306 research outputs found
Measuring geometric phases of scattering states in nanoscale electronic devices
We show how a new quantum property, a geometric phase, associated with
scattering states can be exhibited in nanoscale electronic devices. We propose
an experiment to use interference to directly measure the effect of the new
geometric phase. The setup involves a double path interferometer, adapted from
that used to measure the phase evolution of electrons as they traverse a
quantum dot (QD). Gate voltages on the QD could be varied cyclically and
adiabatically, in a manner similar to that used to observe quantum adiabatic
charge pumping. The interference due to the geometric phase results in
oscillations in the current collected in the drain when a small bias across the
device is applied. We illustrate the effect with examples of geometric phases
resulting from both Abelian and non-Abelian gauge potentials.Comment: Six pages two figure
Genome And Secretome Analysis Of The Hemibiotrophic Fungal Pathogen, Moniliophthora Roreri, Which Causes Frosty Pod Rot Disease Of Cacao: Mechanisms Of The Biotrophic And Necrotrophic Phases
Background: The basidiomycete Moniliophthora roreri is the causal agent of Frosty pod rot (FPR) disease of cacao (Theobroma cacao), the source of chocolate, and FPR is one of the most destructive diseases of this important perennial crop in the Americas. This hemibiotroph infects only cacao pods and has an extended biotrophic phase lasting up to sixty days, culminating in plant necrosis and sporulation of the fungus without the formation of a basidiocarp.Results: We sequenced and assembled 52.3 Mb into 3,298 contigs that represent the M. roreri genome. Of the 17,920 predicted open reading frames (OFRs), 13,760 were validated by RNA-Seq. Using read count data from RNA sequencing of cacao pods at 30 and 60 days post infection, differential gene expression was estimated for the biotrophic and necrotrophic phases of this plant-pathogen interaction. The sequencing data were used to develop a genome based secretome for the infected pods. Of the 1,535 genes encoding putative secreted proteins, 1,355 were expressed in the biotrophic and necrotrophic phases. Analysis of the data revealed secretome gene expression that correlated with infection and intercellular growth in the biotrophic phase and invasive growth and plant cellular death in the necrotrophic phase.Conclusions: Genome sequencing and RNA-Seq was used to determine and validate the Moniliophthora roreri genome and secretome. High sequence identity between Moniliophthora roreri genes and Moniliophthora perniciosa genes supports the taxonomic relationship with Moniliophthora perniciosa and the relatedness of this fungus to other basidiomycetes. Analysis of RNA-Seq data from infected plant tissues revealed differentially expressed genes in the biotrophic and necrotrophic phases. The secreted protein genes that were upregulated in the biotrophic phase are primarily associated with breakdown of the intercellular matrix and modification of the fungal mycelia, possibly to mask the fungus from plant defenses. Based on the transcriptome data, the upregulated secreted proteins in the necrotrophic phase are hypothesized to be actively attacking the plant cell walls and plant cellular components resulting in necrosis. These genes are being used to develop a new understanding of how this disease interaction progresses and to identify potential targets to reduce the impact of this devastating disease. © 2014 Meinhardt et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.151USDA; U.S. Department of AgricultureLatunde-Dada, A.O., Colletotrichum: tales of forcible entry, stealth, transient confinement and breakout (2001) Mol Plant Pathol, 2 (4), pp. 187-198. , 10.1046/j.1464-6722.2001.00069.x, 20573006Oliver, R.P., Ipcho, S.V.S., Arabidopsis pathology breathes new life into the necrotrophs-vs.