Winterization techniques for populations of Apis mellifera ligustica and Apis mellifera carnica in western Montana

Winterization techniques for populations of Apis mellifera ligustica and Apis mellifera carnica in western Montana Agroecology Abstract: The relationship between domestic honey bees (Apis mellifera ligustica and Apis mellifera carnica) and winter in a northern climate was studied to determine an effective, economical, and environmentally-sustainable method to keep the University of Montana Gardens’ colonies alive over the winter. Successfully winterizing bees would kickstart UM Gardens’ pollination and reduce the carbon impact from implementing new colonies every season, ultimately contributing to earlier, healthier and fuller plants and produce for the Food Zoo. The University currently owns two hives containing colonies of Apis mellifera ligustica and Apis mellifera carnica and has failed, thus far, to keep either colony strong enough to survive the winter. Keeping the honey bees alive over the winter will spare UM Gardens from having to buy new packages of bees every year, saving both money and start-up time. Established colonies lower the risk of implementing new colonies every season while reducing any footprint that shipping new bees across the country to Montana may have on the environment, which furthers UM Gardens’ mission of sustainability. I researched different types of winterization techniques from across the world by beekeepers in different climates, ultimately utilizing a combination of successful winterization techniques used by beekeepers in Alberta and Saskatchewan. These methods include using recycled wood chips and burlap for moisture absorption and reclaimed wood for the creation of candy boards. By applying sustainable and effective winterization techniques used in regions with similarly harsh winter climates, I designed and built my own system of winterization to keep the University of Montana’s bees alive over the winter. I applied my design to two hives by feeding the hives two different sugar mixes and building a windbreak. The results of this process will be fully revealed in spring 2020

Master of Arts

thesisRecent controversy en the nation's college campuses has focused the attention of the American people on the Reserve Officers Training Program and the role it plays in providing commissioned officers for the armed forces of the United States. Caught up in the midst of this controversy is the AROTC Instructor whose presence on the University campus is not only being questioned, but also the position he occupies and the recognition he receives. It was the purpose of this study to examine the AROTC Instructor at the University of Utah, his selection and assignment to the faculty, and the response of the students at the University to the instruction lr/hich they received. A review of both official military publications and unofficial sources provided the information concerning the selection and assignment of Army officers as instructors in the AROTe program. Student response was measured by extracting the results of student course evaluations, student opinion polls, and official University studies as they related to this study. Additional information concerning the instructor traits of the AROTC instructors was obtained by evaluating them on the basis of a list of traits developed to form an image for the "Ideal" instructor

Sobre autores agudos, libros ingeniosos: John Donne e a poética da agudeza

Nenhum homen é uma Ilha. John Donne e a Poética da Agudeza Lavinia SilvaresFap-Unifesp Sao Paulo, 2015 296 pp

Thermoelectric properties of two stacking sequences of crystalline GST-225

Pseudobinary GeTe-Sb2Te3 compounds are widely used as phase-change optical materials for DVD-RAM.[3] Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST-225) is used for this propose but the stacking sequence of the stable crystal structure is motive of debate. Pseudobinary compounds there are claimed to be good thermoelectric materials due the large number of intrinsic structural vacancies.[4] Thermoelectric properties for two proposed stacking sequences of GST-225 are computed using DFT[5, 6] and Boltzmann transport equation in the constant relaxation time approximation. After phonon calculations, no dynamic instabilities were found in the Irreducible Brillouin Zone for either of the proposed stacking sequences. One of the stacking sequences shows semiconductor-like density of states (DOS) with a computed gap of 190 meV unlike the other stacking sequence which has a metallic-like DOS. Thermoelectric properties calculation reveals that semiconductor-like structure has the highest value of Seebeck coeffcient (SC)