DISFUNÇÕES DA GLÂNDULA TIREOIDE E ODONTOLOGIA

A glândula tireoide é responsável pela produção dos hormônios triiodotironina (T3) e tiroxina (T4), os quais são importantes ao crescimento, desenvolvimento e metabolismo celular. O hipotireoidismo é um estado clínico resultante de quantidades insuficientes ou ausência de hormônios tireoidianos circulantes, e o hipertireoidismo é um estado hipermetabólico causado pelo aumento da função da glândula tireoide e dos seus hormônios. Os objetivos neste trabalho são descrever as alterações que as disfunções da tireoide provocam na cavidade oral e demonstrar as implicações na odontologia do tratamento medicamentoso do hipo e do hipertireoidismo. O levantamento bibliográfico foi realizado nas bases de dados PubMed, SciELO e EBSCO e em livros de farmacologia e terapêutica. Entre as manifestações orais mais comuns relacionadas ao hipertireoidismo estão: alterações nos tecidos ósseos da face (osteoporose do osso alveolar), os dentes e maxilares se desenvolvem rapidamente, perda prematura dos dentes decíduos, erupção precoce dos dentes permanentes, cáries dentárias e doença periodontal. As alterações bucais encontradas no hipotireoidismo são: hipoplasia condilar, atresia maxilar ou mandibular, prognatismo maxilar, maloclusão, hipoplasia de esmalte e dentina, retardo na erupção dentária e no desenvolvimento radicular, hipossalivação, macroglossia, demora maior na reparação dos tecidos e cicatrização de úlceras em boca. Uma das abordagens terapêuticas mais utilizadas é por meio dos medicamentos, sejam eles para repor hormônios no caso do hipotireoidismo (levotiroxina), ou para inibir a síntese deles no caso do hipertireoidismo (propiltiouracila). O cirurgião-dentista deve atentar para os pacientes hipotireóideos que fazem reposição hormonal, porque toleram menos os analgésicos opióides, e para os pacientes com hipertireoidismo, tratados com propiltiouracila, porque podem se queixar de parotidites e úlceras bucais e apresentar quadros de agranulocitose. Os pacientes com hipertireoidismo não controlado são altamente sensíveis à adrenalina, e neles o emprego de anestésicos locais com adrenalina é formalmente contraindicado com o risco de surgimento de crise tireotóxica.Palavras-chave: Hipertireoidismo. Hipotireoidismo. Odontologia

Ebola virus VP35 induces high-level production of recombinant TPL-2–ABIN-2–NF-κB1 p105 complex in co-transfected HEK-293 cells

Activation of PKR (double-stranded-RNA-dependent protein kinase) by DNA plasmids decreases translation, and limits the amount of recombinant protein produced by transiently transfected HEK (human embryonic kidney)-293 cells. Co-expression with Ebola virus VP35 (virus protein 35), which blocked plasmid activation of PKR, substantially increased production of recombinant TPL-2 (tumour progression locus 2)–ABIN-2 [A20-binding inhibitor of NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) 2]–NF-κB1 p105 complex. VP35 also increased expression of other co-transfected proteins, suggesting that VP35 could be employed generally to boost recombinant protein production by HEK-293 cells

Genome wide analysis of gene dosage in 24,092 individuals estimates that 10,000 genes modulate cognitive ability

International audienceGenomic copy number variants (CNVs) are routinely identified and reported back to patients with neuropsychiatric disorders, but their quantitative effects on essential traits such as cognitive ability are poorly documented. We have recently shown that the effect size of deletions on cognitive ability can be statistically predicted using measures of intolerance to haploinsufficiency. However, the effect sizes of duplications remain unknown. It is also unknown if the effect of multigenic CNVs are driven by a few genes intolerant to haploinsufficiency or distributed across tolerant genes as well. Here, we identified all CNVs > 50 kilobases in 24,092 individuals from unselected and autism cohorts with assessments of general intelligence. Statistical models used measures of intolerance to haploinsufficiency of genes included in CNVs to predict their effect size on intelligence. Intolerant genes decrease general intelligence by 0.8 and 2.6 points of intelligence quotient when duplicated or deleted, respectively. Effect sizes showed no heterogeneity across cohorts. Validation analyses demonstrated that models could predict CNV effect sizes with 78% accuracy. Data on the inheritance of 27,766 CNVs showed that deletions and duplications with the same effect size on intelligence occur de novo at the same frequency. We estimated that around 10,000 intolerant and tolerant genes negatively affect intelligence when deleted, and less than 2% have large effect sizes. Genes encompassed in CNVs were not enriched in any GOterms but gene regulation and brain expression were GOterms overrepresented in the intolerant subgroup. Such pervasive effects on cognition may be related to emergent properties of the genome not restricted to a limited number of biological pathways

Stimulated emission depletion microscopy for imaging of engineered and biological nanostructures

