Anatomia foliar e composição de óleos essenciais : aplicações na taxonomia de Eriope Humb. & Bonpl. ex Bentham (Lamiaceae)

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Botânica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, 2017.Ervas, subarbustos e arbustos de Eriope fazem parte da flora endêmica dos campos rupestres e ambientes de cerrado do Brasil, e apresenta-se como um gênero brasileiro de Lamiaceae formado por mais de 32 espécies nativas. Foram realizadas coletas de material botânico nos estados da Bahia, Goiás, Minas Gerais, Tocantins e Mato Grosso visando ampliar o número de registros de distribuição das especies. Devido à semelhança morfológica entre alguns taxa e o potencial medicinal foram realizados estudos anatômicos e extração de óleos objetivando dar suporte para futuros trabalhos de investigação filogenética, farmacológica e para a taxonomia do gênero. Nestas expedições, duas novas espécies, Eriope harleyi e Eriope paradise, foram descobertas e publicadas, adicionalmente outras 4 prováveis espécies novas estão em processo de descrição para futuras publicações. Dados da localização geográfica de 36 taxa e correlações com o tipo de habitat são fornecidos. Para o estudo da anatomia foliar, foram utilizadas técnicas de microscopia óptica e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) que viabilizaram a análise comparativa de 60 caracteres que permitiram a montagem de chave dicotômica que contribui para identificação mais precisa de espécies deste gênero, os dados de 12 espécies são inéditos. Devido a produção de óleos essenciais, concentrados nas folhas, foi realizada a análise qualitativa e quantitativa do óleo essencial de nove espécies de Eriope que ocorrem no cerrado brasileiro, 99 componentes foram identificados através da extração por hidrodestilação e análise da composição por cromatografia gasosa associada a espectometria de massas, 60-100% dos componentes pertencem a classe dos sesquiterpenos, análise comparativa e potenciais marcadores químicos para o gênero são discutidos. A análise conjunta das caracteristicas da morfologia externa, da anatomia foliar e da composição química dos óleos essenciais contribuíram para a identificação mais precisa de taxa do gênero e fornecem subsídios para futuros trabalhos de filogenia, ecologia e pesquisas aplicadas envolvendo Eriope e outros gêneros da subtribo Hyptidinae.Herbs, shrubs and small trees of Eriope are part of the endemic flora of campos rupestres and cerrado environments of Brazil, and for this reason its named as a Brazilian genus of Lamiaceae, formed by more than 32 native species. Were maked expeditions to collect botanical material in the Bahia, Goiás, Minas Gerais, Tocantins and Mato Grosso aimed at increasing the number of records of species distribution. Due to the morphological similarity between some taxa and medicinal potential were make leaf anatomy studies and essential oils extractions aimed providing support for future phylogenetic works, pharmacologic and taxonomy of genus. In these expeditions, two new species, Eriope harleyi and Eriope paradise were discovered and published, in addition another 4 probable new species are in process of description for future publications. Data of location geographic of 36 taxa and correlations with habitat are provided. To leaf anatomy study was used protocols of light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) that made viable the comparative analysis of 60 characters that allowed the composition of dichotomic key that contributes for more accurate identification of genus species, data of 12 species are original. Due of essential oil production, concentrate in leafs, it was made a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the essential oils of nine species of Eriope that occur in the Brazilian cerrado, 99 compounds were identified through of hydrodistillation and analysis of composition by gas chromatograph associate with mass spectrometry, 60-100% of compounds belong to sesquiterpenes class, comparative analysis and potential chemical markers for the genus are discussed. The aggregate analysis of external morphology characteristics, leaf anatomy and essential oils chemical composition contribute to more precise identification of genus taxa and provided subsidies for future works on phylogeny, ecology and applied research involving Eriope and other genera of the Hyptidinae subtribe

Morfologia, anatomia foliar e fitoquímica de espécies de Eriope Humb. & Bonpl. ex Benth. (Lamiaceae) ocorrentes em Goiás

