The geographical Jeux de l'Oie of Europe

The Jeu de L'Oie (Game of Goose), a unicursal race game played with tokens and dice, is named from the goose symbols on the favourable spaces. Many variants have been developed of the original 16th century Italian game. An important genre, originating in France as an educational aid, is that of geographical games, many being based on maps. The paper discusses the history of cartographical games that have an international dimension within Europe.Six such games are illustrated, originally published in 17thC France, 18thC England, 19th C Netherlands, 19thC England (a non-unicursal variant), 20thC Italy and 20thC Germany. The rules of each are contrasted with those of the parent game of Goose. Techniques of printing and cartography are compared.Each game goes beyond simple cartographic representation to convey, through its rules or iconography, a deliberate “message”, whether political, commercial or cultural. The games give insights into international relationships, perceptions and misconceptions at various points in the history of Europe.Le nom “Jeu de l’Oie” (jeu de parcours où l'on déplace des pions en fonction des résultats des dés) provient de la représentation d’une oie dans certaines cases bénéfiques. De nombreuses variantes de ce jeu, qui trouve son origine dans l’Italie du XVIe siècle, ont été développées. Parmi celles-ci, les jeux géographiques, souvent basés sur des cartes, représentent un genre important, apparu en France en tant que support éducatif. Cet article examine l’histoire des jeux cartographiques ayant pris une dimension internationale à travers l’Europe.Nous illustrerons ici six de ces jeux, apparus en France au XVIIe siècle, en Angleterre au XVIIIe, aux Pays-Bas et en Angleterre au XIXe (dans ce dernier cas il s’agit d’une variante non unicursale), en Italie et en Allemagne au XXe siècle. Les règles de ces jeux sont mises en contraste avec celles de leur ancêtre. Nous comparerons également les techniques d’impression et les cartographies.Chacun des jeux dépasse la simple représentation cartographique pour apporter, par ses propres règles ou son iconographie, un “message” délibéré: politique, commercial ou encore culturel. Ils donnent également un aperçu des relations internationales, perceptions ou idées erronées à différents moments de l’histoire européenne

The geographical Jeux de l'Oie of Europe

The Jeu de L'Oie (Game of Goose), a unicursal race game played with tokens and dice, is named from the goose symbols on the favourable spaces. Many variants have been developed of the original 16th century Italian game. An important genre, originating in France as an educational aid, is that of geographical games, many being based on maps. The paper discusses the history of cartographical games that have an international dimension within Europe.Six such games are illustrated, originally published in 17thC France, 18thC England, 19th C Netherlands, 19thC England (a non-unicursal variant), 20thC Italy and 20thC Germany. The rules of each are contrasted with those of the parent game of Goose. Techniques of printing and cartography are compared.Each game goes beyond simple cartographic representation to convey, through its rules or iconography, a deliberate “message”, whether political, commercial or cultural. The games give insights into international relationships, perceptions and misconceptions at various points in the history of Europe.Le nom “Jeu de l’Oie” (jeu de parcours où l'on déplace des pions en fonction des résultats des dés) provient de la représentation d’une oie dans certaines cases bénéfiques. De nombreuses variantes de ce jeu, qui trouve son origine dans l’Italie du XVIe siècle, ont été développées. Parmi celles-ci, les jeux géographiques, souvent basés sur des cartes, représentent un genre important, apparu en France en tant que support éducatif. Cet article examine l’histoire des jeux cartographiques ayant pris une dimension internationale à travers l’Europe.Nous illustrerons ici six de ces jeux, apparus en France au XVIIe siècle, en Angleterre au XVIIIe, aux Pays-Bas et en Angleterre au XIXe (dans ce dernier cas il s’agit d’une variante non unicursale), en Italie et en Allemagne au XXe siècle. Les règles de ces jeux sont mises en contraste avec celles de leur ancêtre. Nous comparerons également les techniques d’impression et les cartographies.Chacun des jeux dépasse la simple représentation cartographique pour apporter, par ses propres règles ou son iconographie, un “message” délibéré: politique, commercial ou encore culturel. Ils donnent également un aperçu des relations internationales, perceptions ou idées erronées à différents moments de l’histoire européenne

Study of the particle motion induced by a vortex shaker

The behaviour of a traced alumina particle lying on limestone powders with similar features has been studied in a test tube agitated by a vortex shaker aiming at studying dust emissions from powders. PEPT (Positron Emission Particle Tracking) was used for measuring the particle's position. Population densities were computed as the frequency of the particle's presence in different regions dividing the two horizontal axes and the vertical axis, respectively. The velocities of the particle were calculated by filtering out all displacements inferior to a critical distance dcrit so as not to consider spurious movements caused by experimental noise. After its validation, the methodology was applied to the standard condition of a vortex shaker experiment (ω = 1500 rpm, 2 g of powder and open test tube). While the horizontal coordinates and velocity components follow a symmetric distribution, the vertical coordinate is characterised by a large asymmetrical plateau. The heights reached by the particle (up to 24.3 mm) are small in comparison to that of the test tube (150 mm). The greatest velocities are found near the inner wall of the test tube and at the highest heights where the population densities are the lowest. The median velocity of the particle is 0.0613 m.s −1 whereas its median kinetic energy is 8.4E-12 J. The method explicated in the present study is directly applicable to any other sets of data obtained through PEPT, especially if the system is of small dimension

The material form of the Game of the Goose Some aspects of printing history

International audienceThis article discusses the material form of printed games, principally the Game of the Goose, relating this to the commercial practices of the workshops in Western Europe that produced them from the late sixteenth century onwards. Printing methods, colouring and presentation of the games are analysed

The material form of the Game of the Goose Some aspects of printing history

International audienceThis article discusses the material form of printed games, principally the Game of the Goose, relating this to the commercial practices of the workshops in Western Europe that produced them from the late sixteenth century onwards. Printing methods, colouring and presentation of the games are analysed

Games of 21 Combinations

Games of 21 Combinations are a group of games of chance, based on the combinations rolled with two six-sided dice. Never as popular as the Game of the Owl or the Game of Seven, with which it shares certain features, Games of 21 Combinations show an great variety of designs from the 16th to 19th century. This is the English version of the paper previously published as: ‘Jeux à Vingt-et-une Combinaisons’. Le Vieux Papier, fasc. 444 (Avril 2022), pp. 49-57

The debate on higher education Challenging the assumptions

Includes bibliographical referencesAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:4362. 6718(no 5) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreSIGLEGBUnited Kingdo