89 research outputs found
Evaluation of Glycemic and Lipid Profile of Offspring of Diabetic Wistar Rats Treated with Malpighia emarginata Juice
Knowing that maternal diabetes is related to hyperglycemia and fetal hyperinsulinemia, which affect the lipid metabolism, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Malpighia emarginata (acerola) juice on the glycemic and lipid profile of offspring of diabetic and nondiabetic Wistar rats. The adult offspring of non-diabetic dams and of dams with severe streptozotocin-induced diabetes were divided into groups: G1, offspring (of control dams) treated with water, G2, offspring (of diabetic dams) treated with water, G3, male offspring (of control dams) treated with acerola juice, and G4, male offspring (of diabetic dams) treated with acerola juice. The offspring of diabetic dams treated with acerola juice showed significantly decreased levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and increased HDL-c. The use of acerola juice is a potential strategy to aid in the prevention of DM and dyslipidemia and its complications or to act as an auxiliary in the treatment of these diseases
Surface-Enhanced Nitrate Photolysis on Ice
Heterogeneous nitrates photolysis is the trigger for many chemical processes occurring in the polar boundary layer and is widely believed to occur in a quasi-liquid layer (QLL) at the surface of ice. The dipole forbidden character of the electronic transition relevant to boundary layer atmospheric chemistry and the small photolysis/photoproducts quantum yields in ice (and in water) may confer a significant enhancement and interfacial specificity to this important photochemical reaction at the surface of ice. Using amorphous solid water films at cryogenic temperatures as models for the disordered interstitial air/ice interface within the snowpack suppresses the diffusive uptake kinetics thereby prolonging the residence time of nitrate anions at the surface of ice. This approach allows their slow heterogeneous photolysis kinetics to be studied providing the first direct evidence that nitrates adsorbed onto the first molecular layer at the surface of ice are photolyzed more effectively than those dissolved within the bulk. Vibrational spectroscopy allows the ~3-fold enhancement in photolysis rates to be correlated with the nitrates’ distorted intramolecular geometry thereby hinting at the role played by the greater chemical heterogeneity in their solvation environment at the surface of ice than in the bulk. A simple 1D kinetic model suggests 1-that a 3(6)-fold enhancement in photolysis rate for nitrates adsorbed onto the ice surface could increase the photochemical NO[subscript 2] emissions from a 5(8) nm thick photochemically active interfacial layer by 30%(60)%, and 2-that 25%(40%) of the NO[subscript 2] photochemical emissions to the snowpack interstitial air are released from the top-most molecularly thin surface layer on ice. These findings may provide a new paradigm for heterogeneous (photo)chemistry at temperatures below those required for a QLL to form at the ice surface
Threshold Effects on Heavy Quark Production in Interactions
The exchange of gluons between heavy quarks produced in interactions
results in an enhancement of their production near threshold. We study QCD
threshold effects in collisions. The results are relevant to
heavy quark production by beamstrahlung and laser back-scattering in future
linear collider experiments. Detailed predictions for top, bottom and charm
production are presented.Comment: 26 pages, 12 figures available in ps upon request, revtex, MAD/PH/701
(revised version
Chemical features of Ganoderma polysaccharides with antioxidant, antitumor and antimicrobial activities
Review aricleGanoderma genus comprises one of the most commonly studied species worldwide, G.
lucidum. However, other Ganoderma species have been also reported as important
sources of bioactive compounds. Polysaccharides are important contributors to the
medicinal properties reported for Ganoderma species, as demonstrated by the numerous
publications, including reviews, on this matter. Yet, what are the chemical features of
Ganoderma polysaccharides that have bioactivity? In the present manuscript, the
chemical features of Ganoderma polysaccharides with reported antioxidant, antitumor
and antimicrobial activities (the most studied worldwide) are analyzed in detail. The
composition of sugars (homo- versus hetero-glucans and other polysaccharides), type of
glycosidic linkages, branching patterns, and linkage to proteins are discussed. Methods
for extraction, isolation and identification are evaluated and, finally, the bioactivity of
polysaccharidic extracts and purified compounds are discussed. The integration of data
allows deduction of structure-activity relationships and gives clues to the chemical
aspects involved in Ganoderma bioactivity
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Some preliminary results of the swimming ability and impingement tolerance of young of the year steelhead trout, king salmon and striped bass
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