Web Portal for Kashmir Tourism Industry:Design Guidelines

Tourism is a dynamic and competitive industry that requires the ability to constantly adapt to customers\u27 changing needs and desires, as the customer satisfaction, safety and enjoyment are particularly the focus of tourism business. Developments in search engines, carrying capacity and speed of networks have influenced travelers around the globe to use technologies for planning and experiencing their travels. Tourism uses Internet marketing and Web portals by utilizing Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and ICT enabled services in order to gather and/or disseminate information and ease online booking and reservations. In this article an attempt has been made to identify the requirements of efficient Web portal for Kashmir Tourism Industry. This article provides a complete series of design guidelines vis-Ã -vis Web Portal strategy, structure, design, architecture, level of facilitation and features, Technologies and tools and process model for its successful implementation

Ideal magnetohydrodynamic simulations of unmagnetized dense plasma jet injection into a hot strongly magnetized plasma

We present results from three-dimensional ideal magnetohydrodynamic simulations of unmagnetized dense plasma jet injection into a uniform hot strongly magnetized plasma, with the aim of providing insight into core fueling of a tokamak with parameters relevant for ITER and NSTX (National Spherical Torus Experiment). Unmagnetized dense plasma jet injection is similar to compact toroid injection but with much higher plasma density and total mass, and consequently lower required injection velocity. Mass deposition of the jet into the background appears to be facilitated via magnetic reconnection along the jet's trailing edge. The penetration depth of the plasma jet into the background plasma is mostly dependent on the jet's initial kinetic energy, and a key requirement for spatially localized mass deposition is for the jet's slowing-down time to be less than the time for the perturbed background magnetic flux to relax due to magnetic reconnection. This work suggests that more accurate treatment of reconnection is needed to fully model this problem. Parameters for unmagnetized dense plasma jet injection are identified for localized core deposition as well as edge localized mode (ELM) pacing applications in ITER and NSTX-relevant regimes.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figures and 2 tables; accepted by Nuclear Fusion (May 11, 2011

Risk factors and in-hospital outcome of acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction in young Bangladeshi adults

BackgroundSouth Asians have a higher overall incidence rate and younger age of onset for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) compared to Western populations. However, limited information is available on the association of preventable risk factors and outcomes of AMI among young individuals in Bangladesh. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors and in-hospital outcome of AMI among young (age &le;40 years) adults in Bangladesh.MethodsWe conducted a prospective observational study among consecutive 50 patients aged &le;40 years and 50 patients aged &gt;40 years with acute ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) and followed-up in-hospital at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD). Clinical characteristics, biochemical findings, diet, echocardiography and in-hospital outcomes were compared between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to assess the association between risk factors and in-hospital outcome in young patients adjusting for other confounding variables.ResultsThe mean age of the young and older patient groups was 36.5&thinsp;&plusmn;&thinsp;4.6 years and 57.0&thinsp;&plusmn;&thinsp;9.1 years respectively. Male sex (OR 3.4, 95 % CI 1.2&thinsp;&minus;&thinsp;9.75), smoking (OR 2.4, 95 % CI 1.04&thinsp;&minus;&thinsp;5,62), family history of MI (OR 2.4, 95 % CI 1.11&thinsp;&minus;&thinsp;5,54), homocysteine (OR 1.2, 95 % CI 1.08&thinsp;&minus;&thinsp;1.36), eating rice &ge;2 times daily (OR 3.5, 95 % CI 1.15&thinsp;&minus;&thinsp;10.6) and eating beef (OR 4.5, 95 % CI 1.83&thinsp;&minus;&thinsp;11.3) were significantly associated with the risk of AMI in the young group compared to older group. In multivariate analysis, older patients had significantly greater chance of developing heart failure (OR 7.5, 95 % CI 1.51 to 37.31), re-infarction (OR 7.0, 95 % CI 1.08&thinsp;&minus;&thinsp;45.72), arrhythmia (OR 15.3, 95 % CI 2.69&thinsp;&minus;&thinsp;87.77) and cardiogenic shock (OR 69.0, 95 % CI 5.81&thinsp;&minus;&thinsp;85.52) than the younger group.ConclusionYounger AMI patients have a different risk profile and better in-hospital outcomes compared to the older patients. Control of preventable risk factors such as smoking, unhealthy diet, obesity and dyslipidemia should be reinforced at an early age in Bangladesh.<br /

