Physical and mechanical properties of porous asphalt incorporating bamboo fiber

Porous Asphalt (PA) is a highly permeable asphalt surface used to create and maintain permeable pavements for storm water management and runoff reduction. Under the impacts of repetitive vehicle loads, warm weather, and heavily rainfall, the structure was vulnerable to deterioration from cracking, rutting, stripping, and quick aging. This research aims to investigate the role of bamboo fiber in improving the physical, mechanical and morphological properties and overcome the issue related to porous asphalt (PA). PA specimens containing different percentages of bamboo fiber were examined to see which samples offered the greatest performance according to the requirements. In this research three physical performance test which is (binder draindown, permeability and cantabro test) and three mechanical performance test (marshall stability, resilient modulus and indirect tensile strength test) was conducted to justify the study objective. This research used two types of aggregate Grade A and B with four different percentage of bamboo fiber (0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%) and also a sample without bamboo fiber (0%) as the controlled sample. In this research 120 PA samples where 96 fiber modified PA and 24 control PA samples were used. The total aggregate weight was 1100 g for each sample, and the average thickness of each sample between 66 mm to 70 mm. In this research, four different percentages of bamboo fiber were mixed with PEN 60/70 bituminous binder. Binder drain-down test is conducted in a wire mesh placed inside the tray. The result indicated that 0% and 0.5% had the highest drain-down percentages and 0.2% had the lowest drain-down percentage. A lesser percentage of bamboo fiber is suitable for PA. Sample 0.2% modified PA grade B had the highest (1.41m/s) permeability coefficient value. This outcome supports the modified bamboo fiber greater PA value. According to the theory, all bamboo modified PA samples (0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, and 0.5%) had a significant outcome in comparison to the other physical performance tests. The control sample was the exception. Meanwhile, the marshall stability test bamboo modified 0.4% PA sample achieved a maximum stability average value of 9.842 kN for grade A and 9.391 kN for grade B, compared to the control 0% PA sample stability value of 5.892 kN and 8.545 kN. Every three-pulse repetitive period for both temperature (250℃ and 400℃) and grade (A and B) 0.3% obtained the ideal resilient modulus average value (3156 MPa and 2266 MPa). However, indirect tensile strength gains the greatest value at 0.3% bamboo modified PA, 1.087 kPa for grade A and 0.4% bamboo modified PA, 0.961 kPa for grade B. As a result, when bamboo fiber was combined with PA, all mechanical properties tests showed a significant value increase. Based on SEM images, the control sample showed more cracks in the contrast bamboo modified PA. On every occasion, a Silicon (Si) chemical component is found in both control and bamboo modified PA EDX images. From the findings, it can be concluded that proper concentration and exact subsistence of bamboo fiber can enhance PA physical and mechanical properties. For future research, it is suggested that the influence of various bamboo fibre lengths on porous asphalt performance is investigated, as well as the development of an acceptable design technique for PA mixtures that would provide PA with quality service history

Rheological and mechanical properties of hot mix asphalt incorporating polypropylene and polyethylene fibers

Polymer-modified binders in hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures have become more widely used in recent years. To prevent fatigue, rutting and various distresses, different types of polymer modifiers have been utilized. This study investigates modifying asphalt mixture in dense asphalt mixture with polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) fibers. The performance test includes softening point, penetration test as physical properties, and dynamic creep test for mechanical behavior of modified asphalt mixtures incorporating PP, PE, and unmodified asphalt. The PP and PE fiber dosage adopted for this study was 0.5% - 2.5% by weight of the asphalt. The results of the study are that the effect of polypropylene and polyethylene fibers on asphalt mixture behavior is sensibly good from considering rheological and mechanical properties. In the physical property test, it was found that PE-modified asphalt offers a better blend in comparison to PP-modified asphalt. In the dynamic creep test, for 2% of PP and 1.5% of PE modified asphalt showed the highest resistance and lowest strain value than unmodified asphalt mixtures

The modification of fiber-containing porous asphalt with various additives : A review

The use of porous asphalt pavement has increased in recent years compared to conventional asphalt pavement. In this regard, pedestrian walkways and parking lots often make use of porous asphalt. These kinds of additives should be used in porous asphalt pavement because they enhance the pavements serviceability and mechanical performance. These types of pavement are used in various types of fiber and additives to improve the porous asphalt pavements physical characteristics and decrease the air void in the asphalt mixture. Incorporating different types of fibers with various types of additives should increase the overall performance of porous asphalt pavement though fiber has a significant impact over the additives on pavement structure. However, some additives increase the mechanical properties of porous asphalt. Pavement design mechanism and size of aggregate is a valuable component of serviceability of porous asphalt pavement. Consider all this factor it is easily determines the strength and durability of porous asphalt pavement in the context of physical and mechanical performences. This review focus on the overall performances of porous asphalt incorporating fiber with various types of additive

Microstructure analysis of porous asphalt incorporating kenaf fiber in the pavement

