Wenn Prinzen musizieren und »was Freulein Sophia auf dem Instrumente meisten theils schlagen kan«: Anmerkungen um die verschollene Handschrift Mscr.Dresd.J.307 »Tabulatur Buch Auff der Cythar«

Der vorliegende Beitrag befasst sich mit einem nur kleinen Zeitraum der Musikgeschichte des Dresdner Hofes, der Entstehungszeit der uns überlieferten Tabulatur-Handschriften, die Ende des 16. Jahrhunderts für die Musikausbildung der jungen Herrschaft am Dresdener Hof angefertigt wurden. Die regierenden sächsischen Fürsten dieser Zeit waren: Kurfürst August (bis 1586), Christian I. (bis 1591) bis zur Volljährigkeit Christians II. 1601, der Kuradministrator Herzog Friedrich Wilhelm von Sachsen-Weimar, Christians II. ab Volljährigkeit bis 1611 und Johann Georg I. bis 1656. Für die späteren Regenten, die neben ihren politischen Aufgaben auch tatkräftig Einfluss auf das kulturelle Leben ihres Hofes hatten, blieb die frühe höfische Musikpflege sicher nicht ohne Auswirkungen. Denn das festliche Leben am Hofe, das maßgeblich durch die Musik der hochentwickelten kursächsischen Hofkapelle geprägt wurde, bedurfte der großzügigen Ausstattung und Unterstützung durch den jeweils regierenden Kurfürsten. Der Gesang- und Instrumentalunterricht der Prinzen durch angesehene Lehrer, die oft Kapellmitglieder waren, wurde bisher kaum wahrgenommen, ebenso die instrumentale Musik, die für die Musikausbildung gedacht war, wurde bisher wenig berücksichtigt. Drei Handschriften mit instrumentaler Musik sind uns als Tabulatur überliefert, die zu Unterrichtszwecken aber auch für den Gebrauch bei kirchlichen- und höfischen Festen bestimmt waren. Es handelt sich dabei um zwei handschriftlich aufgezeichnete Tabulaturen für die Zister, jeweils eine für Herzog Christian und Herzog Johann Georg sowie eine Tabulatur für ein Orgel-Instrument, die für Prinzessin Sophie geschrieben wurde. In diesem Beitrag soll ein besonderes Augenmerk auf das bislang kaum beachtete Musikinstrument der Zister und die Musik für dieses Instrument gelenkt werden. Musik für die Zister ist in den überlieferten Drucken und Handschriften überwiegend für die vierchörige Zister eingerichtet, wesentlich spärlicher ist überlieferte Musik für die sechschörige Zister2. Das Repertoire der beiden Tabulaturbücher aus Dresden für die sechschörige Zister ist deshalb eine nicht unwesentliche Ergänzung zu den bekannten süddeutschen- und italienischen Tabulaturen und im Allgemeinen auch eine Bereicherung der Musik für die Zister, der in der Zupfinstrumentenmusik ohnehin nur ein Nischendasein zugewiesen ist. Von den beiden Zister-Tabulaturen ist das Tabulaturbuch von Herzog Johann Georg leider als Kriegsverlust zu beklagen. Der Beitrag wird sich um eine Vervollständigung des Puzzles um das zu beklagende Manuskript: »Tabulatur Buch Auff der Cythar. Johannes Georgius Hertzogk zu Sachßen.« von 1592 bemühen. Das gemeinsam verwendete Repertoire der Tabulaturbücher legt nahe, die Rekonstruktion der verschollenen Handschrift, in einem Komplex mit den existierenden Handschriften: dem Tabulaturbuch von Herzog Christian und dem Tabulaturbuch für ›Fräulein Sophie‹ von August Nörmiger anzugehen. Eine Fülle von Beiträgen zu den Tabulaturbüchern, aus fast zwei Jahrhunderten, die verstreut in unterschiedlichsten Publikationen veröffentlicht wurden, sind in diese Arbeit eingeflossen (das umfangreiche Literaturverzeichnis möge dies belegen). Ausgewählte Beispiele zu verschiedenen Themen, die in diesem Beitrag angesprochen werden, sind zur Erläuterung im Notenteil in moderner Notenschrift und Tabulaturschrift abgebildet

Barriers and facilitators affecting treatment uptake behaviours for patients with eating disorders: A systematic review synthesising patient, caregiver and clinician perspectives

ObjectiveA significant treatment gap exists between persons affected by eating disorders (ED), and those engaging with treatment services. This systematic review aims to provide a thorough understanding of the barriers and facilitators affecting eating disorder treatment engagement, including a synthesis of the perspectives of patients, caregivers and healthcare professionals. MethodThis systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Studies were retrieved from three databases (PubMed, PsycInfo, Web of Science) and were screened and assessed independently by two raters. A thematic analysis was completed to determine the key barriers and facilitators reported by the included studies. ResultsA total of 73 studies were included. From these studies, 12 barriers and 13 facilitators were identified. Patients reported stigma, shame and guilt as the most prominent barrier affecting their engagement with treatment services. Meanwhile, caregivers and healthcare professionals reported a lack of eating disorder knowledge of clinicians as the most important barrier. Positive social support was cited as the most prominent facilitator to promote help-seeking. DiscussionPatients, caregivers and healthcare professionals experience a variety of barriers and facilitators to treatment uptake for ED. Interventions addressing barriers and facilitators could increase treatment engagement, including anti-stigma campaigns and positive peer-support interventions