An introduction to Islamic economics dan finance

xix, 513 p. ; 23 cm

Biological Evaluation of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Chaetomium cupreum against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Cells in Swiss Albino Mice

Background Chaetomium genus is a natural source of different types of secondary metabolites or pigments. These secondary metabolites display a broad spectrum of biological properties including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activity. Objective The objective of the study was to evaluate the anticancer activity of ethyl acetate extract of Chaetomium cupreum against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells in Swiss albino mice. Materials and methods Methods involved are evaluation of acute toxicity study, tumor induction using EAC cells, estimation of various hematobiochemical parameters, and evaluation of antioxidant enzymes and markers of oxidative stress. Results The ethyl acetate extract of C. cupreum-treated EAC-bearing mice at the concentration of 200 mg/kg body weight (bwt) reduced ascitic fluid volume (1.65±0.70 ml) and ascitic fluid weight (1.32±0.69 g) as compared with ascitic fluid volume (4.79±0.52 ml) and ascitic fluid weight (3.93±0.57 g) in EAC control group. Similarly, the cell apoptosis was higher in EAC-bearing mice treated with standard 5-fluorouracil at 50 mg/kg bwt (96.04%) as compared with treatment with ethyl acetate extract at 50 mg/kg bwt (21.92%) followed by 100 mg/kg bwt (36.63%) and increased further at 200 mg/kg bwt (47.48%) in treated groups. In hematological estimation, the EAC-bearing mice treated with ethyl acetate extract at 200 mg/kg bwt showed increased red blood cell count (3.78±0.07×106/μl) and hemoglobin content (6.02±01 g/dl) and decreased white blood cells count (5.45±0.01×103/μl). In biochemical estimation, ethyl acetate extract treatment in EAC-bearing mice at 200 mg/kg bwt decreased aspartate aminotransferase activity (64.10±0.07 U/l), alanine aminotransferase (55.71±0.65 U/l), alkaline phosphatase (107.04±0.02 U/l), cholesterol (124.38±0.04 mg/dl), and triglycerides (155.38±0.04 mg/dl). Similarly, in enzymatic antioxidants and oxidative stress, the ethyl acetate extract-treated EAC-bearing mice at 200 mg/kg bwt increased superoxide dismutase (27.10±0.03 U/mg protein), catalase (20.20±0.02 U/mg protein), and reduced glutathione (24.04±0.03 U/mg protein), whereas decreased glutathione peroxidase (38.04±0.07 U/g hemoglobin) and malondialdehyde content (170.50±0.06 nmol/mg protein) significantly. Conclusion The results of the present finding showed that ethyl acetate extract of C. cupreum possesses significant anticancer potential

Impact of the first surge of the COVID‐19 pandemic on a tertiary referral centre for kidney cancer

OBJECTIVES: To analyse the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on a centralised specialist kidney cancer care pathway. MATERIALS & METHODS: Retrospective analysis of patient and pathway characteristics including prioritisation strategies at the Specialist Centre for Kidney Cancer (SCKC) located at the Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust (RFH) before and during the surge of COVID-19. RESULTS: On March 18, 2020 all elective surgery was halted at RFH to redeploy resources and staff for the COVID-19 surge. Prioritising of patients according to European Association of Urology guidance was introduced. Clinics and the specialist multidisciplinary team meetings (SMDT) were maintained with physical distancing, kidney surgery moved to a COVID-protected site and infection prevention measurements were enforced. During the 7 weeks of lockdown (March 23 to May 10, 2020), 234 cases were discussed at the SMDT, 53% compared to 446 in the 7 weeks pre-lockdown. The reduction in referral was more pronounced for small and asymptomatic renal masses. Of 62 low priority cancer patients, 27 (43.5%) were deferred. Only 1 (4%) COVID-19 infection occurred postoperatively followed by full recovery. No increase in clinical or pathological upstaging could be detected in patients who underwent deferred surgery compared to pre-COVID practice. CONCLUSION: The first surge of the COVID-19 pandemic severely impacted diagnosis, referral and treatment of kidney cancer at a tertiary referral centre. With a policy of prioritisation and COVID-protected pathways, capacity for time-sensitive oncological interventions was maintained and no immediate clinical harm was observed