1,083 research outputs found
Efeito da cobertura de polietileno sobre a temperatura do solo e produtividade do tomateiro em estufa plástica
The effect of soil mulching with transparent, black, white, and co-extruded white-on-black polyethylene sheets on soil temperature and tomato yield was evaluated in the Subtropical Central Region of the Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The experiment was carried out from August 21, 1994 to December 2, 1994 in a 10m x 25m nonheated plastic greenhouse located at the county of Santa Maria. Highest soil temperatures were obtained under transparent mulch. Maximum amplitude of soil temperature waves was smaller under opaque mulches. Tomato yield was not significantly affected by mulch treatments, however, a tendency of greater yield was observed for opaque mulches as compared to transparent mulch. Among opaque mulches, the highest yield was obtained from white mulches.Este experimento foi conduzido para avaliar o efeito da cobertura do solo com polietileno transparente, preto, branco e co-extruzado branco-preto sobre a temperatura do solo e produtividade do tomateiro no interior de uma estufa plástica, em Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. O período experimental foi de 21 de agosto a 02 de dezembro de 1994. Observou-se que a temperatura máxima e média diária do solo foi maior sob polietileno transparente. A amplitude máxima da onda diária de temperatura do solo foi maior nos materiais opacos em relação ao transparente. Não houve diferença estatística na produtividade do tomateiro entre os tratamentos, mas a produtividade média foi maior com plásticos opacos do que com o plástico transparente. Entre os plásticos opacos, a maior produtividade foi obtida nos plásticos brancos, que refletem maior fração da radiação solar global incidente do que o plástico preto
Coupled-mode equations and gap solitons in a two-dimensional nonlinear elliptic problem with a separable periodic potential
We address a two-dimensional nonlinear elliptic problem with a
finite-amplitude periodic potential. For a class of separable symmetric
potentials, we study the bifurcation of the first band gap in the spectrum of
the linear Schr\"{o}dinger operator and the relevant coupled-mode equations to
describe this bifurcation. The coupled-mode equations are derived by the
rigorous analysis based on the Fourier--Bloch decomposition and the Implicit
Function Theorem in the space of bounded continuous functions vanishing at
infinity. Persistence of reversible localized solutions, called gap solitons,
beyond the coupled-mode equations is proved under a non-degeneracy assumption
on the kernel of the linearization operator. Various branches of reversible
localized solutions are classified numerically in the framework of the
coupled-mode equations and convergence of the approximation error is verified.
Error estimates on the time-dependent solutions of the Gross--Pitaevskii
equation and the coupled-mode equations are obtained for a finite-time
interval.Comment: 32 pages, 16 figure
Effective Hamiltonian Theory and Its Applications in Quantum Information
This paper presents a useful compact formula for deriving an effective
Hamiltonian describing the time-averaged dynamics of detuned quantum systems.
The formalism also works for ensemble-averaged dynamics of stochastic systems.
To illustrate the technique we give examples involving Raman processes,
Bloch-Siegert shifts and Quantum Logic Gates.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, to be published in Canadian Journal of Physic
Thermopower and thermal conductivity of superconducting perovskite
The thermopower and thermal conductivity of superconducting perovskite
( 8 K) have been studied. The thermopower is negative
from room temperature to 10 K. Combining with the negative Hall coefficient
reported previously, the negative thermopower definetly indicates that the
carrier in is electron-type. The nonlinear temperature dependence of
thermopower below 150 K is explained by the electron-phonon interaction
renormalization effects. The thermal conductivity is of the order for
intermetallics, larger than that of borocarbides and smaller than . In
the normal state, the electronic contribution to the total thermal conductivity
is slightly larger than the lattice contribution. The transverse
magnetoresistance of is also measured. It is found that the classical
Kohler's rule is valid above 50 K. An electronic crossover occures at , resulting in the abnormal behavior of resistivity, thermopower, and
magnetoresistance below 50 K.Comment: Revised on 12 September 2001, Phys. Rev. B in pres
Zonotopes and four-dimensional superconformal field theories
The a-maximization technique proposed by Intriligator and Wecht allows us to
determine the exact R-charges and scaling dimensions of the chiral operators of
four-dimensional superconformal field theories. The problem of existence and
uniqueness of the solution, however, has not been addressed in general setting.