O gênero Eriope pertence à família Lamiaceae, subfamília Nepetoideae, tribo Ocimeae e subtribo Hyptidinae e possui cerca de 30 espécies, sendo 20 restritas aos campos rupestres do Brasil. No estado de Goiás, a Chapada dos Veadeiros, a Serra de Caldas, a Serra dos Cristais, a Serra Dourada e a Serra dos Pireneus são ambientes rupestres nos quais ocorrem espécies desse gênero. Além desses locais, também foram localizados espécimes de Eriope nos municípios de Colinas do Sul, Goiânia, Mineiros, Planaltina de Goiás, Uruaçu e Vianópolis, todos no bioma Cerrado. Foram registradas as localizações geográficas utilizando GPS e identificados exemplares férteis de cada táxon, os quais foram depositados no herbário UFG. Para a análise anatômica, fragmentos do pecíolo e da lâmina foliar foram fixados em FAA 70% por 24 h e, posteriormente, armazenados em etanol 70%. As lâminas histológicas foram confeccionadas utilizando-se as técnicas usuais de microtécnica vegetal. Para as análises químicas dos óleos essenciais e a prospecção fitoquímica das folhas, coletaram-se ramos, os quais foram armazenados em temperatura ambiente por 4 semanas em sacos de papel perfurados. As folhas secas foram trituradas, obtendo-se aproximadamente 30 g de pó para cada táxon. Os óleos essenciais foram extraídos por hidrodestilação em aparelho de Clevenger modificado e, em seguida, analisados usando cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massa (CG-EM). Foram estudados oito taxa: Eriope complicata Mart. ex Benth., Eriope crassipes Benth. subsp. crassipes var. acutifolia Benth., Eriope crassipes Benth. subsp. crassipes var. macrophylla Benth., Eriope crassipes Benth. subsp. cristalinae Harley, Eriope foetida A. St. Hil. ex Benth., Eriope velutina Epling e dois taxa coletados nos municípios de Alto Paraíso de Goiás e Cristalina, Goiás, descritos como espécies novas. A subespécie Eriope crassipes Benth. subsp. cristalinae Harley apresenta características morfológicas e anatômicas distintas dentro do grupo; desse modo, sugerese manter o status específico Eriope cristalinae (Harley) C. T. Rizzini e usar Eriope crassipes Benth. subsp. cristalinae Harley como sinonímia. Características como densa pilosidade, cutícula espessa, células epidérmicas com paredes anticlinais sinuosas, hipoderme, folhas anfiestomáticas, mesofilo isobilateral, ampla faixa de células esclerenquimáticas externamente ao floema e presença de esclereídes permitem concluir que as espécies estudadas são xeromórficas. Foram elaboradas chaves de identificação usando dados morfológicos e anatômicos para os taxa em estudo. As espécies apresentam heterosídeos antraquinônicos, flavonóides e saponínicos, triterpenos e compostos fenólicos. Em relação aos óleos essenciais, dos 58 componentes identificados, ?-copaeno, aromadendreno e ?-copaeno-4?-ol são comuns a todos os taxa

Morphology, leaf anatomy and phytochemical of species of Eripe Humb. & Bompl. ex Benth (Lamiacea) collected in Goias

