Coastal sedimentation

Several important coastal sedimentation problems are identified. Application of existing or anticipated remote sensing techniques to examine these problems is considered. Specifically, coastal fine particle sediment systems, floods and hy hurricanes and sedimentation f of coastal systems, routes and rates of sediment transport on continental shelves, and dredging and dredged material disposal are discussed

Sustainability Education as a Catalyst for University and Community Partnerships

Universities are uniquely positioned to lead society toward sustainability and their collaborations with community organizations are essential to this transition. The Biodiesel Program at Loyola University Chicago Center for Urban Environmental Research and Policy provides a case study of course-based service-learning projects facilitating synergies between the university and the community while concomitantly fostering urban sustainability. This article discusses the program’s design andstructure, and describes specific examples of community partnerships that havebenefited the university, the community, and the environmen

Projections for measuring the size of the solar core with neutrino-electron scattering

We quantify the amount of data needed in order to measure the size and position of the $^8$B neutrino production region within the solar core, for experiments looking at elastic scattering between electrons and solar neutrinos. The directions of the electrons immediately after scattering are strongly correlated with the incident directions of the neutrinos, however this is degraded significantly by the subsequent scattering of these electrons in the detector medium. We generate distributions of such electrons for different neutrino production profiles, and use a maximum likelihood analysis to make projections for future experimental sensitivity. We find that with approximately 20 years worth of data the Super Kamiokande experiment could constrain the central radius of the shell in which $^8$B neutrinos are produced to be less than 0.22 of the total solar radius at 95% confidence.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures. Matches version accepted to PRL. Improved 2D analysis and results discussio

Petrographic Criteria for the Recognition of \u27Magadi-Type\u27 Cherts

The Magadi cherts, inorganic lacustrine deposits from the Lake Magadi area, Kenya, are widely used as a modern analog to explain the origin of ancient inorganic cherts. Formed in a highly alkaline lake, as the result of a transformation from the sodium silicates minerals, magadiite and/or kenyaite, to quartz, the Magadi cherts possess a distinctive set of textural characteristics that allow them to be distinguished from cherts of different origin with only a limited number of samples. Textural characteristics that are diagnostic of the Magadi cherts and that can be used as a test for the occurrence of ancient \u27Magadi-type\u27 cherts are: 1) groundmass textures, which lie on a continuum from equigranular mosaics to grid-works, 2) variable concentrations of groundmass inclusions which occur as washes, clots, and fragments, 3) morphology, location, and orientation of cracks, fenestrae, and their filling phases, and 4) crystal molds. The transformation from magadiite to chert is accompanied by a 25% volume loss which is accommodated by the formation of shrinkage cracks, both internal and external, most similar in morphology and infill to subaqueously formed shrinkage cracks in clays and concretions, respectively. Textural and paragenetic criteria appear to be a valid test for the presence of \u27Magaditype\u27 cherts. Because important paleoenvironmental interpretations are made based on the presence of \u27Magadi-type\u27 cherts, it is important to have diagnostic tests to aid in its recognition. Further field work, and comparisons with lacustrine cherts of intermediate age are clearly needed at this point

Uncertainty in geometry of fibre preforms manufactured with Automated Dry Fibre Placement (ADFP) and its effects on permeability

Resin transfer moulding is one of several processes available for manufacturing fibre-reinforced composites from dry fibre reinforcement. Recently, dry reinforcements made with Automated Dry Fibre Placement have been introduced into the aerospace industry. Typically, the permeability of the reinforcement is assumed to be constant throughout the dry preform geometry whereas in reality it possesses inevitable uncertainty due to variability in geometry. This uncertainty propagates to the uncertainty of the mould filling and the fill time, one of the important variables in resin injection. It makes characterisation of the permeability and its variability an important task for design of the resin transfer moulding process. In this study, variability of the geometry of a reinforcement manufactured using Automated Dry Fibre Placement is studied. Permeability of the manufactured preforms is measured experimentally and compared to stochastic simulations based on an analytical model and a stochastic geometry model. The simulations showed that difference between the actual geometry and the designed geometry can result in 50% reduction of the permeability. The stochastic geometry model predicts results within 20% of the experimental values

A device for collecting in-situ samples of suspended sediment for microscopic analysis

An in-situ sampler for collecting small samples of suspended sediment for microscopic analysis bas been built and tested. The device rapidly freezes a thin layer of water entrapping all of the suspended particles in it; when the sampler is recovered, the disc of ice is placed on a suitable substrate and freeze-dried. The particles can then be examined in an undisturbed state with a light microscope or with an electron microscope