-biotrophs classification of fungal pathogens (2004) Mol Plant Pathol, 5 (4), pp. 347-352. , 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2004.00228.x, 20565602Catanzariti, A.M., Dodds, P.N., Lawrence, G.J., Ayliffe, M.A., Ellis, J.G., Haustorially expressed secreted proteins from flax rust are highly enriched for avirulence elicitors (2006) Plant Cell, 18 (1), pp. 243-256. , 10.1105/tpc.105.035980, 1323496, 16326930Link, T.I., Voegele, R.T., Secreted proteins of Uromyces fabae: similarities and stage specificity (2008) Mol Plant Pathol, 9 (1), pp. 59-66Brown, N.A., Antoniw, J., Hammond-Kosack, K.E., The predicted secretome of the plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum: a refined comparative analysis (2012) Plos One, 7 (4), pp. e33731. , 10.1371/journal.pone.0033731, 3320895, 22493673Thomma, B.P., Alternaria spp.: from general saprophyte to specific parasite (2003) Mol Plant Pathol, 4 (4), pp. 225-236. , 10.1046/j.1364-3703.2003.00173.x, 20569383Evans, H.C., Stalpers, J.A., Samson, R.A., Benny, G.L., Taxonomy of Monilia-Roreri, an important pathogen of theobroma-cacao in South-America (1978) Can J Bot, 56 (20), pp. 2528-2532Aime, M.C., Phillips-Mora, W., The causal agents of witches' broom and frosty pod rot of cacao (chocolate, Theobroma cacao) form a new lineage of Marasmiaceae (2005) Mycologia, 97 (5), pp. 1012-1022. , 10.3852/mycologia.97.5.1012, 16596953Phillips-Mora, W., Wilkinson, M.J., Frosty pod of cacao: a disease with a limited geographic range but unlimited potential for damage (2007) Phytopathology, 97 (12), pp. 1644-1647. , 10.1094/PHYTO-97-12-1644, 18943726Meinhardt, L.W., Rincones, J., Bailey, B.A., Aime, M.C., Griffith, G.W., Zhang, D.P., Pereira, G.A.G., Moniliophthora perniciosa, the causal agent of witches' broom disease of cacao: what's new from this old foe? (2008) Mol Plant Pathol, 9 (5), pp. 577-588. , 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2008.00496.x, 19018989Ferreira, L.F.R., Duarte, K.M.R., Gomes, L.H., Carvalho, R.S., Leal, G.A., Aguiar, M.M., Armas, R.D., Tavares, F.C.A., Genetic diversity of polysporic isolates of Moniliophthora perniciosa (Tricholomataceae) (2012) Genet Mol Res, 11 (3), pp. 2559-2568. , 10.4238/2012.July.10.11, 22869076Phillips-Mora, W., Wilkinson, M.J., Frosty pod: a disease of limited geographic distribution but unlimited potential for damage (2006) Phytopathology, 96 (6), pp. S138-S138Evans, H.C., (1981) Pod Rot of Cacao caused by Moniliophthora (Monilia) roreri, , London: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau, 24Joosten, M., de Wit, P., THE TOMATO-CLADOSPORIUM FULVUM INTERACTION: a versatile experimental system to study plant-pathogen interactions (1999) Annu Rev Phytopathol, 37, pp. 335-367. , 10.1146/annurev.phyto.37.1.335, 11701827Perfect, S.E., Green, J.R., Infection structures of biotrophic and hemibiotrophic fungal plant pathogens (2001) Mol Plant Pathol, 2 (2), pp. 101-108. , 10.1046/j.1364-3703.2001.00055.x, 20572997Scarpari, L.M., Meinhardt, L.W., Mazzafera, P., Pomella, A.W.V., Schiavinato, M.A., Cascardo, J.C.M., Pereira, G.A.G., Biochemical changes during the development of witches' broom: the most important disease of cocoa in Brazil caused by Crinipellis perniciosa (2005) J Exp Bot, 56 (413), pp. 865-877. , 10.1093/jxb/eri079, 15642708Melnick, R.L., Marelli, J., Bailey, B.A., The molecular interaction of Theobroma cacao and Moniliophthora perniciosa, causal agent of witches' broom, during infection of young pods (2011) Phytopathology, 101 (6), pp. S274-S274Melnick, R.L., Marelli, J.P., Sicher, R.C., Strem, M.D., Bailey, B.A., The interaction of Theobroma cacao and Moniliophthora perniciosa, the causal agent of witches' broom disease, during parthenocarpy (2012) Tree Genet Genomes, 8 (6), pp. 1261-1279Thomazella, D.P., Teixeira, P.J., Oliveira, H.C., Saviani, E.E., Rincones, J., Toni, I.M., Reis, O., Pereira, G.A., The hemibiotrophic cacao pathogen Moniliophthora perniciosa depends on a mitochondrial alternative oxidase for biotrophic development (2012) New Phytol, 194 (4), pp. 1025-1034. , 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04119.x, 3415677, 22443281Mondego, J.M., Carazzolle, M.F., Costa, G.G., Formighieri, E.F., Parizzi, L.P., Rincones, J., Cotomacci, C., Pereira, G.A.G., A genome survey of Moniliophthora perniciosa gives new insights into Witches' Broom disease of cacao (2008) Bmc Genomics, 9, p. 548. , 10.1186/1471-2164-9-548, 2644716, 19019209Bailey, B.A., Crozier, J., Sicher, R.C., Strem, M.D., Melnick, R., Carazzolle, M.F., Costa, G.G.L., Meinhardt, L., Dynamic changes in pod and fungal physiology associated with the shift from biotrophy to necrotrophy during the infection of Theobroma cacao by Moniliophthora roreri (2013) Physiol Mol Plant P, 81, pp. 84-96Henrissat, B., A classification of glycosyl hydrolases based on amino acid sequence similarities (1991) Biochem J, 280 (PART 2), pp. 309-316. , 1130547, 1747104Dias, F.M., Vincent, F., Pell, G., Prates, J.A., Centeno, M.S., Tailford, L.E., Ferreira, L.M., Gilbert, H.J., Insights into the molecular determinants of substrate specificity in glycoside hydrolase family 5 revealed by the crystal structure and kinetics of Cellvibrio mixtus mannosidase 5A (2004) J Biol Chem, 279 (24), pp. 25517-25526. , 10.1074/jbc.M401647200, 15014076Fibriansah, G., Masuda, S., Koizumi, N., Nakamura, S., Kumasaka, T., The 1.3 A crystal structure of a novel endo-beta-1,3-glucanase of glycoside hydrolase family 16 from alkaliphilic Nocardiopsis sp. strain F96 (2007) Proteins, 69 (3), pp. 683-690. , 10.1002/prot.21589, 17879342Markovic, O., Janecek, S., Pectin degrading glycoside hydrolases of family 28: sequence-structural features, specificities and evolution (2001) Protein Eng, 14 (9), pp. 615-631. , 10.1093/protein/14.9.615, 11707607Vandermarliere, E., Bourgois, T.M., Winn, M.D., van Campenhout, S., Volckaert, G., Delcour, J.A., Strelkov, S.V., Courtin, C.M., Structural analysis of a glycoside hydrolase family 43 arabinoxylan arabinofuranohydrolase in complex with xylotetraose reveals a different binding mechanism compared with other members of the same family (2009) Biochem J, 418 (1), pp. 39-47. , 10.1042/BJ20081256, 18980579Tiels, P., Baranova, E., Piens, K., De Visscher, C., Pynaert, G., Nerinckx, W., Stout, J., Callewaert, N., A bacterial glycosidase enables mannose-6-phosphate modification and improved cellular uptake of yeast-produced recombinant human lysosomal enzymes (2012) Nat Biotechnol, 30 (12), pp. 1225-1231. , 10.1038/nbt.2427, 23159880Ferreira, P., Hernandez-Ortega, A., Herguedas, B., Martinez, A.T., Medina, M., Aryl-alcohol oxidase involved in lignin degradation: a mechanistic study based on steady and pre-steady state kinetics and primary and solvent isotope effects with two alcohol substrates (2009) J Biol Chem, 284 (37), pp. 24840-24847. , 10.1074/jbc.M109.011593, 2757187, 19574215Mayer, A.M., Staples, R.C., Laccase: new functions for an old enzyme (2002) Phytochemistry, 60 (6), pp. 551-565. , 10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00171-1, 12126701Kersten, P.J., Glyoxal oxidase of Phanerochaete chrysosporium: its characterization and activation by lignin peroxidase (1990) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 87 (8), pp. 2936-2940. , 10.1073/pnas.87.8.2936, 53808, 11607073Henrissat, B., Callebaut, I., Fabrega, S., Lehn, P., Mornon, J.P., Davies, G., Conserved catalytic machinery and the prediction of a common fold for several families of glycosyl hydrolases (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 