FROM CAUSES TO RELATIONS: THE EMERGENCE OF A NON-ARISTOTELIAN CONCEPT OF GEOMETRICAL PROOF OUT OF THE QUAESTIO DE CERTITUDINE MATHEMATICARUM

Insofar as many Renaissance thinkers regard Aristotelian philosophy of science as the framework for their understanding of mathematics and its proofs, they consider geometrical proofs as syllogisms using causes. Furthermore, they identify geometrical proofs as demonstrationes potissimae, which are a kind syllogism that provides both the cause and the effect of an event. By questioning this assumption, Piccolomini initiates the so-called Quaestio de certitudine mathematicarum. Several scholars agreed with him. Others either maintained that mathematical proofs are demonstrationes potissimae or tried to prove that at least some mathematical proofs satisfy the conditions for being demonstrationes potissimae. Despite their differences in detail, all participants in the debate recognized Aristotelian scientific theory as the norm. Yet even traditionally Aristotelian answers take on a new meaning by virtue of a new context. This marks the birth of a genuinely new debate which has unwittingly left its Aristotelian roots behind. As a result, geometrical proofs are no longer thought of as being based on causes or principles of being, but on the relationship between the different figures. Such a relationalism opens up the possibility of further development of mathematics

Quality based scheduling for an example of semiconductor manufactory

Quality is an important measurement within a semiconductor manufactory. Due to the fact that yield is directly affected by quality of the manufacturing process, in this paper a quality based scheduling approach will be presented which compares different methods like dispatching, MIP and CP, regarding different objectives. To test the different used methods a benchmark model of a semiconductor manufactory is build up. Here a lithography work center is used in detail where the rest of the fabrication is only build up as a delay station. With this model the repeatability for the example of a lithography step is investigated. Thereby in this investigation it is assumed, that each lithography tool has an offset which is transferred to the structure. Now the quality of a product should be best, if the offset from one layer to the next layer is minimized

A comparison of third-generation semi-invasive arterial waveform analysis with thermodilution in patients undergoing coronary surgery

Uncalibrated semi-invasive continous monitoring of cardiac index (CI) has recently gained increasing interest. The aim of the present study was to compare the accuracy of CI determination based on arterial waveform analysis with transpulmonary thermodilution. Fifty patients scheduled for elective coronary surgery were studied after induction of anaesthesia and before and after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), respectively. Each patient was monitored with a central venous line, the PiCCO system, and the FloTrac/Vigileo-system. Measurements included CI derived by transpulmonary thermodilution and uncalibrated semi-invasive pulse contour analysis. Percentage changes of CI were calculated. There was a moderate, but significant correlation between pulse contour CI and thermodilution CI both before (r(2) = 0.72, P < 0.0001) and after (r(2) = 0.62, P < 0.0001) CPB, with a percentage error of 31% and 25%, respectively. Changes in pulse contour CI showed a significant correlation with changes in thermodilution CI both before (r(2) = 0.52, P < 0.0001) and after (r(2) = 0.67, P < 0.0001) CPB. Our findings demonstrated that uncalibrated semi-invasive monitoring system was able to reliably measure CI compared with transpulmonary thermodilution in patients undergoing elective coronary surgery. Furthermore, the semi-invasive monitoring device was able to track haemodynamic changes and trends

The privacy implications of social robots: Scoping review and expert interviews

In this contribution, we investigate the privacy implications of social robots as an emerging mobile technology. Drawing on a scoping literature review and expert interviews, we show how social robots come with privacy implications that go beyond those of established mobile technology. Social robots challenge not only users’ informational privacy but also affect their physical, psychological, and social privacy due to their autonomy and potential for social bonding. These distinctive privacy challenges require study from varied theoretical perspectives, with contextual privacy and human–machine communication emerging as particularly fruitful lenses. Findings also point to an increasing focus on technological privacy solutions, complementing an evolving legal landscape as well as a strengthening of user agency and literacy

Influences on the Automated Assembly of Hybrid Microsystems with High Accuracy

Nowadays, an ongoing trend of miniaturization of products and components can be observed in nearly all application areas in the world. As for microsystems, a distinction is drawn between monolithic and hybrid microsystems. The latter group requires some kind of assembly process. For the assembly of hybrid microsystems, a high assembly accuracy in the range of a few micrometers is required. In order to reach this accuracy, an assembly system for sensor guided microassembly has been developed at the Collaborative Research Centre 516 “Design and manufacturing of active micro systems”. This paper describes the design of a system for automated assembly of hybrid microsystems. The influences on the accuracy will be analyzed on the basis of an example for an automated assembly process