147 research outputs found

    Nuclear shell-model calculations for 6Li and 14N with different NN potentials

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    Two ``phase-shift equivalent'' local NN potentials with different parametrizations, Reid93 and NijmII, which were found to give nearly identical results for the triton by Friar et al, are shown to yield remarkably similar results for 6Li and 14N in a (0+2)hw no-core space shell-model calculation. The results are compared with those for the widely used Hamada-Johnson hard-core and the original Reid soft-core potentials, which have larger deuteron D-state percentages. The strong correlation between the tensor strength and the nuclear binding energy is confirmed. However, many nuclear-structure properties seem to be rather insensitive to the details of the NN potential and, therefore, cannot be used to test various NN potentials. (Submitted to Phys. Rev. C on Nov. 9, 1993 as a Brief Report.)Comment: 12 text pages and 1 figure (Figure available upon request), University of Arizona Physics Preprint (Number not yet assigned

    Homogenization in magnetic-shape-memory polymer composites

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    Magnetic-shape-memory materials (e.g. specific NiMnGa alloys) react with a large change of shape to the presence of an external magnetic field. As an alternative for the difficult to manifacture single crystal of these alloys we study composite materials in which small magnetic-shape-memory particles are embedded in a polymer matrix. The macroscopic properties of the composite depend strongly on the geometry of the microstructure and on the characteristics of the particles and the polymer. We present a variational model based on micromagnetism and elasticity, and derive via homogenization an effective macroscopic model under the assumption that the microstructure is periodic. We then study numerically the resulting cell problem, and discuss the effect of the microstructure on the macroscopic material behavior. Our results may be used to optimize the shape of the particles and the microstructure.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figure

    Single-Particle Spin-Orbit Strengths of the Nucleon and Hyperons by SU6 Quark-Model

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    The quark-model hyperon-nucleon interaction suggests an important antisymmetric spin-orbit component. It is generated from a color analogue of the Fermi-Breit interaction dominating in the one-gluon exchange process between quarks. We discuss the strength S_B of the single-particle spin-orbit potential, following the Scheerbaum's prescription. Using the SU6 quark-model baryon-baryon interaction which was recently developed by the Kyoto-Niigata group, we calculate NN, Lambda N and Sigma N G-matrices in symmetric nuclear matter and apply them to estimate the strength S_B. The ratio of S_B to the nucleon strength S_N =~ -40 MeV*fm^5 is (S_Lambda)/(S_N) =~ 1/5 and (S_Sigma)/(S_N) =~ 1/2 in the Born approximation. The G-matrix calculation of the model FSS modifies S_Lambda to (S_Lambda)/(S_N) =~ 1/12. For S_N and S_Sigma, the effect of the short-range correlation is comparatively weak against meson-exchange potentials with a short-range repulsive core. The significant reduction of the Lambda single-particle potential arises from the combined effect of the antisymmetric LS force, the flavor-symmetry breaking originating from the strange to up-down quark-mass difference, as well as the effect of the short-range correlation. The density dependence of S_B is also examined.Comment: 26 page

    Shell Structure of Exotic Nuclei

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    Theoretical predictions and experimental discoveries for neutron-rich, short-lived nuclei far from stability indicate that the familiar concept of nucleonic shell structure should be considered as less robust than previously thought. The notion of single-particle motion in exotic nuclei is reviewed with a particular focus on three aspects: (i) variations of nuclear mean field with neutron excess due to tensor interactions; (ii) importance of many-body correlations; and (iii) influence of open channels on properties of weakly bound and unbound nuclear states.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures, submitted to Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics, Proc. of the International School of Nuclear Physics 28th Course, Radioactive Beams, Nuclear Dynamics and Astrophysics, Erice-Sicily: 16 - 24 September 200

    Microscopic calculation of proton capture reactions in mass 60-80 region and its astrophysical implications

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    Microscopic optical potentials obtained by folding the DDM3Y interaction with the densities from Relativistic Mean Field approach have been utilized to evaluate S-factors of low-energy (p,γ)(p,\gamma) reactions in mass 60-80 region and to compare with experiments. The Lagrangian density FSU Gold has been employed. Astrophysical rates for important proton capture reactions have been calculated to study the behaviour of rapid proton nucleosynthesis for waiting point nuclei with mass less than A=80

    Baryon-baryon interactions in the SU6 quark model and their applications to light nuclear systems