92 (15), pp. 7090-7094. , 10.1073/pnas.92.15.7090, 41477, 7624375Wostemeyer, J., Kreibich, A., Repetitive DNA elements in fungi (Mycota): impact on genomic architecture and evolution (2002) Curr Genet, 41 (4), pp. 189-198. , 10.1007/s00294-002-0306-y, 12172959Goffeau, A., Barrell, B.G., Bussey, H., Davis, R.W., Dujon, B., Feldmann, H., Galibert, F., Oliver, S.G., Life with 6000 genes (1996) Science, 274 (5287), pp. 546-563. , 547, 10.1126/science.274.5287.546, 8849441Dean, R.A., Talbot, N.J., Ebbole, D.J., Farman, M.L., Mitchell, T.K., Orbach, M.J., Thon, M., Nicol, R., The genome sequence of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea (2005) Nature, 434 (7036), pp. 980-986. , 10.1038/nature03449, 15846337Labbe, J., Murat, C., Morin, E., Tuskan, G.A., Le Tacon, F., Martin, F., Characterization of transposable elements in the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor (2012) Plos One, 7 (8), pp. e40197. , 10.1371/journal.pone.0040197, 3411680, 22870194Adomako, D., Cocoa pod husk pectin (1972) Phytochemistry, 11 (3), p. 1145Gan, P., Ikeda, K., Irieda, H., Narusaka, M., O'Connell, R.J., Narusaka, Y., Takano, Y., Shirasu, K., Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal the hemibiotrophic stage shift of Colletotrichum fungi (2013) New Phytol, 197 (4), pp. 1236-1249. , 10.1111/nph.12085, 23252678Garcia, O., Macedo, J.A.N., Tiburcio, R., Zaparoli, G., Rincones, J., Bittencourt, L.M.C., Ceita, G.O., Cascardo, J.C., Characterization of necrosis and ethylene-inducing proteins (NEP) in the basidiomycete Moniliophthora perniciosa, the causal agent of witches' broom in Theobroma cacao (2007) Mycol Res, 111, pp. 443-455. , 10.1016/j.mycres.2007.01.017, 17512713Pemberton, C.L., Salmond, G.P., The Nep1-like proteins-a growing family of microbial elicitors of plant necrosis (2004) Mol Plant Pathol, 5 (4), pp. 353-359. , 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2004.00235.x, 20565603Zaparoli, G., Barsottini, M.R., de Oliveira, J.F., Dyszy, F., Teixeira, P.J., Barau, J.G., Garcia, O., Dias, S.M., The crystal structure of necrosis-and ethylene-inducing protein 2 from the causal agent of cacao's Witches' Broom disease reveals key elements for its activity (2011) Biochemistry-Us, 50 (45), pp. 9901-9910Cabral, A., Oome, S., Sander, N., Kufner, I., Nurnberger, T., Van den Ackerveken, G., Nontoxic Nep1-like proteins of the downy mildew pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis: repression of necrosis-inducing activity by a surface-exposed region (2012) Mol Plant Microbe Interact, 25 (5), pp. 697-708. , 10.1094/MPMI-10-11-0269, 22235872Mosquera, G., Giraldo, M.C., Khang, C.H., Coughlan, S., Valent, B., Interaction transcriptome analysis identifies magnaporthe oryzae BAS1-4 as Biotrophy-associated secreted proteins in rice blast disease (2009) Plant Cell, 21 (4), pp. 1273-1290. , 10.1105/tpc.107.055228, 2685627, 19357089Paper, J.M., Scott-Craig, J.S., Adhikari, N.D., Cuomo, C.A., Walton, J.D., Comparative proteomics of extracellular proteins in vitro and in planta from the pathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum (2007) Proteomics, 7 (17), pp. 3171-3183. , 10.1002/pmic.200700184, 17676664van den Burg, H.A., Harrison, S.J., Joosten, M.H., Vervoort, J., de Wit, P.J., Cladosporium fulvum Avr4 protects fungal cell walls against hydrolysis by plant chitinases accumulating during infection (2006) Mol Plant Microbe Interact, 19 (12), pp. 1420-1430. , 10.1094/MPMI-19-1420, 17153926Roby, D., Gadelle, A., Toppan, A., Chitin oligosaccharides as elicitors of chitinase activity in melon plants (1987) Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 143 (3), pp. 885-892. , 10.1016/0006-291X(87)90332-9, 3566760Deising, H., Siegrist, J., Chitin deacetylase activity of the rust uromyces-viciae-fabae is controlled by fungal