Perspectives on the surgical intervention of venous injuries: In-depth analysis

Background. The surgical treatment of venous injuries is examined in this work, with particular attention to the brachial vein and its prevalence, methods, and results. Purposes. It assesses surgical techniques, issues that arise after surgery, and the significance of developments in venous repair. In these complicated instances, the research aids in better decision-making and patient care. Methods. A study at the Advanced Vascular Institute and Al-Hashed military hospitals between 2017 and 2018 involved 150 patients with acute venous injuries, predominantly males aged 3-65 years. The study observed a change in the causes of venous injury, with a rise in cases of blunt trauma, particularly in metropolitan areas, but penetrating trauma remains the most common cause. Diagnosis is mainly reached clinically by looking for signs and symptoms, and surgical plans can be made without the Doppler study, which is now available in all casualty wards. Results. To treat hypovolemia and shock, two bilateral wide-bore cannulas with rapid cross-matched blood (rapid method) and ringers or normal saline fluid. The most common injury was to the brachial vein, which was repaired primarily by ligation and, after that, by various techniques, including venography. Follow-ups were difficult for those from other governments, especially our soldier's surgery done at Al-Hashed hospitals, where we advised them to consult vascular surgeons near their residences. Ten individuals had their venous ligation and fasciotomy complications—often accompanied by concomitant artery trauma—required an amputation. Conclusions. The use of fasciotomies varied and did not significantly correlate with the kind of operation. Doppler study checked the patency of the repaired veins, and the follow-up revealed no signs of thrombotic problems. Four patients, all in critical hemodynamic conditions with significant arterial and venous injuries, died during surgery from irreversible shock, accounting for the study's 2.7% fatality rate

Enhancement of Wear and Corrosion Resistance of Beta Titanium Alloy by Laser Technology

The relatively high elastic modulus coupled with the presence of toxic vanadium (V) in Ti6Al4V alloy has long been a concern in orthopaedic applications. To solve the problem, a variety of non-toxic and low modulus beta-titanium (beta-Ti) alloys have been developed. Among the beta-Ti alloy family, the quaternary Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta (TZNT) alloys have received the highest attention as a promising replacement for Ti6Al4V due to their lower elastic modulus and outstanding long term stability against corrosion in biological environments. However, the inferior wear resistance of TNZT is still a problem that must be resolved before commercialising in the orthopaedic market. In this work, a newly-developed laser surface treatment technique was employed to improve the surface properties of Ti-35.3Nb-7.3Zr-5.7Ta alloy. The surface microstructure and composition of the laser-treated TNZT surface were examined by grazing incidence x-ray diffraction (GI-XRD) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The wear and corrosion resistance were evaluated by pin-on-plate sliding test and anodic polarisation test in Hanks’ solution. The experimental results were compared with the untreated (or base) TNZT material. The research findings showed that the laser surface treatment technique reported in this work can effectively improve the wear and corrosion resistance of TNZT. The enhancement of such surface properties was due to the formation of a smooth and hard layer on the substrate surface. The laser-formed layer was metallurgically bonded to the substrate, and had no concern of coating delamination or peel-off.Acknowledgments The work described in this paper was supported by research grants from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University (G-YK36 and G-YM75), Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China, and the Queen’s University Belfast (Start-up Research Fund: D8201MAS), United Kingdom

Fatigue life prediction of textile/woven hybrid composites

The topic of fatigue and life prediction of hybrid composite structures is normally complicated and still limited. The aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of the fatigue life prediction for individual and hybrid woven fiber composite materials and highlights the most effective factors on their fatigue strength by recalling the previous methods, the main reasons for the accelerating popularity of composites in weight critical applications, describing the current status, and attempting to draw recommendations for future research

Synthesis and HDAC1 inhibitory activity of a novel series of coumarin-based amide derivatives for treatment of cancer

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