Quality of Life Changes Following Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation and Participation in a Mixed-Type, Moderate-intensity, Exercise Program

Summary:The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the impact of undertaking peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBST) on quality of life (QoL), and to determine the effect of participating in a mixed-type, moderate-intensity exercise program on QoL. It was also an objective to determine the relationship between peak aerobic capacity and QoL in PBST patients. QoL was assessed via the CARES questionnaire and peak aerobic capacity by a maximal graded treadmill test, pretransplant (PI), post transplant (PII) and following a 12-week intervention period (PIII). At PII, 12 patients were divided equally into a control or exercise intervention group. Undergoing a PBST was associated with a statistically but not clinically significant decline in QoL (P<0.05). Following the intervention, exercising patients demonstrated an improved QoL when compared with pretransplant ratings (P<0.01) and nonexercising transplant patients (P<0.05). Moreover, peak aerobic capacity and QoL were correlated (P<0.05). The findings demonstrated that exercise participation following oncology treatment is associated with a reduction in the number and severity of endorsed problems, which in turn leads to improvements in global, physical and psychosocial QoL. Furthermore, a relationship between fitness and QoL exists, with those experiencing higher levels of fitness also demonstrating higher QoL.Bone Marrow Transplantation (2004) 33, 553-558. doi:10.1038/sj.bmt.1704378 Published online 12 January 200

Binge eating disorder

Binge eating disorder (BED) is characterized by regular binge-eating episodes during which affected individuals ingest comparably large amounts of food and experience loss of control over their eating behavior. The current worldwide prevalence of BED is estimated to be at least 1.3%. BED is commonly associated with obesity and with somatic and mental health comorbidities. People suffering from BED experience considerable burden and impairments in quality of life, at the same time, BED often goes undetected and untreated. The aetiology of BED is complex, including genetic and environmental factors as well as neuroendocrinological and neurobiological contributions. Neurobiological findings highlight impairments in the domains of reward processing, inhibitory control and emotion regulation in people affected by BED, and these neurobiological domains are currently targets for emerging treatment approaches. Psychotherapy is currently the first-line treatment for people with BED. Recognition and research on BED has increased since its inclusion into DSM-5, however, continuing efforts are needed to understand underlying mechanisms of BED and to improve prevention and treatment outcomes for this disorder. These efforts should also include screening, identification, and implementation of evidence-based interventions in routine clinical practice settings like primary care and mental health outpatient clinics

Rewards that are near increase impulsive action

International audienceIn modern society, the natural drive to behave impulsively in order to obtain rewards must often be curbed. A continued failure to do so is associated with a range of outcomes including drug abuse, pathological gambling, and obesity. Here, we used virtual reality technology to investigate whether spatial proximity to rewards has the power to exacerbate the drive to behave impulsively toward them. We embedded two behavioral tasks measuring distinct forms of impulsive behavior, impulsive action, and impulsive choice, within an environment rendered in virtual reality. Participants responded to three-dimensional cues representing food rewards located in either near or far space. Bayesian analyses revealed that participants were significantly less able to stop motor actions when rewarding cues were near compared with when they were far. Since factors normally associated with proximity were controlled for, these results suggest that proximity plays a distinctive role in driving impulsive actions for reward

The applicability of a weight loss grading system in cancer cachexia: a longitudinal analysis

Background A body mass index (BMI) adjusted weight loss grading system (WLGS) is related to survival in patients with cancer. The aim of this study was to examine the applicability of the WLGS by confirming its prognostic validity, evaluating its relationship to cachexia domains, and exploring its ability to predict cachexia progression. Methods An international, prospective observational study of patients with incurable cancer was conducted. For each patient, weight loss grade was scored 0–4. Weight loss grade 0 represents a high BMI with limited weight loss, progressing through to weight loss grade 4 representing low BMI and a high degree of weight loss. Survival analyses were used to confirm prognostic validity. Analyses of variance were used to evaluate the relationship between the WLGS and cachexia domains [anorexia, dietary intake, Karnofsky performance status (KPS), and physical and emotional functioning]. Cox regression was used to evaluate if the addition of cachexia domains to the WLGS improved prognostic accuracy. Predictive ability of cachexia progression was assessed by estimating proportion of patients progressing to a more advanced weight loss grade. Results One thousand four hundred six patients were analysed (median age 66 years; 50% female, 63% KPS ≤ 70). The overall effect of the WLGS on survival was significant as expressed by change in −2 log likelihood (P < 0.001) and persisted after adjustment for age, sex, and cancer type and stage (P < 0.001). Median survival decreased across the weight loss grades ranging from 407 days (95% CI 312–502)—weight loss grade 0 to 119 days (95% CI 93–145)—weight loss grade 4. All cachexia domains significantly deteriorated with increasing weight loss grade, and deterioration was greatest for dietary intake, with a difference corresponding to 0.87 standard deviations between weight loss grades 0 and 4. The addition of KPS, anorexia, and physical and emotional functioning improved the prognostic accuracy of the WLGS. Likelihood of cachexia progression was greater in patients with weight loss grade 2 (39%) than that with weight loss grade 0 (19%) or 1 (22%). Conclusions The WLGS is related to survival, cachexia domains, and the likelihood of progression. Adding certain cachexia domains to the WLGS improves prognostic accuracy