morphogenesis (1995) Fems Microbiol Lett, 127 (3), pp. 207-211Teixeira, P.J.P.L., Thomazella, D.P.T., Vidal, R.O., Do Prado, P.F.V., Reis, O., Baroni, R.M., Franco, S.F., Mondego, J.M.C., The fungal pathogen moniliophthora perniciosa has genes similar to plant PR-1 that are highly expressed during its interaction with cacao (2012) Plos One, 7 (9)Riviere, M.P., Marais, A., Ponchet, M., Willats, W., Galiana, E., Silencing of acidic pathogenesis-related PR-1 genes increases extracellular beta-(1→ 3)-glucanase activity at the onset of tobacco defence reactions (2008) J Exp Bot, 59 (6), pp. 1225-1239. , 10.1093/jxb/ern044, 18390849Levy, A., Guenoune-Gelbart, D., Epel, B.L., Beta-1,3-Glucanases: plasmodesmal gate keepers for intercellular communication (2007) Plant Signal Behav, 2 (5), pp. 404-407. , 10.4161/psb.2.5.4334, 2634228, 19704615Prados-Rosales, R.C., Roldan-Rodriguez, R., Serena, C., Lopez-Berges, M.S., Guarro, J., Martinez-del-Pozo, A., Di Pietro, A., A PR-1-like protein of fusarium oxysporum functions in virulence on mammalian hosts (2012) J Biol Chem, 287 (26), pp. 21970-21979. , 10.1074/jbc.M112.364034, 3381157, 22553200Kershaw, M.J., Talbot, N.J., Hydrophobins and repellents: proteins with fundamental roles in fungal morphogenesis (1998) Fungal Genet Biol, 23 (1), pp. 18-33. , 10.1006/fgbi.1997.1022, 9501475Zelena, K., Takenberg, M., Lunkenbein, S., Woche, S.K., Nimtz, M., Berger, R.G., PfaH2: a novel hydrophobin from the ascomycete Paecilomyces farinosus (2013) Biotechnol Appl Biochem, 60 (2), pp. 147-154. , 10.1002/bab.1077, 23600571Wosten, H.A., Hydrophobins: multipurpose proteins (2001) Annu Rev Microbiol, 55, pp. 625-646. , 10.1146/annurev.micro.55.1.625, 11544369Bayry, J., Aimanianda, V., Guijarro, J.I., Sunde, M., Latge, J.P., Hydrophobins-unique fungal proteins (2012) PLoS Pathog, 8 (5), pp. e1002700. , 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002700, 3364958, 22693445De Oliveira, A.L., Gallo, M., Pazzagli, L., Benedetti, C.E., Cappugi, G., Scala, A., Pantera, B., Cicero, D.O., The structure of the elicitor cerato-platanin (CP), the first member of the CP fungal protein family, reveals a double psi beta-barrel fold and carbohydrate binding (2011) J Biol Chem, 286 (20), pp. 17560-17568. , 10.1074/jbc.M111.223644, 3093830, 21454637Baccelli, I., Comparini, C., Bettini, P.P., Martellini, F., Ruocco, M., Pazzagli, L., Bernardi, R., Scala, A., The expression of the cerato-platanin gene is related to hyphal growth and chlamydospores formation in Ceratocystis platani (2012) Fems Microbiol Lett, 327 (2), pp. 155-163. , 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2011.02475.x, 22136757Zaparoli, G., Cabrera, O.G., Medrano, F.J., Tiburcio, R., Lacerda, G., Pereira, G.G., Identification of a second family of genes in Moniliophthora perniciosa, the causal agent of witches' broom disease in cacao, encoding necrosis-inducing proteins similar to cerato-platanins (2009) Mycol Res, 113, pp. 61-72. , 10.1016/j.mycres.2008.08.004, 18796332Lombardi, L., Faoro, F., Luti, S., Baccelli, I., Martellini, F., Bernardi, R., Picciarelli, P., Pazzagli, L., Differential timing of defense-related responses induced by cerato-platanin and cerato-populin, two non-catalytic fungal elicitors (2013) Physiol Plant, 149, pp. 408-421Yang, Y., Zhang, H., Li, G., Li, W., Wang, X., Song, F., Ectopic expression of MgSM1, a Cerato-platanin family protein from Magnaporthe grisea, confers broad-spectrum disease resistance in Arabidopsis (2009) Plant Biotechnol J, 7 (8), pp. 763-777. , 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2009.00442.x, 19754836Bhadauria, V., Banniza, S., Vandenberg, A., Selvaraj, G., Wei, Y., EST mining identifies proteins putatively secreted by the anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum truncatum (2011) Bmc Genomics, 12, p. 