Tourism and water inequity in Bali: A social-ecological systems analysis

This paper is a social-ecological systems (SES) analysis of tourism and water inequity in Bali. It uses Elinor Ostrom’s SES model to look at the particular niche of Bali’s tourism and water nexus. Re-analysis of previous qualitative research revealed that the vulnerability of the SES was due to numerous characteristics. In particular, user groups are highly diverse, transient and stratified, thereby inhibiting communication and knowledge sharing. This, in combination with weak governance systems and the economic power of the tourism industry, interact to affect declining water resources and the iniquitous impact of this. Whilst there are obvious indications that Bali’s water resources are over stretched, there is no feedback loop to the institutional structures that would help enable appropriate responses from the user groups or governance system

Stability of helium bubbles in alpha-iron: A molecular dynamics study

Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to estimate the dissociation energies of helium interstitials, vacancies and self-interstitial atoms from small helium-vacancy clusters. Several sets of empirical potentials have been tested and compared with available ab initio calculations in order to provide the best combination of potentials to study the stability of small helium bubbles. The behavior of the cluster seems to be better described using Ackland potential for the Fe-Fe interactions and Juslin potential for the Fe-He interactions. From the calculations, it appears that the dissociation energies mainly depend on the helium-to-vacancy ratio rather than the cluster size, The helium/vacancy crossover slightly varies with increasing number of vacancies, but the crossover defining the loop-punching regime decreases strongly with increasing cluster sizes. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Molecular dynamics simulation of radiation damage in bcc tungsten

Molecular dynamics simulations of collision cascades in pure tungsten are performed to assess the primary damage due to irradiation. For short-range interaction the universal potential is used [J.F. Ziegler, J.P. Biersack, U. Littmark, The Stopping and Range of Ions in Solids, Pergamon Press, 1985, p. 41], while for long-range interaction, three different embedded atom method potentials [M.W. Finnis, J.E. Sinclair, Phil. Mag. A 50 (1984) 45; GJ. Ackland, R. Thetford, Phil. Mag. A 56 (1987) 15; P.M. Derlet, D. Nguyen-Manh, S.L. Duclarev, Phys. Rev. B 76 (2007) 054107] are used, namely, Finnis-Sinclair, Ackland -Thetford and Deriet-Nguyen-Manh-Dudarev, the latter providing a more accurate formation energy for the (110) interstitial. The short-range and long-range potentials are smoothly connected. A new approach improving the reliability of such potential fits at short distances is presented. These potentials are then evaluated on the basis of displacement threshold, point defect formation and migration energies, thermal expansion and temperature of melting. Differences in the damage resulting from collision cascades are discussed, (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved