Post Thrombolytic St-Segment Resolution Outcome in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients

OBJECTIVES: The main objective of this study was to assess post thrombolytic resolution of ST-segment and its outcome in patients with acute myocardial infarction. METHODOLOGY: This Prospective Comparative Study was carried out at the Cardiology Unit of Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad. All patients irrespective of gender and age with ST-Segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), having no immediate access to angioplasty and thrombolysed with streptokinase, were included in this study. ECG was taken at the beginning and 90 minutes after the administration of streptokinase. Based on ST-segment resolution on ECG taken at 90 minutes these patients were classified into group A and B. Group A included patients with ST-segment resolution while group B showed no resolution of ST-segment after streptokinase administration. These patients were followed during their hospital stay for complications such as arrhythmias, cardiogenic shock, acquired ventricular septal defects (VSD) aneurysm and death. RESULTS: Among 115 patients, 94 were male and 21 female. Group A included 102 (89%) patients and group B included 13 (11%). In group A, only 1 (0.98 %) patient developed complications and in group B, 13 patients (100%) developed complications. Arrhythmias were the most common complication among MI patients in group A while cardiogenic shock was the commonest complication in group B. CONCLUSION: ST-segment resolution is a practical and applicable indicator of successful thrombolysis and has a significant correlation with clinical outcome in acute myocardial patients after thrombolysis with streptokinase

On enhancing model-based expectation maximization source separation in dynamic reverberant conditions using automatic Clifton effect

[EN] Source separation algorithms based on spatial cues generally face two major problems. The first one is their general performance degradation in reverberant environments and the second is their inability to differentiate closely located sources due to similarity of their spatial cues. The latter problem gets amplified in highly reverberant environments as reverberations have a distorting effect on spatial cues. In this paper, we have proposed a separation algorithm, in which inside an enclosure, the distortions due to reverberations in a spatial cue based source separation algorithm namely model-based expectation-maximization source separation and localization (MESSL) are minimized by using the Precedence effect. The Precedence effect acts as a gatekeeper which restricts the reverberations entering the separation system resulting in its improved separation performance. And this effect is automatically transformed into the Clifton effect to deal with the dynamic acoustic conditions. Our proposed algorithm has shown improved performance over MESSL in all kinds of reverberant conditions including closely located sources. On average, 22.55% improvement in SDR (signal to distortion ratio) and 15% in PESQ (perceptual evaluation of speech quality) is observed by using the Clifton effect to tackle dynamic reverberant conditions.This project is funded by Higher Education Commission (HEC), Pakistan, under project no. 6330/KPK/NRPU/R&D/HEC/2016.Gul, S.; Khan, MS.; Shah, SW.; Lloret, J. (2020). On enhancing model-based expectation maximization source separation in dynamic reverberant conditions using automatic Clifton effect. International Journal of Communication Systems. 33(3):1-18. https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.421011833

Video-FocalNets: Spatio-Temporal Focal Modulation for Video Action Recognition

Recent video recognition models utilize Transformer models for long-range spatio-temporal context modeling. Video transformer designs are based on self-attention that can model global context at a high computational cost. In comparison, convolutional designs for videos offer an efficient alternative but lack long-range dependency modeling. Towards achieving the best of both designs, this work proposes Video-FocalNet, an effective and efficient architecture for video recognition that models both local and global contexts. Video-FocalNet is based on a spatio-temporal focal modulation architecture that reverses the interaction and aggregation steps of self-attention for better efficiency. Further, the aggregation step and the interaction step are both implemented using efficient convolution and element-wise multiplication operations that are computationally less expensive than their self-attention counterparts on video representations. We extensively explore the design space of focal modulation-based spatio-temporal context modeling and demonstrate our parallel spatial and temporal encoding design to be the optimal choice. Video-FocalNets perform favorably well against the state-of-the-art transformer-based models for video recognition on five large-scale datasets (Kinetics-400, Kinetics-600, SS-v2, Diving-48, and ActivityNet-1.3) at a lower computational cost. Our code/models are released at https://github.com/TalalWasim/Video-FocalNets.Comment: Accepted to ICCV-2023. Camera-Ready version. Project page: https://TalalWasim.github.io/Video-FocalNets

Software Cost Estimation through Entity Relationship Model

Abstract: Software Cost Estimation is essential for efficient control and management of the whole software development process. Today, Constructive Cost Model (COCOMO 11) is very popular for estimating software cost. In Constructive Cost Model lines of code and function, points are used to calculate the software size. Actually, this work represents the implementation stages but in early stages in software development, it was not easy to estimate software cost. The entity relationship model (ER Model) is very useful in requirement analysis for data concentrated systems. This paper highlights the use of Entity Relationship Model for software cost estimation. Pathway Density is ushered in. By using the Pathway Density and other factors, many regression models are built for estimating the software cost. So in this paper, Entity Relationship Model is based on estimated cost of software

Multisource Data Fusion Framework for Land Use/Land Cover Classification Using Machine Vision

