363 research outputs found

    Die politische Religion. Eine Untersuchung ĂŒber den Ursprung des Verfalls in der Geschichte

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    Der vierte Band der "Hamburger Historischen Forschungen" umfasst in erster Linie die Edition eines unveröffentlichten Textes. Autor ist der Theologe Prof. Dr. Dr. Paul SchĂŒtz (1891–1985), der von 1940 bis 1952 Hauptpastor an der Hamburger Hauptkirche St. Nikolai war und zugleich als hauptamtlicher Dozent und spĂ€ter als Professor der Theologie an der Kirchlichen Hochschule Hamburg lehrte. Er gehört zu den ersten, die ein Konzept der politischen Religion entwickelten. Sein 1935 verfasster Beitrag konnte damals nicht publiziert werden. Heute ist eine Edition dieses Beitrages zum einen wichtig fĂŒr die Theologie- und Kirchengeschichte. Zum anderen gibt es seit einigen Jahren in der historischen Forschung eine intensive Diskussion ĂŒber die in den Dreißigerjahren des 20. Jahrhunderts entwickelte Interpretation des „Dritten Reiches“ als „politische Religion“. Dieses Modell, das Diktaturen, insbesondere den Nationalsozialismus, als „politische Religion“ versteht, wird im Allgemeinen Eric Voegelin und Raymond Aron zugeschrieben, die ihre AnsĂ€tze 1938 bzw. 1939 publizierten. Dass Paul SchĂŒtz schon drei bzw. vier Jahre zuvor eine solche Konzeption entwickelt hatte, war bis vor Kurzem nicht bekannt. Die vorliegende Edition kann daher neue Impulse fĂŒr die Debatte ĂŒber die Geschichte und TragfĂ€higkeit dieses Ansatzes geben und sie inhaltlich bereichern.The fourth volume of the series "Hamburger Historische Forschungen" comprises primarily the edition of an unpublished text. The author is the theologian Prof. Dr. Dr. Dr. Paul SchĂŒtz (1891-1985) who was the main pastor at the Hamburg Main Church St. Nikolai from 1940 to 1952. At the same time he taught as a full-time lecturer and later as professor of theology at the Church University of Hamburg. SchĂŒtz was one of the first to develop a concept of political religion. His contribution, written in 1935, could not be published at that time. Today, an edition of this article is important for the history of theology and church history. On the other hand, for some years now there has been an intensive discussion in historical research on the interpretation of the "Third Reich" as a "political religion" developed in the 1930s. This model, which sees dictatorships, especially National Socialism, as a "political religion", is generally attributed to Eric Voegelin and Raymond Aron, who published their approaches in 1938 and 1939 respectively. It was not known until recently that Paul SchĂŒtz had already developed such a concept three or four years earlier. The present edition can therefore provide new impetus for the debate on the history and viability of this approach and enrich its content

    The Rapamycin-sensitive Phosphoproteome Reveals That TOR Controls Protein Kinase A Toward Some But Not All Substrates

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    In yeast TOR and PKA pathways both control cell growth but how TORC1 and PKA signaling are linked is unknown. Here we show that TORC1 inhibition prevents the phosphorylation of some but not all PKA targets. We further demonstrate that TORC1 controls PKA by inhibiting the phosphorylation of the PKA regulatory subunit BCY1 by the MAP kinase MPK1

    Magnetic switching of nanoscale antidot lattices

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    We investigate the rich magnetic switching properties of nanoscale antidot lattices in the 200 nm regime. In-plane magnetized Fe, Co, and Permalloy (Py) as well as out-of-plane magnetized GdFe antidot films are prepared by a modified nanosphere lithography allowing for non-close packed voids in a magnetic film. We present a magnetometry protocol based on magneto-optical Kerr microscopy elucidating the switching modes using first-order reversal curves. The combination of various magnetometry and magnetic microscopy techniques as well as micromagnetic simulations delivers a thorough understanding of the switching modes. While part of the investigations has been published before, we summarize these results and add significant new insights in the magnetism of exchange-coupled antidot lattices.Web of Science775073

    Creativity out of chaos

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    Creativity is said to be highly desired in post-modern and post-industrial organizations Creativity and anarchy on the one hand, and managerialism, on the other, can be seen as different forms of knowledge, two opposed ideals. In many organizational as well as societal reforms we currently observe it is the managerialist ideal that wins over the anarchic. In this paper, we wonder if people fear anarchy? We reflect on the possible reasons for the fear, and we also try to explain why we believe that anarchic organizing should not be avoided or feared

    Instability of condensation in the zero-range process with random interaction

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    The zero-range process is a stochastic interacting particle system that is known to exhibit a condensation transition. We present a detailed analysis of this transition in the presence of quenched disorder in the particle interactions. Using rigorous probabilistic arguments we show that disorder changes the critical exponent in the interaction strength below which a condensation transition may occur. The local critical densities may exhibit large fluctuations and their distribution shows an interesting crossover from exponential to algebraic behaviour.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures; included new simulation data (Fig. 4), small changes in introduction and conclusio

    Improved Sterilization of Sensitive Biomaterials with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide at Low Temperature: Research Article

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    The development of bio-resorbable implant materials is rapidly going on. Sterilization of those materials is inevitable to assure the hygienic requirements for critical medical devices according to the medical device directive (MDD, 93/42/EG). Biopolymer-containing biomaterials are often highly sensitive towards classical sterilization procedures like steam, ethylene oxide treatment or gamma irradiation. Supercritical CO2 (scCO2) treatment is a promising strategy for the terminal sterilization of sensitive biomaterials at low temperature. In combination with low amounts of additives scCO2 treatment effectively inactivates microorganisms including bacterial spores. We established a scCO2 sterilization procedure under addition of 0.25% water, 0.15% hydrogen peroxide and 0.5% acetic anhydride. The procedure was successfully tested for the inactivation of a wide panel of microorganisms including endospores of different bacterial species, vegetative cells of gram positive and negative bacteria including mycobacteria, fungi including yeast, and bacteriophages. For robust testing of the sterilization effect with regard to later application of implant materials sterilization all microorganisms were embedded in alginate/agarose cylinders that were used as Process Challenge Devices (PCD). These PCD served as surrogate models for bioresorbable 3D scaffolds. Furthermore, the impact of scCO2 sterilization on mechanical properties of polysaccharide-based hydrogels and collagen-based scaffolds was analyzed. The procedure was shown to be less compromising on mechanical and rheological properties compared to established low-temperature sterilization methods like gamma irradiation and ethylene oxide exposure as well as conventional steam sterilization. Cytocompatibility of alginate gels and scaffolds from mineralized collagen was compared after sterilization with ethylene oxide, gamma irradiation, steam sterilization and scCO2 treatment. Human mesenchymal stem cell viability and proliferation were not compromised by scCO2 treatment of these materials and scaffolds. We conclude that scCO2 sterilization under addition of water, hydrogen peroxide and acetic anhydride is a very effective, gentle, non-cytotoxic and thus a promising alternative sterilization method especially for biomaterials
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