Indication for the disappearance of reactor electron antineutrinos in the Double Chooz experiment

The Double Chooz Experiment presents an indication of reactor electron antineutrino disappearance consistent with neutrino oscillations. A ratio of 0.944 $\pm$ 0.016 (stat) $\pm$ 0.040 (syst) observed to predicted events was obtained in 101 days of running at the Chooz Nuclear Power Plant in France, with two 4.25 GW$_{th}$ reactors. The results were obtained from a single 10 m$^3$ fiducial volume detector located 1050 m from the two reactor cores. The reactor antineutrino flux prediction used the Bugey4 measurement as an anchor point. The deficit can be interpreted as an indication of a non-zero value of the still unmeasured neutrino mixing parameter \sang. Analyzing both the rate of the prompt positrons and their energy spectrum we find \sang = 0.086 $\pm$ 0.041 (stat) $\pm$ 0.030 (syst), or, at 90% CL, 0.015 $<$ \sang $\ <$ 0.16.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, (new version after PRL referee's comments

Notas sobre la traducción de la oralidad en el doblaje al italiano de Almódovar

  Oral speech in audiovisual text is characterized by a series of features that lead to classify it as ‘prototypic’ oral speech (Briz 1998), rather than speech that was written to be spoken. The present study illustrates how dubbed films versions achieve the same level of spontaneity as the original film. The film clips chosen for this study have been selected from a number of Almodóvar’s movies. Our working hypothesis is that the degree of expressiveness in the original film dialogue is maintained in the process of translation and dubbing, and the paper discusses the implications of this.   

Failure of "Myth of Homeland": delay of return migration to Albania

EnAlbania is the country with the highest migration flow in Europe with a multifaceted Diaspora. The increasing flows of asylum-seekers during the last three years have re-brought Albanian migration to the attention of international and European context. The Albanians "economic asylum seekers" were labor emigrants who were self-nominated so in order to incentivize their accommodation and a tactic to be admitted in Germany and other EU member countries. The almost three decade's experience of Albanians' migration shows that some of the myths which inspired, encouraged and pushed Albanians to leave their country after 1990 failed to be realized. Most of people who emigrated to Greece, Italy and other Western countries were motivated by their desires to ensure a better education for their children. Three decades later, the gap between expectations of the parents and education of their children is visible. Employment, rather than education, seems to be the life path of Albanian migrants second generation. The myth of children education remained only a myth. Albania experienced a delay in the return of successful emigrants. Return migration first became significant in 2005 and the increase in returned migrants started to be a trend of Albanian migration after 2008. However, the ideology of return has mostly been the ideology of failure. The domination of failure was explicable in the conditions of the illegal emigration, during the first decade of Albania's contemporary migration. After 1999, as the immigration legislation of Italy and Greece became more liberal and favorable, the rhythms of forced return started to decrease. The recent trend to revert to the ideology of success is also related with some positive features of the migration of Albanians and the collapse of the so-called "myths" about their emigration: the replacement of myth of demon and criminal by the myth of neighbor; the replacement of the myth of usurper of the jobs of the natives by the myth of competitor; and the replacement of the myth of burden on welfare system by the myth of sponsor of the system, as the Albanian emigrants contribute to the receiving countries as tax payers.L'Albania è il paese con il più alto flusso migratorio in Europa e con una diaspora poliedrica. I crescenti flussi di richiedenti asilo negli ultimi tre anni hanno riportato la migrazione albanese all'attenzione del contesto internazionale ed europeo della migrazione. Gli albanesi «richiedenti asilo economico» si sono tatticamente autodefiniti emigranti per motivi di lavoro con lo scopo di incentivare la loro accettazione in Germania e in altri paesi dell'UE. L'esperienza quasi trentennale della migrazione degli albanesi dimostra che alcuni dei miti che hanno ispirato, incoraggiato e spinto gli albanesi a lasciare il loro paese dopo il 1990 non sono stati realizzati. La maggior parte delle persone emigrate in Grecia, Italia e altri paesi occidentali erano motivate dal desiderio di garantire una migliore istruzione ai propri figli. Tre decenni dopo, la distanza tra le aspettative dei genitori e l'educazione dei loro figli è visibile. L'occupazione, piuttosto che l'istruzione, sembra essere il percorso di vita dei migranti albanesi di seconda generazione. Il mito dell'educazione dei bambini è rimasto solo un mito. L'Albania ha subito un ritardo nel ritorno degli emigrati di successo. La migrazione di ritorno è diventata inizialmente significativa nel 2005 e l'aumento dei migranti di ritorno ha iniziato a essere una tendenza della migrazione albanese dopo il 2008. Tuttavia, l'ideologia del ritorno è stata principalmente l'ideologia del fallimento. La spiegazione di un dominante fallimento si trova nelle condizioni dell'emigrazione illegale, durante il primo decennio della migrazione albanese contemporanea. Dopo il 1999, quando le legislazioni italiana e greca sull'immigrazione hanno assunto caratteri più favorevoli e liberali, i ritmi del ritorno forzato iniziarono a diminuire. La tendenza recente a tornare all'ideologia del successo è anche legata ad alcune caratteristiche positive della migrazione degli albanesi e al crollo dei cosiddetti "miti" sulla loro emigrazione: la sostituzione del mito del demone e del criminale con il mito del vicino; la sostituzione del mito dell'usurpatore dei lavori dei nativi con il mito del concorrente; infine, la sostituzione del mito dell'onere sul sistema di welfare con il mito dello sponsor del sistema, poiché gli emigranti albanesi diventano contribuenti dei sistemi fiscali dei paesi in cui si trasferiscono

Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), Far Detector Technical Design Report, Volume I Introduction to DUNE

International audienceThe preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of the supernovae that produced the heavy elements necessary for life, and whether protons eventually decay—these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our universe, its current state, and its eventual fate. The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is an international world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions as it searches for leptonic charge-parity symmetry violation, stands ready to capture supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector technical design report (TDR) describes the DUNE physics program and the technical designs of the single- and dual-phase DUNE liquid argon TPC far detector modules. This TDR is intended to justify the technical choices for the far detector that flow down from the high-level physics goals through requirements at all levels of the Project. Volume I contains an executive summary that introduces the DUNE science program, the far detector and the strategy for its modular designs, and the organization and management of the Project. The remainder of Volume I provides more detail on the science program that drives the choice of detector technologies and on the technologies themselves. It also introduces the designs for the DUNE near detector and the DUNE computing model, for which DUNE is planning design reports. Volume II of this TDR describes DUNE's physics program in detail. Volume III describes the technical coordination required for the far detector design, construction, installation, and integration, and its organizational structure. Volume IV describes the single-phase far detector technology. A planned Volume V will describe the dual-phase technology

Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), Far Detector Technical Design Report, Volume II: DUNE Physics

The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of the supernovae that produced the heavy elements necessary for life, and whether protons eventually decay -- these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our universe, its current state, and its eventual fate. DUNE is an international world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions as it searches for leptonic charge-parity symmetry violation, stands ready to capture supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector technical design report (TDR) describes the DUNE physics program and the technical designs of the single- and dual-phase DUNE liquid argon TPC far detector modules. Volume II of this TDR, DUNE Physics, describes the array of identified scientific opportunities and key goals. Crucially, we also report our best current understanding of the capability of DUNE to realize these goals, along with the detailed arguments and investigations on which this understanding is based. This TDR volume documents the scientific basis underlying the conception and design of the LBNF/DUNE experimental configurations. As a result, the description of DUNE's experimental capabilities constitutes the bulk of the document. Key linkages between requirements for successful execution of the physics program and primary specifications of the experimental configurations are drawn and summarized. This document also serves a wider purpose as a statement on the scientific potential of DUNE as a central component within a global program of frontier theoretical and experimental particle physics research. Thus, the presentation also aims to serve as a resource for the particle physics community at large

Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) Near Detector Conceptual Design Report