Fire behavior modeling for operational decision-making

Simulation frameworks are necessary to facilitate decision-making to many fire agencies. An accurate estimation of fire behavior is required to analyze potential impact and risk. Applied research and technology together have improved the implementation of fire modeling, and decision-making in operational environments.Dr Cardil acknowledges the support of Technosylva USA and Wageningen University in his research stays in the USA and the Netherlands to develop this work. The authors of this paper acknowledges the support of the EUfunded PYROLIFE project (Reference: 860787; https://pyrolife.lessonsonfire.eu/), a project in which a new generation of experts will be trained in integrated wildfire management

How do cancer patients manage unattainable personal goals and regulate their emotions?

Objectives. This article addressed the role of goal adjustment (i.e. disengagement from unattainable goals and reengagement in alternative goals) and cognitive emotion-regulation strategies (i.e. rumination, catastrophizing, positive refocusing) in cancer patients' psychological well-being. We expected that patients who are better able to disengage from unattainable goals, identify alternative goals, and regulate their emotions by positive refocusing and not engaging in rumination and catastrophizing would experience less negative and more positive affect. Design. In this cross-sectional study, data were collected using a self-report questionnaire. Methods. Cancer patients (N = 108) were recruited on a psychoeducational meeting aimed to inform them about the illness and its consequences. To examine the relationships between goal adjustment, cognitive emotion-regulation strategies, and affect, Pearson correlations were calculated and regression analyses were performed. Results. Regression analyses showed that reengaging in meaningful goals and focusing on pleasant issues were significantly associated with more positive affect. Focusing on pleasant issues was also significantly associated with less negative affect, whereas rumination and catastrophizing were significantly associated with more negative affect. Conclusions. Goal reengagement as well as cognitive emotion-regulation strategies seems to play an important role in cancer patients' psychological well-being. Health care professionals may assist patients in paying more attention to positive experiences in their daily life and in finding new meaningful goals. Techniques based on mindfulness may be used to assist cancer patients in decreasing the repetitive negative thinking about causes, meanings, and consequences of the illness and helping them to focus attention on the present moment

Evaluation of objective and subjective indicators of death in a period of one year in a sample of prevalent patients under regular hemodialysis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To identify objective and subjective indicators of death in prevalent hemodialysis (HD) patients in a follow-up study of 12 months.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The study included end-stage renal disease patients undergoing HD and analyzed demographic and laboratory data from the dialysis unit's records. Baseline data concerning socioeconomic status, comorbidity, quality of life level, coping style and depression were also assessed. For variables that differed in the comparison between survivors and non-survivors, Cox proportional hazards for death were calculated.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The mortality rate was 13.0%. Non-survivors differed in age, comorbidity, inclusion on the transplant waiting list and physical functioning score. The hazard ratios of death were 8.958 (2.843-28.223; <it>p </it>< 0.001) for comorbidity, 3.992 (1.462-10.902; <it>p </it>= 0.007) for not being on the transplant waiting list, 1.038 (1.012-1.066; <it>p </it>= 0.005) for age, and 0.980 (0.964-0.996; <it>p </it>= 0.014) for physical functioning.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Comorbidity, not being on the transplant waiting list, age and physical functioning, which reflects physical status, must be seen as risk indicators of death among patients undergoing HD.</p

Was There Shortening of the Interval Between Diagnosis and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer in Southern Netherlands Between 2005 and 2008?

Background: The Dutch Cancer Society proposed that the interval between diagnosis and start of treatment should be less than 15 working days. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the interval from diagnosis to treatment for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) shortened between 2005 and 2008 in hospitals in southern Netherlands. Methods: Patients with CRC diagnosed in six hospitals in southern Netherlands during January to December in 2005 (n = 445) and January to July in 2008 (n = 353) were included. The time between diagnosis and start of treatment was assessed, and the proportion of patients treated within the recommended time (70 years and those with stage I disease. Substantial variation was seen among hospitals. Conclusions: Time to treatment for patients with CRC in southern Netherlands did not shorten between 2005 and 2008. The time to treatment should be reduced to meet the advice of the Dutch Cancer Society