Phyladelphia positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia

O cromossomo Filadélfia (Ph1) é a alteração citogenética mais comum da Leucemia Linfoblástica Aguda do adulto (LLA). Esta alteração citogenética predomina nos adultos com mais de 50 anos e na LLA de origem na célula B, principalmente CD10 positiva. O diagnóstico requer a análise citogenética e a pesquisa do mRNA do gene BCR-ABL no sangue periférico ou na medula óssea. A LLA Ph1 apresenta uma sobrevida global em cinco anos inferior a 20% quando tratada com protocolos para LLA. Os poucos casos de cura ocorrem nos pacientes submetidos ao transplante alogênico de medula óssea (TMO). A adição do imatinibe à quimioterapia resultou em melhora na taxa de remissão completa, maior taxa de remissão molecular completa, maior número de pacientes aptos para realizar o TMO, uma maior sobrevida livre de eventos e maior sobrevida global, embora o tempo de seguimento seja ainda muito curto. Entretanto, a taxa de recaídas e o aparecimento de mutações do BCR-ABL resistentes ao imatinibe ainda são preocupantes. No futuro, novos inibidores de tirosina quinase poderão ser incorporados ao tratamento da LLA Ph1.The Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1) is the most frequent abnormality in acute adult lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Ph1 positive ALL is more frequent in over 50-year-old adults, in B-cell ALL and CD10-positive ALL. Diagnosis is based on the identification of the BCR-ABL gene mRNA in peripheral blood or bone marrow. The 5-year overall survival of patients with Ph1 positive ALL treated with chemotherapy alone is less than 20%. A few cases may be cured by allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The addition of imatinib to the chemotherapeutic treatment has resulted in more complete remissions, more complete molecular responses, more patients able to perform stem cell transplantation, better event-free survival and better overall survival, although the study follow-up period is very short so far. High relapse rates and the emergence of BCR-ABL mutants resistant to imatinib are still significant. In the future, newer tyrosine-kinase inhibitors may be added to the chemotherapy

The integration of the traditional Jewish physician into modern American medicine

Thesis (B.A.) in Anthropology -- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1989.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 44-45)Microfiche of typescript. [Urbana, Ill.]: Photographic Services, University of Illinois, U of I Library, [1989]. 2 microfiches (51 frames): negative.s 1989 ilu n

Matemática educativa: una visión –ilustrada– de su evolución

En un esfuerzo por fortalecer el carácter de disciplina científica de la matemática educativa, varios investigadores han escrito ensayos dedicados a su evolución. En ellos han explicado cómo su objeto de estudio y sus métodos se han ido ampliando, cómo fueron surgiendo nuevas preguntas y nuevas maneras de responderlas. Entendemos que es necesario, para que la disciplina no quede sólo en el plano de la investigación teórica, que estas explicaciones sobre su evolución se vinculen explícitamente con la enseñanza de la matemática. En este artículo ilustramos, mediante propuestas concretas de aula, los diferentes momentos propuestos en Cantoral y Farfán (2003), escrito que versa sobre la evolución de la matemática educativa

Bingo das funções

This is an experiential report in the field of functions from a subproject of the Institutional Program of Scholarship for Teaching Initiation - Pibid Mathematic Ufes. We conducted a workshop called "Functions’ Bingo" with the aim of reinforcing the concepts of Domain, Codomain, and Image through the playing of a "bingo" game, as well as practicing equation-solving skills. We performed the workshop in two classrooms of second-year in high school, with students of a public school in the city of Vitória, ES. The content of Linear Functions had been previously taught by the teacher, we reinforced it through a bingo game. This experience highlighted the importance of interactive classes, especially in the field of study of functions, which is often poorly understood by students. Fortunately, most students showed interest in learning through the workshop and actively participated in the project.Trata-se de um relato de experiência na área de funções de um subprojeto do Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência – Pibid Matemática UFES. Realizamos a elaboração de uma oficina chamada Bingo das Funções, com o intuito de fixar os conceitos de Domínio, Contradomínio e Imagem por meio de um bingo, além de exercitar a prática da resolução de equações. Aplicamos a oficina em duas turmas de segundo ano do ensino médio em uma escola pública estadual da cidade de Vitória/ES, a fim de reforçarmos o conteúdo de Função Afim, já trabalhado anteriormente pela professora, por meio de um bingo. Esta experiência nos mostrou a importância de aulas interativas, e principalmente na área de funções, um conteúdo pouco compreendido pelos alunos. A maioria dos alunos se interessaram pela aprendizagem através da oficina, e obtiveram participações efetivas no projeto.

European union leadership in biofuels regulation: Europe as a normative power?

The rapid emergence of the European Union (EU) as a leader in global environmental politics has led many scholars to argue in favour of the EU being a ‘normative power’ in international relations. This paper critically examines the EU's biofuels policy and evaluates whether its attempts to lead by example and shape international practice in this field could support such arguments. Europe's biofuel policies are evaluated through a sustainable development lens, so as to determine the extent to which it has embraced a holistic approach to sustainability. While not dismissing that the identity of the EU is indeed an explanatory factor and that normative intentions may well be regarded as a motivating force, this study argues that an interest-based perspective on international environmental regulation offers a supplementary view of how an actor's preferences for an international regime are shaped. By erecting barriers aimed at shielding its own inefficient domestic biofuels production the EU is in essence placing trade competitiveness and economic growth above environmental protection, thus permitting sustainability concerns to be addressed only in part

Prognostic impact of proliferative index determined by quantitative image analysis and the International Prognostic Index in patients with mantle cell lymphoma

Background: The proliferative index (PI) is a powerful prognostic factor in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL); however, its utility is hampered by interobserver variability. The mantle cell international prognostic index (MIPI) has been reported to have prognostic importance. In this study, we determined the prognostic value of the PI as determined by quantitative image analysis in MCL