The investigation of interactions between engineered nanostructures and biological systems is a key component in the assessment of potential environmental and health implications due to the increasing application of nanotechnology. Combining the high specificity of bioconjugate fluorescence labeling techniques with the sub-diffraction resolution of Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED) microscopy and state-of-the-art nonlinear image restoration allows the imaging of these interactions on the length scales demanded by the interaction partners. In this article, we give an overview of the experimental approach and discuss its implications on the biological interpretation of the resulting fluorescence micrographs

Innovative Waste Management in the Mercury Loop of the EURISOL Multi-MW Converter Target

The choice of mercury as target material imposes various questions concerning the safe operation of such a system that are related to the physical and chemical properties of the target material itself and the nuclear reaction products produced within the target during its life time of several decades. Therefore, a subtask was created within the EURISOL-DS project that is concerned with studying an innovative waste management for the generated radioactivity by chemical means. Such a study strongly depends on the radioactive inventory and its distribution throughout the target and loop system. Radioactive inventory calculations were performed within task 5 [6]. The distribution of nuclear reaction products and their chemical state that can be expected within the target and loop system is one of the topics covered in this report. Based on the results obtained by theoretical studies as well as laboratory scale experiments, the feasibility of waste reduction using chemical methods, both conventional (e.g. leaching, distillation) and innovative (e.g. surface adsorption) are studied experimentally. The results and their implications on separation procedures that can be favourably applied to a spallation target system are discussed with respect to both handling of the radioactive waste and extraction of valuable nuclides for medical, scientific and industrial applications

DISFUNÇÕES DA GLÂNDULA TIREOIDE E ODONTOLOGIA

A glândula tireoide é responsável pela produção dos hormônios triiodotironina (T3) e tiroxina (T4), os quais são importantes ao crescimento, desenvolvimento e metabolismo celular. O hipotireoidismo é um estado clínico resultante de quantidades insuficientes ou ausência de hormônios tireoidianos circulantes, e o hipertireoidismo é um estado hipermetabólico causado pelo aumento da função da glândula tireoide e dos seus hormônios. Os objetivos neste trabalho são descrever as alterações que as disfunções da tireoide provocam na cavidade oral e demonstrar as implicações na odontologia do tratamento medicamentoso do hipo e do hipertireoidismo. O levantamento bibliográfico foi realizado nas bases de dados PubMed, SciELO e EBSCO e em livros de farmacologia e terapêutica. Entre as manifestações orais mais comuns relacionadas ao hipertireoidismo estão: alterações nos tecidos ósseos da face (osteoporose do osso alveolar), os dentes e maxilares se desenvolvem rapidamente, perda prematura dos dentes decíduos, erupção precoce dos dentes permanentes, cáries dentárias e doença periodontal. As alterações bucais encontradas no hipotireoidismo são: hipoplasia condilar, atresia maxilar ou mandibular, prognatismo maxilar, maloclusão, hipoplasia de esmalte e dentina, retardo na erupção dentária e no desenvolvimento radicular, hipossalivação, macroglossia, demora maior na reparação dos tecidos e cicatrização de úlceras em boca. Uma das abordagens terapêuticas mais utilizadas é por meio dos medicamentos, sejam eles para repor hormônios no caso do hipotireoidismo (levotiroxina), ou para inibir a síntese deles no caso do hipertireoidismo (propiltiouracila). O cirurgião-dentista deve atentar para os pacientes hipotireóideos que fazem reposição hormonal, porque toleram menos os analgésicos opióides, e para os pacientes com hipertireoidismo, tratados com propiltiouracila, porque podem se queixar de parotidites e úlceras bucais e apresentar quadros de agranulocitose. Os pacientes com hipertireoidismo não controlado são altamente sensíveis à adrenalina, e neles o emprego de anestésicos locais com adrenalina é formalmente contraindicado com o risco de surgimento de crise tireotóxica.Palavras-chave: Hipertireoidismo. Hipotireoidismo. Odontologia

Stimulated emission depletion microscopy for imaging of engineered and biological nanostructures

The investigation of interactions between engineered nanostructures and biological systems is a key component in the assessment of potential environmental and health implications due to the increasing application of nanotechnology. Combining the high specificity of bioconjugate fluorescence labeling techniques with the sub-diffraction resolution of Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED) microscopy and state-of-the-art nonlinear image restoration allows the imaging of these interactions on the length scales demanded by the interaction partners. In this article, we give an overview of the experimental approach and discuss its implications on the biological interpretation of the resulting fluorescence micrographs

4-substituted indazoles as new inhibitors of neuronal nitric oxide synthase.

International audienceA series of halo-1-H-indazoles has been synthesized and evaluated for its inhibitory activity on neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Introduction of bromine at the C4 position of the indazole ring system provided a compound almost as potent as the reference compound, that is, 7-nitroindazole (7-NI). The importance of position 4 is further demonstrated by the synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of the 4-nitroindazole which was also a potent inhibitor of NOS activity. These compounds also exhibited in vivo NOS inhibitory activity, as attested by potent antinociceptive effects following systemic administration