327. , 10.1186/1471-2164-12-327, 3149586, 21699715Frischmann, A., Neudl, S., Gaderer, R., Bonazza, K., Zach, S., Gruber, S., Spadiut, O., Seidl-Seiboth, V., Self-assembly at air/water interfaces and carbohydrate binding properties of the small secreted protein EPL1 from the fungus trichoderma atroviride (2013) J Biol Chem, 288 (6), pp. 4278-4287. , 10.1074/jbc.M112.427633, 3567679, 23250741Jeong, J.S., Mitchell, T.K., Dean, R.A., The magnaporthe grisea snodprot1 homolog, MSP1, is required for virulence (2007) Fems Microbiol Lett, 273 (2), pp. 157-165. , 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2007.00796.x, 17590228Peter, M., Courty, P.E., Kohler, A., Delaruelle, C., Martin, D., Tagu, D., Frey-Klett, P., Martin, F., Analysis of expressed sequence tags from the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes Laccaria bicolor and Pisolithus microcarpus (2003) New Phytol, 159 (1), pp. 117-129Cosgrove, D.J., Loosening of plant cell walls by expansins (2000) Nature, 407 (6802), pp. 321-326. , 10.1038/35030000, 11014181Quiroz-Castaneda, R.E., Martinez-Anaya, C., Cuervo-Soto, L.I., Segovia, L., Folch-Mallol, J.L., Loosenin, a novel protein with cellulose-disrupting activity from Bjerkandera adusta (2011) Microb Cell Fact, 10, p. 8. , 10.1186/1475-2859-10-8, 3050684, 21314954Brotman, Y., Briff, E., Viterbo, A., Chet, I., Role of swollenin, an expansin-like protein from Trichoderma, in plant root colonization (2008) Plant Physiol, 147 (2), pp. 779-789. , 10.1104/pp.108.116293, 2409044, 18400936Yamada, M., Sakuraba, S., Shibata, K., Taguchi, G., Inatomi, S., Okazaki, M., Shimosaka, M., Isolation and analysis of genes specifically expressed during fruiting body development in the basidiomycete Flammulina velutipes by fluorescence differential display (2006) Fems Microbiol Lett, 254 (1), pp. 165-172. , 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2005.00023.x, 16451195Rincones, J., Scarpari, L.M., Carazzolle, M.F., Mondego, J.M.C., Formighieri, E.F., Barau, J.G., Costa, G.G.L., Pereira, G.A., Differential gene expression between the biotrophic-like and saprotrophic mycelia of the witches' broom pathogen Moniliophthora perniciosa (2008) Mol Plant Microbe In, 21 (7), pp. 891-908Zerbino, D.R., Birney, E., Velvet: algorithms for de novo short read assembly using de Bruijn graphs (2008) Genome Res, 18 (5), pp. 821-829. , 10.1101/gr.074492.107, 2336801, 18349386Sommer, D.D., Delcher, A.L., Salzberg, S.L., Pop, M., Minimus: a fast, lightweight genome assembler (2007) BMC Bioinforma, 8, p. 64Ter-Hovhannisyan, V., Lomsadze, A., Chernoff, Y.O., Borodovsky, M., Gene prediction in novel fungal genomes using an ab initio algorithm with unsupervised training (2008) Genome Res, 18 (12), pp. 1979-1990. , 10.1101/gr.081612.108, 2593577, 18757608Stanke, M., Keller, O., Gunduz, I., Hayes, A., Waack, S., Morgenstern, B., AUGUSTUS: ab initio prediction of alternative transcripts (2006) Nucleic Acids Res, 34, pp. W435-W439. , Web Server issue, 1538822, 16845043Stanke, M., Tzvetkova, A., Morgenstern, B., AUGUSTUS at EGASP: using EST, protein and genomic alignments for improved gene prediction in the human genome (2006) Genome Biol, 7 (SUPPL. 1), pp. S11 11-18Slater, G.S., Birney, E., Automated generation of heuristics for biological sequence comparison (2005) BMC Bioinforma, 6, p. 31Borodovsky, M., Lomsadze, A., Ivanov, N., Mills, R., Eukaryotic gene prediction using GeneMark.hmm (2003) Curr Protoc Bioinformatics, , Chapter 4, Unit4 6Haas, B.J., Salzberg, S.L., Zhu, W., Pertea, M., Allen, J.E., Orvis, J., White, O., Wortman, J.R., Automated eukaryotic gene structure annotation using EVidenceModeler and the program to assemble spliced alignments (2008) Genome Biol, 9 (1), pp. R7. , 10.1186/gb-2008-9-1-r7, 2395244, 18190707Koski, L.B., Gray, M.W., Lang, B.F., Burger, G., AutoFACT: an automatic functional annotation and classification tool (2005) BMC Bioinforma, 6, p. 151Suzek, B.E., Huang, H., McGarvey, P., Mazumder, R., Wu, C.H., UniRef: comprehensive and non-redundant UniProt reference clusters (2007) Bioinformatics, 23 (10), pp. 1282-1288. , 10.1093/bioinformatics/btm098, 17379688Bateman, A., Birney, E., Cerruti, L., Durbin, R., Etwiller, L., Eddy, S.R., Griffiths-Jones, S., Sonnhammer, E.L., The Pfam protein families database (2002) Nucleic Acids Res, 30 (1), pp. 276-280. , 10.1093/nar/30.1.276, 99071,
