative clustering strategy (Flexible UPGMA) and Bray-Curtis dissimilarity coefficient with default beta, along with nearest neighbour analysis to identify anomalous site allocations, was used to analyze the floristic data. In total 33 vegetation communities were delineated and mapped: 19 mapping units from the full floristic analysis; 7 variants identified within five of the above 19 groups; 3 mapping units from analysis of canopyonly floristic data; and 4 mapping units recognised in previous studies that are mapped but were not sampled in this survey. The resultant list of vegetation communities and non-vegetation mapping units, along with their equivalence to Pickard (1983) and DECC (2007) units, is provided. 222 plant taxa were recorded in the survey, including 47 exotic taxa. Weeds are a common component of some communities, particularly coastal strandline communities, the shrublands of the southern mountains and regenerating vegetation on landslips. The threatened plants Xylosma parvifolia, Lepidorrhachis mooreana, and Geniostoma huttonii were recorded in floristic sites. Two communities, Gnarled Mossy Cloud Forest and Lagunaria Swamp Forest are listed as Critically Endangered Ecological Communities under the NSW Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016 (BC Act). Coastal Saltmarsh, an Endangered Ecological Community listed under the BC Act, also occurs on the main island. An assessment of the conservation status of the vegetation communities recognised in the present study is provided. A number of communities warrant further consideration for listing as threatened ecological communities. Significant improvement in vegetation community attribution and spatial resolution was possible with the highresolution digital imagery, however Pickard's 1983 classification and mapping was found to be a comprehensive and accurate description of the island’s vegetation considering the imagery available at the time. This project has resulted in greatly improved accuracy of vegetation mapping linework for the LHIG. The Pickard (1983) vegetation map comprised 321 individual polygons, whereas the new map includes 1 840 polygons of sufficient accuracy to support detailed environmental planning programs, particularly within the Settlement area where spatial accuracy in the delineation of native vegetation is critical. The new vegetation communities were applied to the updated linework to complete the project. Detailed profiles were compiled of each vegetation community for which enough information was available. These profiles should prove useful in field identification of vegetation types and the assessment of their conservation status

Survey of rare mallee Eucalyptus dissita in Gibraltar Range National Park, NSW Northern Tablelands

Remote sensing of pattern, texture and colour using high resolution ADS40 aerial photograph imagery identified 30 known and potential polygons of the listed Vulnerable mallee eucalypt Eucalyptus dissita (Myrtaceae) in Gibraltar Range National Park in the NSW New England Tablelands Bioregion. Targeted field surveys confirmed Eucalyptus dissita in 14 mapped polygons, covering a mapped extent of 7.6 hectares, with an estimated population of 2400–4600 mallee/ tree stems, including two new populations in remote locations along tributaries of Dandahra Creek and proposed as newly named management sites (Dragonfly Swamp and Valley of the Mallees) under the NSW Saving our Species Program. Populations of Eucalyptus dissita were burnt in a November 2014 hazard reduction burn, and again in the extensive December 2019 wildfire. After the 2014 fire, basal resprouting was observed and minimal mortality of pre-fire plants recorded, but no seedling recruitment observed. In May 2019, 4.5 years post-fire, five of 20 tagged individuals at Surveyors Creek were forming floral buds but are likely to require another year to seed production. All of these individuals were burnt again in the December 2019 fire. Full floristic data analysis using hierarchical agglomerative clustering revealed that Eucalyptus dissita forms a quantitatively distinct vegetation assemblage that groups with the vegetation of swamps and rocky riparian areas, adjoining granite hills

Individual and Area-level Factors Contributing to the Geographic Variation in Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions in Finland : A Register-based Study