Data fusion is a powerful tool for the merging of multiple sources of information to produce a better output as compared to individual source. This study describes the data fusion of five land use/cover types, that is, bare land, fertile cultivated land, desert rangeland, green pasture, and Sutlej basin river land derived from remote sensing. A novel framework for multispectral and texture feature based data fusion is designed to identify the land use/land cover data types correctly. Multispectral data is obtained using a multispectral radiometer, while digital camera is used for image dataset. It has been observed that each image contained 229 texture features, while 30 optimized texture features data for each image has been obtained by joining together three features selection techniques, that is, Fisher, Probability of Error plus Average Correlation, and Mutual Information. This 30-optimized-texture-feature dataset is merged with five-spectral-feature dataset to build the fused dataset. A comparison is performed among texture, multispectral, and fused dataset using machine vision classifiers. It has been observed that fused dataset outperformed individually both datasets. The overall accuracy acquired using multilayer perceptron for texture data, multispectral data, and fused data was 96.67%, 97.60%, and 99.60%, respectively

Photocatalytic response in water pollutants with addition of biomedical and anti-leishmanial study of iron oxide nanoparticles

Public health is a major concern globally, owing to the presence of industrial dyes in the effluent. Nanoparticles with green synthesis are an enthralling research field with various applications. This study deals with investigating the photocatalytic potential of Fe-oxide nanoparticles (FeO-NPs) for the degradation of methylene blue dye and their potential biomedical investigations. Biosynthesis using Anthemis tomentosa flower extract showed to be an effective method for the synthesis of FeO-NPs. The freshly prepared FeO-NPs were characterized through UV/Vis spectroscopy showing clear peak at 318 nm. The prepared FeO-NPs were of smaller size and spherical shape having large surface area and porosity with no aggregations. The FeO-NPs were characterized using XRD, FTIR, HRTEM, SEM and EDX. The HRTEM results showed that the particle size of FeO-NPs was 60–90 nm. The antimicrobial properties of FeO-NPs were investigated against two bacterial Staphylococcus aureus 13 (±0.8) and Klebsiella pneumoniae 6(±0.6) and three fungal species Aspergillus Niger, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus fumigatus exhibiting a maximum reduction of 57% 47% and 50%, respectively. Moreover, FeO-NPs exhibited high antioxidant properties evaluated against ascorbic acid. Overall, this study showed high photocatalytic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties of FeO-NPs owing to their small size and large surface area. However, the ecotoxicity study of methylene blue degradation products showed potential toxicity to aquatic organisms

Effects of antiplatelet therapy on stroke risk by brain imaging features of intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral small vessel diseases: subgroup analyses of the RESTART randomised, open-label trial

Background Findings from the RESTART trial suggest that starting antiplatelet therapy might reduce the risk of recurrent symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage compared with avoiding antiplatelet therapy. Brain imaging features of intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral small vessel diseases (such as cerebral microbleeds) are associated with greater risks of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage. We did subgroup analyses of the RESTART trial to explore whether these brain imaging features modify the effects of antiplatelet therapy

Effects of a high-dose 24-h infusion of tranexamic acid on death and thromboembolic events in patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding (HALT-IT): an international randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background: Tranexamic acid reduces surgical bleeding and reduces death due to bleeding in patients with trauma. Meta-analyses of small trials show that tranexamic acid might decrease deaths from gastrointestinal bleeding. We aimed to assess the effects of tranexamic acid in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding. Methods: We did an international, multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in 164 hospitals in 15 countries. Patients were enrolled if the responsible clinician was uncertain whether to use tranexamic acid, were aged above the minimum age considered an adult in their country (either aged 16 years and older or aged 18 years and older), and had significant (defined as at risk of bleeding to death) upper or lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Patients were randomly assigned by selection of a numbered treatment pack from a box containing eight packs that were identical apart from the pack number. Patients received either a loading dose of 1 g tranexamic acid, which was added to 100 mL infusion bag of 0·9% sodium chloride and infused by slow intravenous injection over 10 min, followed by a maintenance dose of 3 g tranexamic acid added to 1 L of any isotonic intravenous solution and infused at 125 mg/h for 24 h, or placebo (sodium chloride 0·9%). Patients, caregivers, and those assessing outcomes were masked to allocation. The primary outcome was death due to bleeding within 5 days of randomisation; analysis excluded patients who received neither dose of the allocated treatment and those for whom outcome data on death were unavailable. This trial was registered with Current Controlled Trials, ISRCTN11225767, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01658124. Findings: Between July 4, 2013, and June 21, 2019, we randomly allocated 12 009 patients to receive tranexamic acid (5994, 49·9%) or matching placebo (6015, 50·1%), of whom 11 952 (99·5%) received the first dose of the allocated treatment. Death due to bleeding within 5 days of randomisation occurred in 222 (4%) of 5956 patients in the tranexamic acid group and in 226 (4%) of 5981 patients in the placebo group (risk ratio [RR] 0·99, 95% CI 0·82–1·18). Arterial thromboembolic events (myocardial infarction or stroke) were similar in the tranexamic acid group and placebo group (42 [0·7%] of 5952 vs 46 [0·8%] of 5977; 0·92; 0·60 to 1·39). Venous thromboembolic events (deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism) were higher in tranexamic acid group than in the placebo group (48 [0·8%] of 5952 vs 26 [0·4%] of 5977; RR 1·85; 95% CI 1·15 to 2·98). Interpretation: We found that tranexamic acid did not reduce death from gastrointestinal bleeding. On the basis of our results, tranexamic acid should not be used for the treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding outside the context of a randomised trial