International audienceThe Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is an international, world-class experiment aimed at exploring fundamental questions about the universe that are at the forefront of astrophysics and particle physics research. DUNE will study questions pertaining to the preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of supernovae, the subtleties of neutrino interaction physics, and a number of beyond the Standard Model topics accessible in a powerful neutrino beam. A critical component of the DUNE physics program involves the study of changes in a powerful beam of neutrinos, i.e., neutrino oscillations, as the neutrinos propagate a long distance. The experiment consists of a near detector, sited close to the source of the beam, and a far detector, sited along the beam at a large distance. This document, the DUNE Near Detector Conceptual Design Report (CDR), describes the design of the DUNE near detector and the science program that drives the design and technology choices. The goals and requirements underlying the design, along with projected performance are given. It serves as a starting point for a more detailed design that will be described in future documents

The DUNE Far Detector Vertical Drift Technology, Technical Design Report

International audienceDUNE is an international experiment dedicated to addressing some of the questions at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics, including the mystifying preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe. The dual-site experiment will employ an intense neutrino beam focused on a near and a far detector as it aims to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy and to make high-precision measurements of the PMNS matrix parameters, including the CP-violating phase. It will also stand ready to observe supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector implements liquid argon time-projection chamber (LArTPC) technology, and combines the many tens-of-kiloton fiducial mass necessary for rare event searches with the sub-centimeter spatial resolution required to image those events with high precision. The addition of a photon detection system enhances physics capabilities for all DUNE physics drivers and opens prospects for further physics explorations. Given its size, the far detector will be implemented as a set of modules, with LArTPC designs that differ from one another as newer technologies arise. In the vertical drift LArTPC design, a horizontal cathode bisects the detector, creating two stacked drift volumes in which ionization charges drift towards anodes at either the top or bottom. The anodes are composed of perforated PCB layers with conductive strips, enabling reconstruction in 3D. Light-trap-style photon detection modules are placed both on the cryostat's side walls and on the central cathode where they are optically powered. This Technical Design Report describes in detail the technical implementations of each subsystem of this LArTPC that, together with the other far detector modules and the near detector, will enable DUNE to achieve its physics goals

The DUNE Far Detector Vertical Drift Technology, Technical Design Report

International audienceDUNE is an international experiment dedicated to addressing some of the questions at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics, including the mystifying preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe. The dual-site experiment will employ an intense neutrino beam focused on a near and a far detector as it aims to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy and to make high-precision measurements of the PMNS matrix parameters, including the CP-violating phase. It will also stand ready to observe supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector implements liquid argon time-projection chamber (LArTPC) technology, and combines the many tens-of-kiloton fiducial mass necessary for rare event searches with the sub-centimeter spatial resolution required to image those events with high precision. The addition of a photon detection system enhances physics capabilities for all DUNE physics drivers and opens prospects for further physics explorations. Given its size, the far detector will be implemented as a set of modules, with LArTPC designs that differ from one another as newer technologies arise. In the vertical drift LArTPC design, a horizontal cathode bisects the detector, creating two stacked drift volumes in which ionization charges drift towards anodes at either the top or bottom. The anodes are composed of perforated PCB layers with conductive strips, enabling reconstruction in 3D. Light-trap-style photon detection modules are placed both on the cryostat's side walls and on the central cathode where they are optically powered. This Technical Design Report describes in detail the technical implementations of each subsystem of this LArTPC that, together with the other far detector modules and the near detector, will enable DUNE to achieve its physics goals

Separation of track- and shower-like energy deposits in ProtoDUNE-SP using a convolutional neural network

International audienceLiquid argon time projection chamber detector technology provides high spatial and calorimetric resolutions on the charged particles traversing liquid argon. As a result, the technology has been used in a number of recent neutrino experiments, and is the technology of choice for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). In order to perform high precision measurements of neutrinos in the detector, final state particles need to be effectively identified, and their energy accurately reconstructed. This article proposes an algorithm based on a convolutional neural network to perform the classification of energy deposits and reconstructed particles as track-like or arising from electromagnetic cascades. Results from testing the algorithm on experimental data from ProtoDUNE-SP, a prototype of the DUNE far detector, are presented. The network identifies track- and shower-like particles, as well as Michel electrons, with high efficiency. The performance of the algorithm is consistent between experimental data and simulation