Hot mix asphalt (HMA) is the most of the popular pavement in Malaysia and most economical materials available. Besides that, this pavement type also very suitable with this country climate but HMA need frequency rehabilitation and maintenance due the damages caused by traffic load. In ways to minimize the damage and increase the services life of pavement, modification of asphalt binder is one of the approaches to improve pavement performance and services life. HMA can be modified with many types of fibre including natural fibre. This study utilises the usage of natural fibre as modifier of porous asphalt. The performance of modified porous asphalt is assessed by microstructure analysis. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR), Powder X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), and Permanence Deformation Resistance are some of the laboratory results that have been used. The characteristics of PA modification with 0.3% kenaf fibre are demonstrated in this research. In the interior structure of PA, kenaf fiber diffuses effectively. C and Ca elements contributed the most in the experiment, as did the element and chemical content of PA modified with kenaf fiber. In comparison to the control specimen, changed PA has more persistent deformation and PA with 0.6% kenaf fiber had the greatest resilient modulus value. From the results, it displays that the addition of natural fibre is able to enhance the performance of porous asphalt. This study also promotes the sustainable building materials especially in pavement construction

GreenPave

There is no substitute for sustainable and environment friendly roads for globalization and urban development. The prevention of asphalt pavement distresses, various researchers have numerous findings. Kenaf Fiber is mainly use to increase the tensile strength of pavement composite. The fiber asphalt mixture has better resistance cracking degradation under loading. According the definition of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), sustainable development should meet three requirements: meeting performance standards, utilizing resource effectively and preserving the ecosystem. Kenaf fiber is ecofriendly and sustainable material

Assessing surface defects of flexible pavement at parking lot due to undesirable commercial activities

Flexible pavement can be considered as the main mode of transportation nowadays as it is most reliable and have more users per day. As the pavement technologies developed over time, they manage to build pavement which is durable and economic. Even so, surface distresses can occur if the pavement was constructed poorly and also does not have regular maintenance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the surface deformation at the parking lot with the undesired utilities of commercial vehicles by using visual observation and also image analysis software. From this study, four different locations which are two from inside institutional parking lot area and other two locations from outside institutional area. The two location that we choose must be a location with business activities and location without business activities as a comparison of the severity of the pavement. Pavement severity distresses analysis usually done on a highway as it has more traffic load and also the vehicles have higher speed. From the results, it clearly shown the existence of all four types of surface defects. It is also usually done using manual method which are using special ruler and visual observation. Thus, it is dangerous as the data must be read on site and also it needed more workers for the observation. For our approach, we take the data on site and use visual analysis software to get the data which is much safer

Mechanical Performance of Two Different Gradations of Porous Asphalt Mixtures Incorporating Bamboo Fiber

Porous asphalt (PA) is used to control the effects of storm water and reduce runoff. However, due to high air void content, it decreases the volumetric properties and tensile strength of PA. Thus, this study aims to investigate the inclusion of bamboo fiber enhances the volumetric properties of PA and contributes to the resolution of the low tensile strength problem. Stability, flow, density, and stiffness are some variables considered. Other considerations include the use of a void filled with bitumen (VFB) with two separate gradations of polyacrylonitrile (PA) and four different percentages of bamboo fiber (0.2 percent, 0.3 percent, 0.4 percent, and 0.5 percent). In addition, the permeability, binder drain-down, and Cantabro loss tests are used to analyze the modified PA's physical qualities. According to the findings, including bamboo could contribute considerably to improving the inner structure of PA for both grades. Besides, additional bamboo fiber significantly reduces the abrasion value by 80%, whereas the binder drain down improved the volumetric properties and preserved the permeability characteristics of PA. Therefore, it can be concluded that the existence of bamboo PA can significantly improved the mechanical performance of PA

Evaluation of Flexible Pavement Distresses due to Undesirable Commercial Vehicles Activity

A study was carried out to evaluate the flexible pavement distresses for cracking and potholes in the parking area with and without commercial activity. Infrastructures such as parking areas are commonly used for another activity rather than for car park only. For example, fresh market, ceremony, and concert. This Study focusing on open space parking area as the gaps between other researchers that studied on highways or road network. The chosen of site location were divide into two categories which are urban area, Kuantan city and the educational area, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang. The aim is to study the severity level of distresses appeared on parking area. Therefore, the main objective is determining the most severe area of distresses by visual observation and performing the image software analysis to analyze the severity level of distresses with the guideline in collecting data based on national guidelines, published by the Public Works Department. Besides, performing Image Interpretation Group (IIG) as the method to classified the severity level by using Gwyddion Software. The data shows, 5 sample distresses for potholes were founded and 7 sample for cracking was collected at each site area. For the conclusion, parking area with commercial activity at urban area recorded the high number distresses and classified as the worst condition among the other site of parking area

Porous asphalt mixtures enriched with bamboo fibers as a new approach for future sustainable construction

Porous Asphalt (PA) is a highly permeable asphalt surface used to create and maintain permeable pavements for storm water management and runoff reduction. Under the impacts of repetitive vehicle loads, warm weather, and heavily rainfall, the structure was vulnerable to deterioration from cracking, rutting, stripping, and quick ageing. This research aims to examine the role of bamboo fiber in improving the physical and mechanical properties and overcome the issue related to PA. Among the tests involve are Cantabro loss, permeability, binder draindown, stability and resilient modulus. Two types of PA gradation involved with four different proportion of bamboo fiber (0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%). From the findings, it could be conducted that the existence of bamboo fiber can significantly improve the PA performance for both gradations. From this study, the utilization of natural fiber as an additive is also promoted and provide significant contribution to the exploration to alternative pavement material