In this paper, it is shown that the a-function has always a unique critical
point which is also a global maximum for a large class of quiver gauge theories
specified by toric diagrams. Our proof is based on the observation that the
a-function is given by the volume of a three dimensional polytope called
"zonotope", and the uniqueness essentially follows from Brunn-Minkowski
inequality for the volume of convex bodies. We also show a universal upper
bound for the exact R-charges, and the monotonicity of a-function in the sense
that a-function decreases whenever the toric diagram shrinks. The relationship
between a-maximization and volume-minimization is also discussed.Comment: 29 pages, 15 figures, reference added, typos corrected, version
published in JHE
Effective damping in the Raman cooling of trapped ions
We present a method of treating the interaction of a single three-level ion
with two laser beams. The idea is to apply a unitary transformation such that
the exact transformed Hamiltonian has one of the three levels decoupled for all
values of the detunings. When one takes into account damping, the evolution of
the system is governed by a master equation usually obtained via adiabatic
approximation under the assumption of far-detuned lasers. To go around the
drawbacks of this technique, we use the same unitary transformation to get an
effective master equation.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures. To appear in Optics Communication
Mathematics of Gravitational Lensing: Multiple Imaging and Magnification
The mathematical theory of gravitational lensing has revealed many generic
and global properties. Beginning with multiple imaging, we review
Morse-theoretic image counting formulas and lower bound results, and
complex-algebraic upper bounds in the case of single and multiple lens planes.
We discuss recent advances in the mathematics of stochastic lensing, discussing
a general formula for the global expected number of minimum lensed images as
well as asymptotic formulas for the probability densities of the microlensing
random time delay functions, random lensing maps, and random shear, and an
asymptotic expression for the global expected number of micro-minima. Multiple
imaging in optical geometry and a spacetime setting are treated. We review
global magnification relation results for model-dependent scenarios and cover
recent developments on universal local magnification relations for higher order
caustics.Comment: 25 pages, 4 figures. Invited review submitted for special issue of
General Relativity and Gravitatio
Numerical approximation of the Euler-Poisson-Boltzmann model in the quasineutral limit
This paper analyzes various schemes for the Euler-Poisson-Boltzmann (EPB)
model of plasma physics. This model consists of the pressureless gas dynamics
equations coupled with the Poisson equation and where the Boltzmann relation
relates the potential to the electron density. If the quasi-neutral assumption
is made, the Poisson equation is replaced by the constraint of zero local
charge and the model reduces to the Isothermal Compressible Euler (ICE) model.
We compare a numerical strategy based on the EPB model to a strategy using a
reformulation (called REPB formulation). The REPB scheme captures the
quasi-neutral limit more accurately
cGMP stimulation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Cl- channels co-expressed with cGMP-dependent protein kinase type II but not type Ibeta
In order to investigate the involvement of cGMP-dependent protein kinase
(cGK) type II in cGMP-provoked intestinal Cl- secretion, cGMP-dependent
activation and phosphorylation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane
conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl- channels was analyzed after expression of
cGK II or cGK Ibeta in intact cells. An intestinal cell line which stably
expresses CFTR (IEC-CF7) but contains no detectable endogenous cGK II was
infected with a recombinant adenoviral vector containing the cGK II coding
region (Ad-cGK II) resulting in co-expression of active cGK II. In these
cells, CFTR was activated by membrane-permeant analogs of cGMP or by the
cGMP-elevating hormone atrial natriuretic peptide as measured by 125I-
efflux assays and whole-cell patch clamp analysis. In contrast, infection
with recombinant adenoviruses expressing cGK Ibeta or luciferase did not
convey cGMP sensitivity to CFTR in IEC-CF7 cells. Concordant with the
activation of CFTR by only cGK II, infection with Ad-cGK II but not Ad-cGK
Ibeta enabled cGMP analogs to increase CFTR phosphorylation in intact
cells. These and other data provide evidence that endogenous cGK II is a
key mediator of cGMP-provoked activation of CFTR in cells where both
proteins are co-localized, e. g. intestinal epithelial cells. Furthermore,
they demonstrate that neither the soluble cGK Ibeta nor cAMP-dependent
protein kinase are able to substitute for cGK II in this cGMP-regulated
function
Effect of polyethylene mulches on soil temperature and tomato yield in plastic greenhouse
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