SIO Alumni Biographies

Brief biographical sketches of SIO alumni (1941-1977), compiled by the 75th Anniversary Committe

Deep Lenses of Circumpolar Water in the Argentine Basin

Three deep anticyclonic eddies of a species only reported once before [ Gordon and Greengrove, 1986 ] were intersected by hydrographic lines of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) and South Atlantic Ventilation Experiment (SAVE) programs in the Argentine Basin. The vortices are centered near 3500 m depth at the interface between North Atlantic Deep Water and Bottom Water. They have ∼1500-m-thick cores containing Lower Circumpolar Deep Water and a dynamic influence that may span up to two thirds of the water column. As one eddy was observed just downstream of the western termination of the Falkland Escarpment, a destabilization of the deep boundary current by the sudden slope relaxation is suggested as a potential cause of eddy formation. Besides isopycnal interleaving at the eddy perimeters, strongly eroded core properties in the upper parts of the lenses, associated with low density ratios, hint at double diffusion at the top of the structures as another major decay mechanism. The presence of an eddy in the northern Argentine Basin shows the possibility for a northward drift of the vortices, in this basin at least. Deep events in recent current measurements from the Vema Channel are presented that raise the question of further equatorward motion to the Brazil Basin

The d13C anomaly in the northeastern Atlantic

The δ13C of dissolved inorganic carbon was measured on samples collected at 49°N in the northeast Atlantic in January 1994. Deeper than 2000 m, δ13C exhibits the same negative correlation versus dissolved phosphate that is observed elsewhere in the deep Atlantic. Upward from 2000 m to about 600 m, δ13C shifts to values more negative than expected from the correlation with nutrients at depth, which is likely due to penetration of anthropogenic CO2. From these data, the profile of the anthropogenic δ13C decrease is calculated by using either dissolved phosphate or apparent oxygen utilization as a proxy for the preanthropogenic δ13C distribution. The shape of the anthropogenic anomaly profile derived from phosphate is similar to that of the increase in dissolved inorganic carbon derived by others in the same area. The reconstruction from oxygen utilization results in a lower estimate of the anthropogenic δ13C decrease in the upper water column, and the vertical anomaly profile is less similar to that of the dissolved inorganic carbon increase. A 13C budget for the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere indicates that within the range of probable ocean CO2 uptake the ratio of δ13C to inorganic carbon change should be mostly influenced by the 13C inventory change of the biosphere. However, the uncertainty in the ratio we derive prevents a strong contraint on the size of the exchangeable biosphere

Laue diffraction protein crystallography at the National Synchrotron Light Source

A new facility for the study of protein crystal structure using Laue diffraction has been established at the X26 beam line of the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The characteristics of the beam line and diffraction apparatus are described. Selected results of some of the initial experiments are discussed briefly by beam line users to illustrate the scope of the experimental program. Because the Laue method permits the recording of large data sets in a single shot, one goal in establishing this facility has been to develop the means to study time-resolved structures within protein crystals. Systems being studied include: the reactions catalyzed by trypsin; photolysis of carbonmonoxy myoglobin; and the photocycle of photoactive yellow protein

Unbounded boundaries and shifting baselines: estuaries and coastal seas in a rapidly changing world

This Special Issue of Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science presents contributions from ECSA 55; an international symposium organised by the Estuarine and Coastal Sciences Association (ECSA) and Elsevier on the broad theme of estuaries and coastal seas in times of intense change. The objectives of the SI are to synthesise, hypothesise and illustrate the impacts of global change on estuaries and coastal seas through learning lessons from the past, discussing the current and forecasting for the future. It is highlighted here that establishing impacts and assigning cause to the many pressures of global change is and will continue to be a formidable challenge in estuaries and coastal seas, due in part to: (1) their complexity and unbounded nature; (2) difficulties distinguishing between human-induced changes and natural variations and; (3) multiple pressures and effects. The contributing authors have explored a number of these issues over a range of disciplines. The complexity and connectivity of estuaries and coastal seas have been investigated through studies of physicochemical and ecological components, whilst the human imprint on the environment has been identified through a series of predictive, contemporary, historical and palaeo approaches. The impact of human activities has been shown to occur over a range of spatial and temporal scales, requiring the development of integrated management approaches. These 30 articles provide an important contribution to our understanding and assessment of the impacts of global change. The authors highlight methods for essential management/mitigation of the consequences of global change and provide a set of directions, ideas and observations for future work. These include the need to consider: (1) the cumulative, synergistic and antagonistic effects of multiple pressures; (2) the importance of unbounded boundaries and connectivity across the aquatic continuum; (3) the value of combining cross-disciplinary palaeo, contemporary and future modelling studies and; (4) the importance of shifting baselines on ecosystem functioning and the future provision of ecosystem services

Preliminary Report STEP-I Expedition, 15 September - 14 December 1960. Part II. Biological, Photometric and Additional Chemical Data

This report completes the compilation of data collected on STEP-I Expedition of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography and the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission from 15 September to 14 December, 1960, to the Peru Current and offshore waters of Peru and northern Chile. Part I (SIO Ref. 61-9) included the physical and most of the chemical data; this report, Part II contains the biological, the photometric and some additional chemical data. The purposes of the expedition, the list of scientific personnel and the procedures for the collection of hydrographic data were given in Part I. Station numbers here correspond to those in Part I. Nitrate data are given in the appendix; determinations were made ashore after the end of the cruise, so the data were not included in Part I in order not to delay the distribution of the physical and other chemical data whose determinations were made during the cruise

Wave Reports: Bibliography 

Scripps Institution of Oceanography's Wave Reports were published as part of the "SIO Reference" series and the “SIO Contributions”.  The purpose of this  bibliography is to aid in locating the SIO Reference series volume and issue numbers, or the Contribution number, where the Wave Report is available