« L’idée fausse qui m’est nécessaire. » : Alexandre Vialatte à l’école de Franz Kafka

Alexandre Vialatte (1901-1971) a traduit presque toute l’oeuvre de Kafka en français tout en élaborant sa propre oeuvre littéraire. Celle-ci est pourtant loin de se situer dans la dépendance de celle de Kafka. Vialatte a en effet été non seulement le traducteur de Kafka mais aussi un critique avisé proposant plusieurs lectures successives qui sont à l’origine des grandes options de la critique actuelle. Les analogies entre les récits de Kafka et les romans de Vialatte restent souvent très vagues : inquiétante étrangeté, folie du classement, culpabilité sans faute, tandis que les emprunts intertextuels directs sont minces. On peut néanmoins suivre le fil qui conduit de Kafka à Vialatte dans La dame du Job et Le fidèle berger, romans du secret et de la consigne, dans La maison du joueurde flûte, parabole d’inspiration kafkaïenne, et dans Les fruits du Congo, le grand roman de 1951. On perçoit ainsi plus précisément ce que Vialatte appelle « l’idée fausse qui m’est nécessaire » en parlant de sa lecture personnelle de Kafka mise au service de sa propre création romanesque.Alexander Vialatte (1901-1971) translated almost all of Kafka’s works into French, and was also an influential Kafka scholar; his various readings of the opus form the basis for major orientations in current criticism. During the same period, Vialatte was also writing his own works, which are largely independant of those of Kafka. While the analogies between the works of these two authors are often vague — a troubling oddness, an obsession with classification, feelings of guilt without misdeed — and although direct borrowings are scarce, it is nonetheless possible to discover affinities between Vialatte and Kafka in La dame du Job and Le fidèle berger, novels of secrets and rules, in La maison du joueur de flûte, a Kafkaesque parbole, and in Les fruits du Congo, a novel published in 1951. In examining these novels, one may better understand the nature of the enigmatic “ false idea that is crucial to me ” of which Vialatte spoke when discussing how his personal reading of Kafka contributed to his own literary creations

Cross-Sectional but Not Prospective Association of Accelerometry-Derived Physical Activity With Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents

Objectives: This study aims to quantify the cross-sectional and prospective associations between quality of life (QoL) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA).Methods: This study was based on the Swiss children’s Objectively measured PHYsical Activity cohort. The primary endpoint is the overall QoL score and its six dimensions. The main predictor is the average time spent in MVPA per day. Linear mixed effects and linear regression models respectively were used to investigate the cross-sectional and prospective associations between MVPA and QoL.Results: There were 352 participants in the study with complete data from baseline (2013–2015) and follow-up (2019). MVPA was positively associated with overall QoL and physical wellbeing (p = 0.023 and 0.002 respectively). The between-subject MVPA was positively associated with the overall QoL, physical wellbeing, and social wellbeing (p = 0.030, 0.017, and 0.028 respectively). Within-subject MVPA was positively associated with physical wellbeing and functioning at school (p = 0.039 and 0.013 respectively). Baseline MVPA was not associated with QoL 5 years later.Conclusion: Future longitudinal studies should employ shorter follow-up times and repeat measurements to assess the PA and QoL association

Effects of Local Anthropogenic Changes on Potential Malaria Vector Anopheles hyrcanus and West Nile Virus Vector Culex modestus, Camargue, France

Sixty years of environmental modifications have led to strong and rapid effects on the abundance of vector populations

Alien pathogens on the horizon: opportunities for predicting their threat to wildlife

According to the Convention on Biological Diversity, by 2020 invasive alien species (IAS) should be identified and their impacts assessed, so that species can be prioritized for implementation of appropriate control strategies and measures put in place to manage invasion pathways. For one quarter of the IAS listed as the “100 of the world's worst” environmental impacts are linked to diseases of wildlife (undomesticated plants and animals). Moreover, IAS are a significant source of “pathogen pollution” defined as the human-mediated introduction of a pathogen to a new host or region. Despite this, little is known about the biology of alien pathogens and their biodiversity impacts after introduction into new regions. We argue that the threats posed by alien pathogens to endangered species, ecosystems, and ecosystem services should receive greater attention through legislation, policy, and management. We identify 10 key areas for research and action, including those relevant to the processes of introduction and establishment of an alien pathogen and to prediction of the spread and associated impact of an alien pathogen on native biota and ecosystems. The development of interdisciplinary capacity, expertise, and coordination to identify and manage threats was seen as critical to address knowledge gaps

