Simulation based estimation of branching models for LTR retrotransposons

Motivation: LTR retrotransposons are mobile elements that are able, like retroviruses, to copy and move inside eukaryotic genomes. In the present work, we propose a branching model for studying the propagation of LTR retrotransposons in these genomes. This model allows to take into account both positions and degradations of LTR retrotransposons copies. In our model, the duplication rate is also allowed to vary with the degradation level. Results: Various functions have been implemented in order to simulate their spread and visualization tools are proposed. Based on these simulation tools, we show that an accurate estimation of the parameters of this propagation model can be performed. We applied this method to the study of the spread of the transposable elements ROO, GYPSY, and DM412 on a chromosome of \textit{Drosophila melanogaster}. Availability: Our proposal has been implemented using Python software. Source code is freely available on the web at https://github.com/SergeMOULIN/retrotransposons-spread.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, 7 tables. Submit to "Bioiformatics" on March 1, 201

De l'obturation endodontique à la réhabilitation conservatrice ou prothétique des dents dévitalisées (optimisation de l'étanchéité)

LYON1-BU Santé Odontologie (693882213) / SudocSudocFranceF

Odontologie restauratrice au service de l'esthétique

LYON1-BU Santé Odontologie (693882213) / SudocSudocFranceF

Dentisterie adhésive en technique directe (données actuelles)

LYON1-BU Santé Odontologie (693882213) / SudocSudocFranceF

Performance des systèmes basés sur la fluorescence dans la détection précoce de la carie: un problème de santé publique.

International audienceModern clinical caries management involves early stage caries diagnosis and should fit with dental health policy. The objective of this study was to achieve early caries detection in enamel and dentine with a laser-based system (DIAGNOdent™ pen) first and secondary with a new fluorescence intra-oral camera (Soprolife®). A visual inspection with a loupe was used as control

Single-Unit versus Double-Unit Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation in Children and Young Adults with Residual Leukemic Disease

International audienc

Single-Unit versus Double-Unit Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation in Children and Young Adults with Residual Leukemic Disease

International audienceWe previously reported in a French prospective randomized study that transplantation of 2 unrelated cord blood (UCB) units instead of 1 unit does not decrease the risk of transplantation failure but may enhance alloreactivity. Here we evaluated the influence of pretransplantation minimal residual disease (MRD) on leukemia relapse and survival after single- versus double-UCB transplantation (UCBT). Among 137 children and young adults who underwent UCBT in this randomized study, 115 had available data on MRD assessment done immediately before initiation of the pretransplantation conditioning regimen. MRD was considered positive at a level of ≥10-4, which was the case of 43 out of 115 patients. Overall, the mean 3-year survival probability was 69.1 ± 4.4%, and it was not significantly influenced by the MRD level: 70.7 ± 5.4% in MRD-negative (<10-4) patients (n = 72), 71.1 ± 9.4% in MRD-positive patients with 10-4 ≤ MRD <10-3 (n = 26) and 58.8 ± 11.9% in MRD-positive patients with ≥10-3 (n = 17). In the MRD-positive group, the mean risk of relapse was significantly lower in the double-UCBT arm compared with the single-UCBT arm (10.5 ± 7.2% versus 41.7 ± 10.4%; P = .025) leading to a higher mean 3-year survival rate (82.6 ± 9.3% versus 53.6 ± 10.3%; P = .031). This difference was observed only in patients who had not received antithymocyte globulin during their conditioning regimen. In the MRD-negative group, there was no differencebetween the single- and the double-UCBT arms. We conclude that even in cases of positive pretransplantation MRD, UCBT in children and young adults with acute leukemia yields a high cure rate, and that a double-unit strategy may enhance the graft-versus-leukemia effect and survival in these patients

Les revues en sciences de l’éducation : mutations et permanences

Les revues de sciences de l’éducation sont un support privilégié pour ce champ. Nous les abordons sous l’angle des mutations et des permanences mais aussi dans la perspective de les lire et d’y publier. Ne nous intéresser qu’aux revues animées par la volonté de « faire science » permet de les distinguer de celles qui expriment des préoccupations strictement professionnelles. Notre sous-titre précise les finalités de l’ouvrage, lire, publier, diffuser, qui ne peuvent être poursuivies que si elles s’appuient sur des écrits sélectionnés, améliorés et validés selon des critères scientifiques et si la diffusion permet d’y accéder. Or, les revues se trouvent confrontées à bien des transformations : la révolution du numérique qui entraîne une réflexion sur les supports, les contraintes économiques de plus en plus pressantes et stressantes, enfin l’omniprésence de l’évaluation. Quels choix effectuer ? Comment les argumenter et les assumer ? Comment informer sur les procédures de décision et de fabrication ? Comment maintenir un haut niveau d’exigence ? Comment aider les « jeunes chercheurs » à être publiés sans y renoncer ? Telles sont les questions dont ce livre s’empare avec le désir explicite de contribuer à l’édification d’un « collège des revues »

Discovery of Thienoimidazole-Based HCV NS5A Genotype 1a and 1b Inhibitors

The discovery of potent thienoimidazole-based HCV NS5A inhibitors is herein reported. A novel method to access the thienoimidazole [5,5]-bicyclic system is disclosed. This method gave access to a common key intermediate (<b>6</b>) that was engaged in Suzuki or Sonogashira reactions with coupling partners bearing different linkers. A detailed study of the structure–activity relationship (SAR) of the linkers revealed that aromatic linkers with linear topologies are required to achieve high potency for both 1a and 1b HCV genotypes. Compound <b>20</b>, with a <i>para</i>-phenyl linker, was identified as a potential lead displaying potencies of 17 and 8 pM against genotype 1a and 1b replicons, respectively