Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Synthesis of block/graft copolymers based on vinyl benzyl chloride via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization using the carboxylic acid functionalized Trithiocarbonate

Hazer, Baki/0000-0001-8770-805XWOS: 000463224600001TARAMASCOPUSTARAMAWOSReversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain-Transfer (RAFT) polymerization of styrene (St), vinyl benzyl chloride (vbc), tert-butyl methacrylate (tertBMA) and n-butyl methacrylate (nBMA) was investigated using carboxylic acid functionalized trithiocarbonate (R2). A series of random copolymer of styrene and vinyl benzyl chloride was prepared in order to control chloromethyl functionality in the copolymer, via RAFT polymerization. Addition to this, first-order kinetic behavior of the RAFT polymerization of vbc using R2 was also evaluated. A novel series of amphiphilic copolymers based on polyethylene glycol (PEG) with molar masses of 500 and 2000g/mol, functionalized polyvinyl benzyl chloride (Pvbc) were obtained via the Williamson-ether-synthesis. As chloromethyl functionality increases, the introduced PEG increases. Fractional precipitation, thermal properties and water uptakes of the amphiphilic polymer samples were evaluated. The new polymers can be the promising materials with high aqueous solubility capacity.Bulent Ecevit University Research Funds [BEU-2017-72118496-01]; Kapadokya University [KUN.2018-BAGP-001]This work was supported by the Bulent Ecevit University Research Funds (#BEU-2017-72118496-01) and Kapadokya University KUN.2018-BAGP-001. This paper has been proofread by Bulent Ecevit University Article Proofreading and Editing Office

The synthesis of a new chitosan based superplasticizer and investigation of its effects on concrete properties

Chitosan-g-POEGMA (Chitosan-g-poly[oligo(ethyleneglycol) methyl ether methacrylate]) graft copolymers are prepared by grafting of oligo (ethylene glycol methyl ether) methacrylate (OEGMA) on chitosan via redox free radical polymerization method using ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as the initiator at 40 degrees C. Then the resulting copolymers are sulphated by sulphuric acid, chlorosulfonic acid and fuming sulphuric acid (Oleum). The compounds are characterized by FT-IR, NMR, and Elemental analysis. The chitosan homopolymer is also sulphated to compare the results. Taking all characterization results and water solubility ratios into account, it is decided to conduct tests on concrete specimens containing graft copolymers sulphated with oleum sulfuric

Synthesis and characterization of thiosemicarbazone-functionalized organoruthenium (II)-arene complexes: Investigation of antitumor characteristics in colorectal cancer cell lines

Erdogan, Duygu/0000-0002-4930-7017WOS: 000501616000021PubMed: 31753399In the current study, organoruthenium(II)-arene complexes (I-IV) have been prepared by the reaction of ({(eta(6)-pcym)RuCl}(2)(mu-Cl)(2)] with new thiosemicarbazones (TSC1-4).The isolate was analyzed using elemental analysis, FT-IR, H-1 and C-13 NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal XRD. Subsequently, the complexes and TSC ligands were assessed for anticancer properties in vitro against three different colorectal cancer stage's cell lines (Caco-2, DLD-1, and SW620) and a noncancerous cell line (CCD18Co). the complexes (I-IV) showed higher cytotoxicity with low IC50 values as 0.1-0.33 mu M in colorectal cell lines except for SW620 (47.4-84.20 mu M) than in a noncancerous cell. Complex I was 2.8 and 24.5-fold more active against Caco-2 and DLD-1 than CCD18Co, respectively. the complexes (I-IV) accumulated at a high concentration in the cell nuclei and caused cell cycle arrest by affecting the G0/G1 and/or G2/M phase and showed high binding affinity with CT-DNA (Kb = 10(4) M-1). the expression of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 apoptosis-related protein levels was slightly upregulated and Atg5 autophagy-related protein level was clearly downregulated according to control and 5-FU-treated cells after complex I and II treatment. Furthermore, it was observed that cytotoxicity of the complexes is decreased while cancer progresses. Altogether, this study indicates that all organoruthenium (II)-arene complexes (particularly complex I) can be a promising alternative to platinum counterparts in cancer treatment.TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [215Z663]; Dokuz Eylul UniversityDokuz Eylul University [2010.KB.FEN.13]This study was financed by project number 215Z663 TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey). the authors acknowledge Dokuz Eylul University for the use of the Oxford Rigaku Xcalibur Eos Diffractometer (purchased under University Research Grant No: 2010.KB.FEN.13) and Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center. We also gratefully thank Zehra Taysan for her help in vitro part

The predictive value of stimulation index calculated by modified mixed lymphocyte culture in the detection of GVHD following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation Hematopoetik kök hücre naklini takiben gelişen GVHD'nin saptanmasında modifiye mikst lenfosit kültür testinde hesaplanan stimülasyon indeksinin belirleyici deg̈eri

Objective: Mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) is one of the routine tests performed prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) as a predictive assay for assessing the quality of donor matching and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The stimulation index is one of the formulas of the MLC test, and it is used for evaluation of matching between donor and recipient. Modified MLC (mMLC) test is produced by adding various cytokines to the MLC test, and increased sensitivity has been reported with this modification