Background: Measuring primary health care (PHC) performance through hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSCs) remains controversial-recent cross-sectional research claims that its geographic variation associates more with individual socioeconomic position (SEP) and health status than PHC supply. Objectives: To clarify the usage of ACSCs as a PHC performance indicator by quantifying how disease burden, both PHC and hospital supply and spatial access contribute over time to geographic variation in Finland when individual SEP and comorbidities were adjusted for. Methods: The Finnish Care Register for Health Care provided hospitalizations for ACSCs (divided further into subgroups of acute, chronic, and vaccine-preventable causes) in 2011-2017. With 3-level nested multilevel Poisson models-individuals, PHC authorities, and hospital authorities-we estimated the proportion of the variance in ACSCs explained by selected factors at 3 time periods. Results: In age-adjusted and sex-adjusted analysis of total ACSCs the variances between hospital authorities was nearly twice that between PHC authorities. Individual SEP and comorbidities explained 19%-30% of the variance between PHC authorities and 25%-36% between hospital authorities; and area-level disease burden and arrangement and usage of hospital care a further 14%-16% and 32%-33%-evening out the unexplained variances between PHC and hospital authorities. Conclusions: Alongside individual factors, areas' disease burden and factors related to hospital care explained the excess variances in ACSCs captured by hospital authorities. Our consistent findings over time suggest that the local strain on health care and the regional arrangement of hospital services affect ACSCs-necessitating caution when comparing areas' PHC performance through ACSCs.Peer reviewe

Voix, Traces, Avènement

« Voix, traces, avènement » : ce sont les trois voies d'approche du sujet de l'écriture, notion fondamentale, complexe et ambiguë que les différentes contributions du volume discutent, illustrent, et s'efforcent de préciser. Le sujet de l'écriture – au-delà ou en deçà du Moi de celui qui dit « je » –, c'est celui qui s'investit dans un texte, se dit par son énonciation, prend forme par sa ou ses voix, se constitue par le travail des mots, trace le sillage par lequel il advient. Présence qui fait advenir le texte et qui advient par lui et en lui, le « sujet de l'écriture » se manifeste comme « voix » (« C'est une question de voix, […] comme si c'était ma voix à moi, disant des mots à moi », écrit « l'Innommable » de Beckett) ; par ses « traces » intratextuelles ; et comme « avènement » sensible d'un sujet qui s'énonce, se constitue dans l'acte même d'énoncer. C'est donc une virtualité et un procès qui ne cesse de se remettre en jeu à chaque lecture. Comme l'affirme Henri Meschonnic, « c'est par le langage qu'un sujet advient comme sujet, c'est poétiquement qu'est sujet celui par qui un autre est sujet »

The effect of financial incentives on chlamydia testing rates: evidence from a randomized experiment

Financial incentives have been used in a variety of settings to motivate behaviors that might not otherwise be undertaken. They have been highlighted as particularly useful in settings that require a single behavior, such as appointment attendance or vaccination. They also have differential effects based on socioeconomic status in some applications (e.g. smoking). To further investigate these claims, we tested the effect of providing different types of non-cash financial incentives on the return rates of chlamydia specimen samples amongst 16-24 year-olds in England. In 2011 and 2012, we ran a two-stage randomized experiment involving 2988 young people (1489 in Round 1 and 1499 in Round 2) who requested a chlamydia screening kit from Freetest.me, an online and text screening service run by Preventx Limited. Participants were randomized to control, or one of five types of financial incentives in Round 1 or one of four financial incentives in Round 2. We tested the effect of five types of incentives on specimen sample return; reward vouchers of differing values, charity donation, participation in a lottery, choices between a lottery and a voucher and including vouchers of differing values in the test kit prior to specimen return. Financial incentives of any type, did not make a significant difference in the likelihood of specimen return. The more deprived individuals were, as calculated using Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD), the less likely they were to return a sample. The extent to which incentive structures influenced sample return was not moderated by IMD score. Non-cash financial incentives for chlamydia testing do not seem to affect the specimen return rate in a chlamydia screening program where test kits are requested online, mailed to requestors and returned by mail. They also do not appear more or less effective in influencing test return depending on deprivation level

La littérature française du 20e siècle lue de l'étranger

À l'heure où l'on s'inquiète de la place de la littérature française sur la scène internationale, cet ouvrage établit l'état actuel des recherches qui lui sont consacrées dans le monde. Il présente les enseignements, travaux et publications, et met en évidence les particularités observables selon la diversité des zones géographiques, linguistiques et culturelles. Après la domination successive des écoles formalistes et structurales, puis de celles issues de la French Theory et de la déconstruction, aucune méthode ne semble aujourd'hui s'imposer, et la recherche, désormais plus syncrétique, préfère croiser des approches de nature diverse. Quelques-uns des meilleurs spécialistes mondiaux montrent ainsi quels sont, depuis le basculement d'un siècle à l'autre, les écrivains et les esthétiques les plus étudiés, les méthodes critiques privilégiées et les relations qu'elles entretiennent avec les autres disciplines de la pensée