The inhibition of CHO-K1-BH4 cell proliferation and induction of chromosomal aberrations by brevetoxins in vitro
Brevetoxins (PbTxs) are highly potent trans-syn polyether neurotoxins produced during blooms of several species of marine dinoflagellates, most notably Karenia brevis. These neurotoxins act on voltage-sensitive sodium channels prolonging the active state. During red tides, the commercial fishing and tourism industries experience millions of dollars of lost revenue. Human consumption of shellfish contaminated with PbTxs results in neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP). Additionally, blooms of K. brevis are potentially responsible for adverse human health effects such as respiratory irritation and airway constriction in coastal residents. There is little information regarding the full range of potential toxic effects caused by PbTxs. Recent evidence suggests that PbTxs are genotoxic substances. The purpose of this study was to determine if PbTxs could induce chromosomal aberrations and inhibit cellular proliferation in CHO-K1-BH4 cells, and if so, could the damage be negated or reduced by the PbTx antagonist brevenal. Results from the chromosomal aberrations assay demonstrated that PbTxs are potent inducers of CHO-K1-BH4 chromosome damage. Results from the inhibition of cellular proliferation assays demonstrated that PbTxs inhibit the ability of CHOK1- BH4 cells to proliferate, an effect which can be reduced with brevenal. Originally published Food and Chemical Toxicology, Vol. 44, No. 7, July 200
Interruption of torus doubling bifurcation and genesis of strange nonchaotic attractors in a quasiperiodically forced map : Mechanisms and their characterizations
A simple quasiperiodically forced one-dimensional cubic map is shown to
exhibit very many types of routes to chaos via strange nonchaotic attractors
(SNAs) with reference to a two-parameter space. The routes include
transitions to chaos via SNAs from both one frequency torus and period doubled
torus. In the former case, we identify the fractalization and type I
intermittency routes. In the latter case, we point out that atleast four
distinct routes through which the truncation of torus doubling bifurcation and
the birth of SNAs take place in this model. In particular, the formation of
SNAs through Heagy-Hammel, fractalization and type--III intermittent mechanisms
are described. In addition, it has been found that in this system there are
some regions in the parameter space where a novel dynamics involving a sudden
expansion of the attractor which tames the growth of period-doubling
bifurcation takes place, giving birth to SNA. The SNAs created through
different mechanisms are characterized by the behaviour of the Lyapunov
exponents and their variance, by the estimation of phase sensitivity exponent
as well as through the distribution of finite-time Lyapunov exponents.Comment: 27 pages, RevTeX 4, 16 EPS figures. Phys. Rev. E (2001) to appea
Valuations on lattice polytopes
This survey is on classification results for valuations defined on lattice polytopes that intertwine the special linear group over the integers. The basic real valued valuations, the coefficients of the Ehrhart polynomial, are introduced and their characterization by Betke and Kneser is discussed. More recent results include classification theorems for vector and convex body valued valuations. © Springer International Publishing AG 2017
