Enzymatic oligomerization and polymerization of arylamines: state of the art and perspectives

The literature concerning the oxidative oligomerization and polymerization of various arylamines, e.g., aniline, substituted anilines, aminonaphthalene and its derivatives, catalyzed by oxidoreductases, such as laccases and peroxidases, in aqueous, organic, and mixed aqueous organic monophasic or biphasic media, is reviewed. An overview of template-free as well as template-assisted enzymatic syntheses of oligomers and polymers of arylamines is given. Special attention is paid to mechanistic aspects of these biocatalytic processes. Because of the nontoxicity of oxidoreductases and their high catalytic efficiency, as well as high selectivity of enzymatic oligomerizations/polymerizations under mild conditions-using mainly water as a solvent and often resulting in minimal byproduct formation-enzymatic oligomerizations and polymerizations of arylamines are environmentally friendly and significantly contribute to a "green'' chemistry of conducting and redox-active oligomers and polymers. Current and potential future applications of enzymatic polymerization processes and enzymatically synthesized oligo/polyarylamines are discussed

Administration et administres: une interaction en matiere d'urbanisme. 'De la mobilisation sociale a une nouvelle culture politique'

SIGLECNRS-CDST / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

Bulletin Bibliographique

Ce Bulletin bibliographique se compose de trois parties. La première, « L’Atelier des sciences sociales du religieux », nouvelle rubrique qui réunira enquêtes, archives et recherches sur l’histoire de nos savoirs et de nos disciplines, est marquée dans cette livraison par les figures d’Alphonse Dupront, de Michel de Certeau et de Jean-Pierre Deconchy. La seconde rassemble une série importante de notes critiques sur les rites de la Chine ancienne et sur l’histoire, dans ce même pays, des communautés catholiques, sur la littérature sous l’empire moghol, sur la postérité de Joaquim de Flore, sur la crise de la théologie dans la France des années 1950, sur l’école et l’éducation en Italie, et enfin sur les rapports complexes que le christianisme contemporain a entretenus avec le cinéma. La troisième partie aligne près de quatre-vingts comptes rendus d’ouvrages récents. Dans la diversité de cette littérature savante, on repère des thèmes aujourd’hui majeurs : les effets de la globalisation sur les religions historiques, les conséquences des migrations intensifiées sur la communalisation religieuse, les sacralisations inattendues, en situation de pluralisation, des référents et des modalités du croire

Riesgos y controversias en la construcción social del concepto de alimento saludable: el caso de la soja

Riscos e controvérsias na construção social do conceito de alimento saudável são discutidos, tendo a soja como objeto de estudo. Estudos dos impactos da soja sobre a saúde e da sojicultura sobre o meio socioambiental foram revisados para analisar as controvérsias científicas da pesquisa na área de soja e saúde humana, bem como seu contexto político e as repercussões socioambientais da sojicultura. Com base na Sociologia do Conhecimento Científico e na Sociologia Ambiental, argumenta-se que a fronteira entre o alimento saudável e o de risco é tênue e vulnerável a diferentes influências construídas reflexivamente. Destaca-se a importância de ampliar o conceito de alimento saudável para o de alimentação saudável, considerando sua dimensão cultural e socioambiental.Controversies and risks in the social construction of the concept of healthy food are discussed, using soybean as the object of study. Studies concerning the impacts of soy on human health and the effects of its cultivation on the social-environmental domain were reviewed to analyze the political context of the discussion surrounding soy and the socio-environmental repercussions of its cultivation. Based on the sociology of scientific knowledge and the environmental sociology, we identified a thin line between healthy and risky food, which is vulnerable to different reflexively constructed influences. It is important to broaden the concept of healthy food to healthy alimentation and to consider its cultural and social-environmental dimension.Riesgos y controversias en la construcción social del concepto de alimento saludable son discutidos, teniendo a la soja como objeto de estudio. Estudios de los impactos de la soja sobre la salud y de la sojicultura sobre el medio socioambiental fueron revisados para analizar las controversias científicas de la investigación en el área de soja y salud humana, así como su contexto político y las repercusiones socioambientales de la sojicultura. Con base en la Sociología del Conocimiento Científico y en la Sociología Ambiental, se argumenta que la frontera entre el alimento saludable y el de riesgo es tenue y vulnerable en diferentes influencias construidas reflexivamente. Se destaca la importancia de ampliar el concepto de alimento saludable para el de alimentación saludable, considerando su dimensión cultural y socioambiental.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP