Juzgando crímenes de lesa humanidad: avances, retrocesos y qué podemos aprender de la experiencia,

The article presents the context of the last military dictatorship in Argentina, and the subsequent path in the prosecution of crimes against humanity that took place during that period. It describes how the amnesties and pardon laws were used in the Argentine case, and analyzes the incompatibility of these mechanisms in the prosecution of crimes against humanity, due to the international commitments and obligations to protect the human rights subscribed by the States. In addition, it explores the role of victims and the concept of reparation, a fundamental element in this kind of processes and particularly in criminal law. El artículo expone el contexto de la última dictadura militar en la Argentina, y el posterior camino en el juzgamiento de los crímenes de lesa humanidad que tuvieron lugar en ese período. Se describe cómo se utilizaron las leyes amnistías e indulto en el caso argentino, y se analiza la incompatibilidad de estos mecanismos en el juzgamiento de delitos de lesa humanidad, en virtud de los compromisos y obligaciones internacionales de protección de los derechos humanos de suscriptos por los Estados. Además, se estudia el rol de las víctimas y el concepto de reparación, un elemento primordial en este tipo de procesos y en particular en el derecho penal

Strategy-dependent effects of working-memory limitations on human perceptual decision-making

Deliberative decisions based on an accumulation of evidence over time depend on working memory, and working memory has limitations, but how these limitations affect deliberative decision-making is not understood. We used human psychophysics to assess the impact of working-memory limitations on the fidelity of a continuous decision variable. Participants decided the average location of multiple visual targets. This computed, continuous decision variable degraded with time and capacity in a manner that depended critically on the strategy used to form the decision variable. This dependence reflected whether the decision variable was computed either: (1) immediately upon observing the evidence, and thus stored as a single value in memory; or (2) at the time of the report, and thus stored as multiple values in memory. These results provide important constraints on how the brain computes and maintains temporally dynamic decision variables. &nbsp;</p

Statistical Multifragmentation in Central Au+Au Collisions at 35 MeV/u

Multifragment disintegrations, measured for central Au + Au collisions at E/A = 35 MeV, are analyzed with the Statistical Multifragmentation Model. Charge distributions, mean fragment energies, and two-fragment correlation functions are well reproduced by the statistical breakup of a large, diluted and thermalized system slightly above the multifragmentation threshold.Comment: Latex file, 8 pages + 4 postscript figures available upon request from [email protected]

Multifragment production in Au+Au at 35 MeV/u

Multifragment disintegration has been measured with a high efficiency detection system for the reaction $Au + Au$ at $E/A = 35\ MeV$. From the event shape analysis and the comparison with the predictions of a many-body trajectories calculation the data, for central collisions, are compatible with a fast emission from a unique fragment source.Comment: 9 pages, LaTex file, 4 postscript figures available upon request from [email protected]. - to appear in Phys. Lett.

Identificación de nematodos gastrointestinales en búfalos faenados en un frigorífico de Corrientes, Argentina

The objective of this work was to identify and quantify the adult specimens of gastrointestinal nematodes in buffaloes slaughtered in Virasoro (Corrientes, Argentina) by means of necropsy of the digestive tract, and through coprological studies, in order to correlate them with the count of eggs per gram of fecal stool and the proportion of parasite genera of third stage larvae of stool culture. A total of 4 necropsies corresponding to young male buffaloes were carried out, of which 50% presented adult specimens of Trichostrongylus sp and Haemonchus sp located only in the abomasum. In the coprological studies, 75% of the samples presented counts of egg per gram of fecal stool, with only 2 cases with the identification of third stage larvae of Haemonchus sp in stool cultures.El objetivo del trabajo fue identificar y cuantificar los ejemplares adultos de nematodos gastrointestinales en los búfalos faenados en el frigorífico de Virasoro (Corrientes) mediante la necropsia parasitaria del tubo digestivo y, por intermedio de estudios coprológicos, correlacionarlos con el recuento de huevos por gramo de materia fecal y la proporción de géneros parasitarios de larvas de tercer estadio de los coprocultivos. Se realizaron en total 4 necropsias parasitarias que correspondieron a búfalos machos jóvenes, de los cuales el 50% presentó ejemplares adultos de Trichostrongylus sp y Haemonchus sp ubicados solamente en el abomaso. En los estudios coprológicos, el 75% de las muestras presentaron recuentos de huevos por gramo de materia fecal, de los cuales únicamente en dos casos se pudieron identificar larvas de tercer estadio de Haemonchus sp en los coprocultivos

Resistencia a los antihelmínticos en bovinos del nordeste de Corrientes (Argentina)

El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar la prevalencia de la resistencia a los antiparasitarios contra los nematodes gastrointestinales de bovinos en el nordeste de Corrientes. El área de estudio comprendió 4 establecimientos ganaderos de los departamentos Ituzaingó y Santo Tomé. El periodo de estudio abarcó de marzo de 2014 a agosto de 2016. La unidad de análisis fue el ternero destete. El método utilizado fue el test de reducción del conteo de huevos. La prevalencia de la resistencia antihelmíntica a la ivermectina en los 4 establecimientos ganaderos muestreados en este estudio fue del 100% y para el benzimidazol fue del 25%. Los géneros parasitarios resistentes a la ivermectina fueron Haemonchus y Cooperia. Estos resultados demuestran un aumento de la resistencia antihelmíntica si se comparan con estudios previos realizados en otros lugares del país

A large geometric distortion in the first photointermediate of rhodopsin, determined by double-quantum solid-state NMR

Double-quantum magic-angle-spinning NMR experiments were performed on 11,12-C-13(2)-retinylidene-rhodopsin under illumination at low temperature, in order to characterize torsional angle changes at the C11-C12 photoisomerization site. The sample was illuminated in the NMR rotor at low temperature (similar to 120 K) in order to trap the primary photointermediate, bathorhodopsin. The NMR data are consistent with a strong torsional twist of the HCCH moiety at the isomerization site. Although the HCCH torsional twist was determined to be at least 40A degrees, it was not possible to quantify it more closely. The presence of a strong twist is in agreement with previous Raman observations. The energetic implications of this geometric distortion are discussed

15N photo-CIDNP MAS NMR analysis of reaction centers of Chloracidobacterium thermophilum

-OH Chl a have been shown to be the primary electron acceptors in green sulfur bacteria and heliobacteria, respectively, and thus a Chl a molecule serves this role in all known homodimeric type-1 RCs.Solid state NMR/Biophysical Organic Chemistr

Personality traits and cancer survival: a Danish cohort study

We conducted a population-based prospective cohort study in Denmark to investigate associations between the personality traits and cancer survival. Between 1976 and 1977, 1020 residents of the Copenhagen County completed a questionnaire eliciting information on personality traits and various health habits. The personality traits extraversion and neuroticism were measured using the short form of the Eysenck Personality Inventory. Follow-up in the Danish Cancer Registry for 1976–2002 revealed 189 incidents of primary cancer and follow-up for death from the date of the cancer diagnosis until 2005 revealed 82 deaths from all-cause in this group. A Cox proportional-hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) of death from all-cause according to extraversion and neuroticism adjusting for potential confounding factors. A significant association was found between neuroticism and risk of death (HR, 2.3 (95% CI=1.1–4.7); Linear trend P=0.04) but not between extraversion and risk of death (HR, 0.9 (0.4–1.7); Linear trend P=0.34). Similar results were found when using cancer-related death. Stratification by gender revealed a strong positive association between neuroticism and the risk of death among women (Linear trend P=0.03). This study showed that neuroticism is positively associated with cancer survival. Further research on neuroticism and cancer survival is needed