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    Interactions between the octet-baryons (B8) in the spin-flavor SU6 quark model are investigated in a unified coupled-channels framework of the resonating-group method (RGM). The interaction Hamiltonian for quarks consists of the phenomenological confinement potential, the color Fermi-Breit interaction with explicit flavor-symmetry breaking (FSB), and effective-meson exchange potentials of scalar-, pseudoscalar- and vector-meson types. The model parameters are determined to reproduce the properties of the nucleon-nucleon (NN) system and the low-energy cross section data for the hyperon-nucleon (YN) interactions. The NN phase shifts and many observables for the NN and YN interactions are nicely reproduced. Properties of these B8 B8 interactions are analyzed through the G-matrix calculations. The B8 B8 interactions are then applied to some of few-baryon systems and light Lambda-hypernuclei in a three-cluster Faddeev formalism using two-cluster RGM kernels. An application to the three-nucleon system shows that the quark-model NN interaction can give a sufficient triton binding energy with little room for the three-nucleon force. The hypertriton Faddeev calculation indicates that the attraction of the Lambda N interaction in the 1S0 state is only slightly more attractive than that in the 3S1 state. In the application to the alpha alpha Lambda system, the energy spectrum of 9 Lambda Be is well reproduced using the alpha alpha RGM kernel. The very small spin-orbit splitting of the 9 Lambda Be excited states is also discussed. In the Lambda Lambda alpha Faddeev calculation, the NAGARA event for 6 Lambda Lambda He is found to be consistent with the quark-model Lambda Lambda interaction.Comment: 77 pages, 33 figures, review article to be published in Prog. Part. Nucl. Phy

    Pflegende Angehörige im Kontext der Inanspruchnahme ambulanter Unterstützungsangebote bei der häuslichen Pflege eines chronisch pflegebedürftigen älteren Menschen

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    Ein Großteil der pflegebedürftigen Personen in Deutschland wird im häuslichen Umfeld von ihren Angehörigen gepflegt. Um die häusliche Pflege aufrechtzuerhalten, stehen verschiedene ambulante Unterstützungsangebote zur Verfügung. Jedoch wurden in der Forschung bisher geringe Nutzungsraten berichtet. In der vorliegenden Dissertation wird zum einen die aktuelle und in Zukunft gewünschte Inanspruchnahme von acht ambulanten Entlastungsangeboten, die auf regelmäßige Nutzung abzielen, betrachtet. Zum anderen werden Faktoren, die mit der Nutzung des ambulanten Pflegedienstes in Zusammenhang stehen, untersucht. Im Rahmen der Querschnittstudie „Benefits of Being a Caregiver“ wurden pflegende Angehörige von Pflegebedürftigen zur Pflegesituation, Pflegebelastung sowie Nutzung der ambulanten Unterstützungsangebote befragt. Es zeigte sich, dass pflegende Angehörige trotz hoher Belastung und des Wunsches nach Entlastung selten auf ambulante Unterstützungsangebote zugreifen. Zwischen der gegenwärtigen und der künftig gewünschten Nutzung gibt es eine Diskrepanz. Eine Ausnahme stellt der ambulante Pflegedienst dar, das am häufigsten genutzte Angebot. Der Wunsch der Nicht-Nutzer überwiegt bei den meisten Angeboten die tatsächliche Nutzung um ein Vielfaches. Zudem waren Angehörige von Pflegebedürftigen mit Demenz stärker belastet und nutzen daher häufiger direkt entlastende Angebote. Die Nutzung des ambulanten Pflegedienstes war häufiger bei steigenden Pflegebedarf der Pflegebedürftigen und bei Angehörigen, die erstens nicht in partnerschaftlicher Beziehung zum Pflegebedürftigen standen und zweitens mit der Pflege weniger zurechtkamen. Obwohl pflegende Angehörige den Bedarf und Wunsch nach Entlastung formulieren, werden ambulante Unterstützungsangebote lediglich von einer Minderheit genutzt. Jedoch möchte mehr als die Hälfte der Angehörigen, die bisher keine Angebote nutzten, künftig mindestens zwei in Anspruch nehmen. Der ambulante Pflegedienst wird insbesondere von Töchtern und Schwiegertöchtern genutzt, die nicht in räumlicher Nähe leben und häufig noch erwerbstätig sind. Es wurde deutlich, dass der Bedarf nach formeller Entlastung vor der eigentlichen Inanspruchnahme spürbar wird. Zudem nehmen die Vereinbarkeitskonflikte aufgrund von Erwerbstätigkeit oder Kindererziehung bei gleichzeitiger Pflege zu. Daher sollten pflegende Angehörige frühzeitig und individuell beraten werden, um den Pflegeprozess gut zu organisieren und weitere Schritte konkret zu planen. Politisch sollten alle Anstrengungen unternommen werden für die Anwerbung und Ausbildung der Fachkräfte, um die erforderlichen Angebote (weiterhin) verfügbar und erreichbar zu machen

    Marital separation : a religious life crisis event

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    Thesis (M.A.)--Michigan State University. Department of Psychology, 1987Includes bibliographical references (pages 76-79
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