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:16:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissert2e3_schliewe.pdf: 95832 bytes, checksum: 9e10097684779e5ba25e91fcdc7796bb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-26Eriope with about 30 species is a genus of the family Lamiaceae, subfamily Nepetoideae, tribe Ocimae and subtribe Hyptidinae, out of this 20 species are restricted to the campos rupestres of the Brazil. In Goiás, the Chapada dos Veadeiros, Serra de Caldas, Serra dos Cristais, Serra Dourada and Serra dos Pireneus are typical rupestres environments. Beyond these places, in environments of cerrado, in the cities of Colinas do Sul, Goiânia, Mineiros, Planaltina de Goiás, Uruaçu and Vianópolis were located specimens of Eriope. The aim of this work is to supply new morphologic, anatomical and phytochemistry data to contribute with the taxonomy of Eriope. Eight taxa were collected: Eriope complicata Mart. ex Benth., Eriope crassipes Benth., Eriope crassipes Benth. subsp. crassipes var. acutifolia Benth., Eriope crassipes Benth. subsp. crassipes var. macrophylla Benth., Eriope crassipes Benth. subsp. cristalinae Harley, Eriope foetida A. St. Hil. ex Benth., Eriope velutina Epling and one taxon that probaly it s a new species endemic of Cristalina-GO region. The subspecies Eriope crassipes Benth. subsp. cristalinae Harley presented morphologic and anatomical characteristics differential among group, in this way the suggestion is the manutetion specific status Eriope cristalinae (Harley) C. T. Rizzini and in synonim Eriope crassipes Benth. subsp. cristalinae Harley. Identification keys were elaborate using morphologic and anatomical data for the taxa in study. The species presented anthraquinone flavonic and saponin heterosides; triterpenes and fenolic compound. In the essential oils 58 compounds were identificated, α-copaen, Aromadendrene and copaen-4α-ol were identificated in all the taxa. Key words: morpho-anatomical,O gênero Eriope com cerca de 30 espécies, pertence à família Lamiaceae, subfamília Nepetoideae, tribo Ocimeae e subtribo Hyptidinae, dessas 20 espécies são restritas aos campos rupestres do Brasil. Em Goiás, a Chapada dos Veadeiros, Serra de Caldas, Serra dos Cristais, Serra Dourada e a Serra dos Pireneus, são ambientes rupestres, nos quais ocorrem espécies desse gênero. Além destes locais, em ambientes de cerrado, nos municípios de Colinas do Sul, Goiânia, Mineiros, Planaltina de Goiás, Uruaçu e Vianópolis foram localizados espécimes de Eriope. Este trabalho objetiva fornecer dados morfológicos, anatômicos e fitoquímicos visando contribuir com a taxonomia de Eriope. Foram coletados oito taxa: Eriope complicata Mart. ex Benth., Eriope crassipes Benth., Eriope crassipes Benth. subsp. crassipes var. acutifolia Benth., Eriope crassipes Benth. subsp. crassipes var. macrophylla Benth., Eriope crassipes Benth. subsp. cristalinae Harley, Eriope foetida A. St. Hil. ex Benth. e Eriope velutina Epling e um taxon, Eriope sp., que provavelmente trata-se de uma nova espécie endêmica na região de Cristalina-GO. A subespécie Eriope crassipes Benth. subsp. cristalinae Harley apresentou características morfológicas e anatômicas distintas dentro do grupo, desse modo sugere-se manter o status específico Eriope cristalinae (Harley) C. T. Rizzini e como sinonímia Eriope crassipes Benth. subsp. cristalinae Harley. Foram elaboradas chaves de identificação usando dados morfológicos e anatômicos para os taxa em estudo. As espécies estudadas apresentaram: Heterosídeos antraquinônicos, flavonóides e saponínicos; triterpenos e compostos fenólicos. Em relação aos óleos essenciais dos 58 componentes identificados, α-copaeno, Aromadendreno, β- copaeno α-4-ol são comuns a todos os taxa

Morfo-Anatomia de Folhas de Apeiba tibourbou Aubl. Malvaceae

Apeiba tibourbou Aubl. – Malvaceae é uma árvore, conhecida por escova de macaco, encontrada nos trópicos (América Central e Sul), em florestas, preferencialmente matas e capoeiras. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar estudo morfo-anatômico de folhas desta espécie. Amostras de ramos férteis foram coletadas de indivíduos, nativos (Serra Dourada – Mossâmedes, Go.) e cultivados (Goiânia, GO.) no Instituto do Trópico Subúmido (ITS) – PUC Goiás. Realizaram-se cortes à mão livre e o destacamento da epiderme. Analisou o revestimento epidérmico, a organização do mesofilo e do sistema vascular. O pecíolo varia sua estrutura anatômica: região proximal contorno elíptico, mediana circular e distal plano convexo. A epiderme é unisseriada com células de formatos variados e contornos retilíneos. O sistema vascular é do tipo colateral e bicolateral. O mesofilo é dorsiventral com células coletoras, idioblastos com drusas, cavidades e canais mucilaginosos

Individualized versus Fixed Positive End-expiratory Pressure for Intraoperative Mechanical Ventilation in Obese Patients: A Secondary Analysis

Background: General anesthesia may cause atelectasis and deterioration in oxygenation in obese patients. The authors hypothesized that individualized positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) improves intraoperative oxygenation and ventilation distribution compared to fixed PEEP. Methods: This secondary analysis included all obese patients recruited at University Hospital of Leipzig from the multicenter Protective Intraoperative Ventilation with Higher versus Lower Levels of Positive End-Expiratory Pressure in Obese Patients (PROBESE) trial (n = 42) and likewise all obese patients from a local single-center trial (n = 54). Inclusion criteria for both trials were elective laparoscopic abdominal surgery, body mass index greater than or equal to 35 kg/m2, and Assess Respiratory Risk in Surgical Patients in Catalonia (ARISCAT) score greater than or equal to 26. Patients were randomized to PEEP of 4 cm H2O (n = 19) or a recruitment maneuver followed by PEEP of 12 cm H2O (n = 21) in the PROBESE study. In the single-center study, they were randomized to PEEP of 5 cm H2O (n = 25) or a recruitment maneuver followed by individualized PEEP (n = 25) determined by electrical impedance tomography. Primary endpoint was Pao2/inspiratory oxygen fraction before extubation and secondary endpoints included intraoperative tidal volume distribution to dependent lung and driving pressure. Results: Ninety patients were evaluated in three groups after combining the two lower PEEP groups. Median individualized PEEP was 18 (interquartile range, 16 to 22; range, 10 to 26) cm H2O. Pao2/inspiratory oxygen fraction before extubation was 515 (individual PEEP), 370 (fixed PEEP of 12 cm H2O), and 305 (fixed PEEP of 4 to 5 cm H2O) mmHg (difference to individualized PEEP, 145; 95% CI, 91 to 200; P < 0.001 for fixed PEEP of 12 cm H2O and 210; 95% CI, 164 to 257; P < 0.001 for fixed PEEP of 4 to 5 cm H2O). Intraoperative tidal volume in the dependent lung areas was 43.9% (individualized PEEP), 25.9% (fixed PEEP of 12 cm H2O) and 26.8% (fixed PEEP of 4 to 5 cm H2O) (difference to individualized PEEP: 18.0%; 95% CI, 8.0 to 20.7; P < 0.001 for fixed PEEP of 12 cm H2O and 17.1%; 95% CI, 10.0 to 20.6; P < 0.001 for fixed PEEP of 4 to 5 cm H2O). Mean intraoperative driving pressure was 9.8 cm H2O (individualized PEEP), 14.4 cm H2O (fixed PEEP of 12 cm H2O), and 18.8 cm H2O (fixed PEEP of 4 to 5 cm H2O), P < 0.001. Conclusions: This secondary analysis of obese patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery found better oxygenation, lower driving pressures, and redistribution of ventilation toward dependent lung areas measured by electrical impedance tomography using individualized PEEP. The impact on patient outcome remains unclear

Individualized versus Fixed Positive End-expiratory Pressure for Intraoperative Mechanical Ventilation in Obese Patients: A Secondary Analysis

Background: General anesthesia may cause atelectasis and deterioration in oxygenation in obese patients. The authors hypothesized that individualized positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) improves intraoperative oxygenation and ventilation distribution compared to fixed PEEP. Methods: This secondary analysis included all obese patients recruited at University Hospital of Leipzig from the multicenter Protective Intraoperative Ventilation with Higher versus Lower Levels of Positive End-Expiratory Pressure in Obese Patients (PROBESE) trial (n = 42) and likewise all obese patients from a local single-center trial (n = 54). Inclusion criteria for both trials were elective laparoscopic abdominal surgery, body mass index greater than or equal to 35 kg/m2, and Assess Respiratory Risk in Surgical Patients in Catalonia (ARISCAT) score greater than or equal to 26. Patients were randomized to PEEP of 4 cm H2O (n = 19) or a recruitment maneuver followed by PEEP of 12 cm H2O (n = 21) in the PROBESE study. In the single-center study, they were randomized to PEEP of 5 cm H2O (n = 25) or a recruitment maneuver followed by individualized PEEP (n = 25) determined by electrical impedance tomography. Primary endpoint was Pao2/inspiratory oxygen fraction before extubation and secondary endpoints included intraoperative tidal volume distribution to dependent lung and driving pressure. Results: Ninety patients were evaluated in three groups after combining the two lower PEEP groups. Median individualized PEEP was 18 (interquartile range, 16 to 22; range, 10 to 26) cm H2O. Pao2/inspiratory oxygen fraction before extubation was 515 (individual PEEP), 370 (fixed PEEP of 12 cm H2O), and 305 (fixed PEEP of 4 to 5 cm H2O) mmHg (difference to individualized PEEP, 145; 95% CI, 91 to 200; P < 0.001 for fixed PEEP of 12 cm H2O and 210; 95% CI, 164 to 257; P < 0.001 for fixed PEEP of 4 to 5 cm H2O). Intraoperative tidal volume in the dependent lung areas was 43.9% (individualized PEEP), 25.9% (fixed PEEP of 12 cm H2O) and 26.8% (fixed PEEP of 4 to 5 cm H2O) (difference to individualized PEEP: 18.0%; 95% CI, 8.0 to 20.7; P < 0.001 for fixed PEEP of 12 cm H2O and 17.1%; 95% CI, 10.0 to 20.6; P < 0.001 for fixed PEEP of 4 to 5 cm H2O). Mean intraoperative driving pressure was 9.8 cm H2O (individualized PEEP), 14.4 cm H2O (fixed PEEP of 12 cm H2O), and 18.8 cm H2O (fixed PEEP of 4 to 5 cm H2O), P < 0.001. Conclusions: This secondary analysis of obese patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery found better oxygenation, lower driving pressures, and redistribution of ventilation toward dependent lung areas measured by electrical impedance tomography using individualized PEEP. The impact on patient outcome remains unclear

