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Electronic properties of wurtzite GaAs: A correlated structural, optical, and theoretical analysis of the same polytypic GaAs nanowire
III-V compound semiconductor nanowires are generally characterized by the
coexistence of zincblende and wurtzite structures. So far, this polytypism has
impeded the determination of the electronic properties of the metastable
wurtzite phase of GaAs, which thus remain highly controversial. In an effort to
obtain new insights into this topic, we cross-correlate nanoscale spectral imaging
by near-field scanning optical microscopy with a transmission electron microscopy
analysis of the very same polytypic GaAs nanowire dispersed onto a Si wafer.
Thus, spatially resolved photoluminescence spectra could be unambiguously
assigned to nanowire segments whose structure is known with lattice-resolved
accuracy. An emission energy of 1.528 eV was observed from extended zincblende
segments, revealing that the dispersed nanowire was under uniaxial strain
presumably due to interaction with its supporting substrate. These crucial
information and the emission energy obtained for extended pure wurtzite
segments were used to perform envelope function calculations of zincblende
quantum disks in a wurtzite matrix as well as the inverse structure. In these
calculations, we varied the fundamental bandgap, the electron mass, and the
band offset between zincblende and wurtzite GaAs. From this multi-parameter
comparison with the experimental data, we deduced that the bandgap between
the Γ8 conduction and A valence band ranges from 1.532 to 1.539 eV in strain-free
wurtzite GaAs, and estimated values of 1.507 to 1.514 eV for the Γ7–A bandgap.
Address correspondenc
Stranski-Krastanov InN/InGaN quantum dots grown directly on Si(111)
The authors discuss and demonstrate the growth of InN surface quantum dots on a high-In-content In0.73Ga0.27N layer, directly on a Si(111) substrate by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy reveal uniformly distributed quantum dots with diameters of 10–40 nm, heights of 2–4 nm, and a relatively low density of ∼7 × 109 cm−2. A thin InN wetting layer below the quantum dots proves the Stranski-Krastanov growth mode. Near-field scanning optical microscopy shows distinct and spatially well localized near-infrared emission from single surface quantum dots. This holds promise for future telecommunication and sensing devices
First Search for Axion-Like Particles in a Storage Ring Using a Polarized Deuteron Beam
Based on the notion that the local dark-matter field of axions or axion-like
particles (ALPs) in our Galaxy induces oscillating couplings to the spins of
nucleons and nuclei (via the electric dipole moment of the latter and/or the
paramagnetic axion-wind effect), we performed the first experiment to search
for ALPs using a storage ring. For that purpose, we used an in-plane polarized
deuteron beam stored at the Cooler Synchrotron COSY, scanning momenta near 970
MeV/c. This entailed a scan of the spin precession frequency. At resonance
between the spin precession frequency of deuterons and the ALP-induced EDM
oscillation frequency there will be an accumulation of the polarization
component out of the ring plane. Since the axion frequency is unknown, the
momentum of the beam and consequently the spin precession frequency were ramped
to search for a vertical polarization change that would occur when the
resonance is crossed. At COSY, four beam bunches with different polarization
directions were used to make sure that no resonance was missed because of the
unknown relative phase between the polarization precession and the axion/ALP
field. A frequency window of 1.5-kHz width around the spin precession frequency
of 121 kHz was scanned. We describe the experimental procedure and a test of
the methodology with the help of a radiofrequency Wien filter located on the
COSY ring. No ALP resonance was observed. As a consequence an upper limit of
the oscillating EDM component of the deuteron as well as its axion coupling
constants are provided.Comment: 25 pages, 24 figures, 7 tables, 67 reference
Quasi-Frozen Spin Concept of Deuteron Storage Ring as an Instrument to Search for the Electric Dipole Moment
One of the possible arguments for the breaking of CP invariance is the existence of non-vanishing electric dipole moments (EDM) of elementary particles. Currently, the Jülich Electric Dipole Moment Investigation (JEDI) collaboration works under the conceptual design of the ring specifically for search of the deuteron electrical dipole moment (dEDM). The proposed Quasi-Frozen Spin concept differs from the Frozen Spin concept in that the spin of the reference particle is alternately deflected by a few degrees in different directions relative to momentum in the electric and magnetic parts of the ring. The QFS concept will allow using the existing COSY ring as pilot facility. The paper presents conceptual approach to ring design based on results of a study of spin decoherence and systematic errors, as well as the sensitivity estimation of the method to the determination of EDM
Quantum Emitters in Aluminum Nitride Induced by Zirconium Ion Implantation
The integration of solid-state single-photon sources with foundry-compatible photonic platforms is crucial for practical and scalable quantum photonic applications. This study investigates aluminum nitride (AlN) as a material with properties highly suitable for integrated on-chip photonics specifically due to AlN capacity to host defect-center related single-photon emitters. We conduct a comprehensive study of the creation and photophysical properties of single-photon emitters in AlN utilizing Zirconium (Zr) and Krypton (Kr) heavy ion implantation and thermal annealing techniques. Guided by theoretical predictions, we assess the potential of Zr ions to create optically addressable spin-defects and employ Kr ions as an alternative approach that targets lattice defects without inducing chemical doping effects. With the 532 nm excitation wavelength, we found that single-photon emitters induced by ion implantation are primarily associated with vacancy-type defects in the AlN lattice for both Zr and Kr ions. The emitter density increases with the ion fluence, and there is an optimal value for the high density of emitters with low AlN background fluorescence. Additionally, under shorter excitation wavelength of 405 nm, Zr-implanted AlN exhibits isolated point-like emitters, which can be related to Zr-based defect complexes. This study provides important insights into the formation and properties of single-photon emitters in aluminum nitride induced by heavy ion implantation, contributing to the advancement of the aluminum nitride platform for on-chip quantum photonic applications
Nanospectroscopic Imaging of Twinning Superlattices in an Individual GaAs-AlGaAs Core–Shell Nanowire
GaAs nanowires (NWs) exhibit different,
zinc blende (ZB) and wurzite
(WZ), crystalline phases and one generally finds an uncontrolled switching
between both phases on a scale of 1–10 nm. The change of crystalline
structure and stacking fault density strongly affects the local confinement
potential of GaAs NWs. Combining low temperature near-field spectroscopic
imaging and transmission electron microscopy measurements performed
on the very same individual GaAs nanowire allows us to gain an understanding
of the local structure–property correlations in such wires.
From the photoluminescence measurements at subwavelength spatial resolution
local characteristics of the band structure are derived. In particular,
our method enables us to assign the observed band gap reduction to
the high level of impurity dopants and to distinguish emission from
ZB-type regions and from periodically twinned superlattice regions.
In this way we demonstrate the ability to trace spatial variations
of the crystal structure along the wire axis by all-optical means.
Our results provide direct and quantitative insight into the correlations
between morphology and optics of GaAs nanowires and hence present
an important step toward band gap engineering of nanowires by controlled
crystal phase formation