The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance

INTRODUCTION Investment in Africa over the past year with regard to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequencing has led to a massive increase in the number of sequences, which, to date, exceeds 100,000 sequences generated to track the pandemic on the continent. These sequences have profoundly affected how public health officials in Africa have navigated the COVID-19 pandemic. RATIONALE We demonstrate how the first 100,000 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from Africa have helped monitor the epidemic on the continent, how genomic surveillance expanded over the course of the pandemic, and how we adapted our sequencing methods to deal with an evolving virus. Finally, we also examine how viral lineages have spread across the continent in a phylogeographic framework to gain insights into the underlying temporal and spatial transmission dynamics for several variants of concern (VOCs). RESULTS Our results indicate that the number of countries in Africa that can sequence the virus within their own borders is growing and that this is coupled with a shorter turnaround time from the time of sampling to sequence submission. Ongoing evolution necessitated the continual updating of primer sets, and, as a result, eight primer sets were designed in tandem with viral evolution and used to ensure effective sequencing of the virus. The pandemic unfolded through multiple waves of infection that were each driven by distinct genetic lineages, with B.1-like ancestral strains associated with the first pandemic wave of infections in 2020. Successive waves on the continent were fueled by different VOCs, with Alpha and Beta cocirculating in distinct spatial patterns during the second wave and Delta and Omicron affecting the whole continent during the third and fourth waves, respectively. Phylogeographic reconstruction points toward distinct differences in viral importation and exportation patterns associated with the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants and subvariants, when considering both Africa versus the rest of the world and viral dissemination within the continent. Our epidemiological and phylogenetic inferences therefore underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic on the continent and highlight key insights and challenges, for instance, recognizing the limitations of low testing proportions. We also highlight the early warning capacity that genomic surveillance in Africa has had for the rest of the world with the detection of new lineages and variants, the most recent being the characterization of various Omicron subvariants. CONCLUSION Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve. This is important not only to help combat SARS-CoV-2 on the continent but also because it can be used as a platform to help address the many emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats in Africa. In particular, capacity building for local sequencing within countries or within the continent should be prioritized because this is generally associated with shorter turnaround times, providing the most benefit to local public health authorities tasked with pandemic response and mitigation and allowing for the fastest reaction to localized outbreaks. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century

Le Pain des rêves (1942) : enfance vécue, enfance rêvée

Cette communication a pour but de réparer un oubli qui est aussi un peu une injustice. Dans la chronologie, certes indicative et bien lacunaire, qui clôt le volume intitulé, L’Ère du récit d’enfance, publié en 2005 aux Presses Universitaires d’Artois, le Pain des rêves ne figure pas. À ma décharge, La Maison du peuple y est bien à sa place, en 1927, grâce à Bruno Curatolo qui en parlait dans son intervention et qui malheureusement ne parle pas du Pain des rêves. Quant à L’Herbe d’oubli, texte..

Romanesques animaux

International audienc

Albert Cohen, le grandiose et le dérisoire

International audienc

Le cauchemar de Solal

Il y a dans Belle du Seigneur, le grand roman d’Albert Cohen publié en 1968, un passage particulièrement énigmatique. Il s’agit d’un texte assez court, de moins d’une page, situé à la fin du grand monologue intérieur de Solal, au chapitre xciv – environ une centaine de pages avant la fin du roman, qui en compte mille. Ce rêve effrayant de Solal est une vision apocalyptique aussi soudaine qu’énigmatique, même si elle offre quelque parenté avec des passages visionnaires antérieurs du chapitre x..

Le récit d’enfance dans La Maison rose

Comment le roman La Maison rose réinscrit-il dans le cadre du récit d’enfance au lieu de s’en tenir à la logique du « récit de filiation » (orientée vers les figures ancestrales), ressaisit-il l’« évanescent » âge d’or des origines ? Comment Bergounioux parvient-il à retrouver, ou à traduire, les sensations et les émotions d’une enfance qui ne se limite pas aux toutes premières années de la vie ? Le livre met en place un étrange rapport au temps peint comme à la fois linéaire, discontinu et circulaire. Une identité flottante se constitue, prenant appui sur la résurrection d’un monde disparu et sur l’intériorisation des profondeurs du passé