Effect of Intraoperative High Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) With Recruitment Maneuvers vs Low PEEP on Postoperative Pulmonary Complications in Obese Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial (vol 321, pg 2292, 2019)

status: publishe

Effect of intraoperative high Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) with recruitment maneuvers vs low PEEP on postoperative pulmonary complications in obese patients : a randomized clinical trial

IMPORTANCE An intraoperative higher level of positive end-expiratory positive pressure (PEEP) with alveolar recruitment maneuvers improves respiratory function in obese patients undergoing surgery, but the effect on clinical outcomes is uncertain. OBJECTIVE To determine whether a higher level of PEEP with alveolar recruitment maneuvers decreases postoperative pulmonary complications in obese patients undergoing surgery compared with a lower level of PEEP. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Randomized clinical trial of 2013 adults with body mass indices of 35 or greater and substantial risk for postoperative pulmonary complications who were undergoing noncardiac, nonneurological surgery under general anesthesia. The trial was conducted at 77 sites in 23 countries from July 2014-February 2018; final follow-up: May 2018. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to the high level of PEEP group (n = 989), consisting of a PEEP level of 12 cm H2O with alveolar recruitment maneuvers (a stepwise increase of tidal volume and eventually PEEP) or to the low level of PEEP group (n = 987), consisting of a PEEP level of 4 cm H2O. All patients received volume-controlled ventilation with a tidal volume of 7 mL/kg of predicted body weight. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcomewas a composite of pulmonary complications within the first 5 postoperative days, including respiratory failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome, bronchospasm, new pulmonary infiltrates, pulmonary infection, aspiration pneumonitis, pleural effusion, atelectasis, cardiopulmonary edema, and pneumothorax. Among the 9 prespecified secondary outcomes, 3 were intraoperative complications, including hypoxemia (oxygen desaturation with SpO(2) 1 minute). RESULTS Among 2013 adults who were randomized, 1976 (98.2%) completed the trial (mean age, 48.8 years; 1381 [69.9%] women; 1778 [90.1%] underwent abdominal operations). In the intention-to-treat analysis, the primary outcome occurred in 211 of 989 patients (21.3%) in the high level of PEEP group compared with 233 of 987 patients (23.6%) in the low level of PEEP group (difference, -2.3%[95% CI, -5.9% to 1.4%]; risk ratio, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.83 to 1.04]; P =.23). Among the 9 prespecified secondary outcomes, 6 were not significantly different between the high and low level of PEEP groups, and 3 were significantly different, including fewer patients with hypoxemia (5.0% in the high level of PEEP group vs 13.6% in the low level of PEEP group; difference, -8.6%[95% CI, -11.1% to 6.1%]; P <.001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among obese patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia, an intraoperative mechanical ventilation strategy with a higher level of PEEP and alveolar recruitment maneuvers, compared with a strategy with a lower level of PEEP, did not reduce postoperative pulmonary complications

Effect of Intraoperative High Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) With Recruitment Maneuvers vs Low PEEP on Postoperative Pulmonary Complications in Obese Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

IMPORTANCE An intraoperative higher level of positive end-expiratory positive pressure (PEEP) with alveolar recruitment maneuvers improves respiratory function in obese patients undergoing surgery, but the effect on clinical outcomes is uncertain