Single Spin Asymmetry in Polarized Proton-Proton Elastic Scattering at GeV
We report a high precision measurement of the transverse single spin
asymmetry at the center of mass energy GeV in elastic
proton-proton scattering by the STAR experiment at RHIC. The was measured
in the four-momentum transfer squared range \GeVcSq, the region of a significant interference between the
electromagnetic and hadronic scattering amplitudes. The measured values of
and its -dependence are consistent with a vanishing hadronic spin-flip
amplitude, thus providing strong constraints on the ratio of the single
spin-flip to the non-flip amplitudes. Since the hadronic amplitude is dominated
by the Pomeron amplitude at this , we conclude that this measurement
addresses the question about the presence of a hadronic spin flip due to the
Pomeron exchange in polarized proton-proton elastic scattering.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure
Longitudinal double-spin asymmetry and cross section for inclusive neutral pion production at midrapidity in polarized proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 200 GeV
We report a measurement of the longitudinal double-spin asymmetry A_LL and
the differential cross section for inclusive Pi0 production at midrapidity in
polarized proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 200 GeV. The cross section was
measured over a transverse momentum range of 1 < p_T < 17 GeV/c and found to be
in good agreement with a next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculation.
The longitudinal double-spin asymmetry was measured in the range of 3.7 < p_T <
11 GeV/c and excludes a maximal positive gluon polarization in the proton. The
mean transverse momentum fraction of Pi0's in their parent jets was found to be
around 0.7 for electromagnetically triggered events.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. D (RC
Evolution of the differential transverse momentum correlation function with centrality in Au+Au collisions at GeV
We present first measurements of the evolution of the differential transverse
momentum correlation function, {\it C}, with collision centrality in Au+Au
interactions at GeV. {\it C} exhibits a strong dependence
on collision centrality that is qualitatively similar to that of number
correlations previously reported. We use the observed longitudinal broadening
of the near-side peak of {\it C} with increasing centrality to estimate the
ratio of the shear viscosity to entropy density, , of the matter formed
in central Au+Au interactions. We obtain an upper limit estimate of
that suggests that the produced medium has a small viscosity per unit entropy.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, STAR paper published in Phys. Lett.
High non-photonic electron production in + collisions at = 200 GeV
We present the measurement of non-photonic electron production at high
transverse momentum ( 2.5 GeV/) in + collisions at
= 200 GeV using data recorded during 2005 and 2008 by the STAR
experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The measured
cross-sections from the two runs are consistent with each other despite a large
difference in photonic background levels due to different detector
configurations. We compare the measured non-photonic electron cross-sections
with previously published RHIC data and pQCD calculations. Using the relative
contributions of B and D mesons to non-photonic electrons, we determine the
integrated cross sections of electrons () at 3 GeV/10 GeV/ from bottom and charm meson decays to be = 4.0({\rm
stat.})({\rm syst.}) nb and =
6.2({\rm stat.})({\rm syst.}) nb, respectively.Comment: 17 pages, 17 figure
- …