The Caldera. No. 20

En las páginas de ésta edición encontrarán, en gran parte de los textos elaborados por nuestros educandos, un sencillo pero sentido homenaje a un ser humano que creyó, luchó y dio su vida, por causa de la libertad, de la igualdad, de la paz, por la defensa de sus profundas creencias y de una vida consagrada a su amada patria.PROYECTOS DE INVESTIGACIÓN.- PERFILES CALDISTAS.- LECTURA EN EL CALDAS Experiencias Significativas.- GRAN FINAL III Concurso Intercolegiado de Oratoria.-DEPORTES EN EL CALDAS.- BICENTENARIO FRANCISCO JOSÉ DE CALDAS.- ADIVINANZAS.- EXPRESIONES CALDISTAS.- GALERÍA DE IMÁGENES.-In the pages of this edition you will find, in a large part of the texts prepared by our students, a simple but a heartfelt tribute to a human being who believed, fought and gave his life, for the sake of freedom, equality, peace, for the defense of his deep beliefs and a life consecrated to his beloved homeland.Modalidad Presencia

European Journalism Observatory- a platform for training and professional networks in the Faculty of Information Sciences

The launching of a Spanish platform within the Observatory will serve as a training laboratory for undergraduate and graduate students of the Faculty of Information Sciences at the same time as for establishing a professional media network in and outside Spain. The European Journalism Observatory (EJO) is a network of 14 non-profit media research institutes in 11 countries where Spain continue to be the missing element. All researchers in the EJO network actively strive to transfer their knowledge to the media industry as well as interested publics outside the scientific community, as a platform to enable online availability of at least a portion of many publications in several languages

Demographic History of Indigenous Populations in Mesoamerica Based on mtDNA Sequence Data

The genetic characterization of Native American groups provides insights into their history and demographic events. We sequenced the mitochondrial D-loop region (control region) of 520 samples from eight Mexican indigenous groups. In addition to an analysis of the genetic diversity, structure and genetic relationship between 28 Native American populations, we applied Bayesian skyline methodology for a deeper insight into the history of Mesoamerica. AMOVA tests applying cultural, linguistic and geographic criteria were performed. MDS plots showed a central cluster of Oaxaca and Maya populations, whereas those from the North and West were located on the periphery. Demographic reconstruction indicates higher values of the effective number of breeding females (Nef) in Central Mesoamerica during the Preclassic period, whereas this pattern moves toward the Classic period for groups in the North and West. Conversely, Nef minimum values are distributed either in the Lithic period (i.e. founder effects) or in recent periods (i.e. population declines). The Mesomerican regions showed differences in population fluctuation as indicated by the maximum Inter-Generational Rate (IGRmax): i) Center-South from the lithic period until the Preclassic; ii) West from the beginning of the Preclassic period until early Classic; iii) North characterized by a wide range of temporal variation from the Lithic to the Preclassic. Our findings are consistent with the genetic variations observed between central, South and Southeast Mesoamerica and the North-West region that are related to differences in genetic drift, structure, and temporal survival strategies (agriculture versus hunter-gathering, respectively). Interestingly, although the European contact had a major negative demographic impact, we detect a previous decline in Mesoamerica that had begun a few hundred years before

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Variabilidad morfológica y geográfica de una colección de cráneos procedente de las islas filipinas

Una importante línea de investigación de la Antropología física se centra en el análisis de las colecciones de cráneos humanos. A través del estudio de la diversidad morfológica de estos cráneos se pueden investigar aspectos biológicos de nuestra especie, como el origen de las poblaciones, las adaptaciones específicas y la afinidad entre grupos humanos. Estas aproximaciones tradicionalmente se han realizado mediante una metodología que consistía en la toma de un número de medidas estandarizas del cráneo y en el cálculo de índices, producto de la combinación de las primeras. El análisis de estas variables permitía caracterizar individualmente a los ejemplares, estudiarlos como poblaciones y compararlos con otros grupos. Ahora bien, en los últimos años se han desarrollado métodos, sobre todo con los avances teóricos e informáticos, que permiten estudiar de una manera más detallada estas colecciones. Uno de estos cambios ha consistido en la inclusión en los estudios cráneométricos del concepto de la forma . La introducción de este parámetro ha permitido abrir un nuevo campo en las investigaciones biológicas, en general, y antropológicas, en particular.Fil: Quinto Sanchez, Mirsha Emmanuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Antropologia E Historia. Escuela Nacional de Antropología E Historia.; MéxicoFil: González José, Rolando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Arroyo Peña, Sergio. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Facultad de Biología; EspañaFil: Marinas, Elena. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Facultad de Biología; EspañaFil: Regalago-Liu, Lucia. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Facultad de Biología; EspañaFil: González-Martín, Antonio. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Facultad de Biología; Españ

Hgs frequencies (%) for the eight Native Mexican populations according to the complete mtDNA control region.

<p>Hgs frequencies (%) for the eight Native Mexican populations according to the complete mtDNA control region.</p

Skyline plot for the 28 populations grouped in the five cultural regions.

<p>North, West, Central, Oaxaca and Maya.</p