Similarities and Differences in the Glycosylation Mechanisms in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Recent years have witnessed a rapid growth in the number and diversity of prokaryotic proteins shown to carry N- and/or O-glycans, with protein glycosylation now considered as fundamental to the biology of these organisms as it is in eukaryotic systems. This article overviews the major glycosylation pathways that are known to exist in eukarya, bacteria and archaea. These are (i) oligosaccharyltransferase (OST)-mediated N-glycosylation which is abundant in eukarya and archaea, but is restricted to a limited range of bacteria; (ii) stepwise cytoplasmic N-glycosylation that has so far only been confirmed in the bacterial domain; (iii) OST-mediated O-glycosylation which appears to be characteristic of bacteria; and (iv) stepwise O-glycosylation which is common in eukarya and bacteria. A key aim of the review is to integrate information from the three domains of life in order to highlight commonalities in glycosylation processes. We show how the OST-mediated N- and O-glycosylation pathways share cytoplasmic assembly of lipid-linked oligosaccharides, flipping across the ER/periplasmic/cytoplasmic membranes, and transferring “en bloc” to the protein acceptor. Moreover these hallmarks are mirrored in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. Like in eukaryotes, stepwise O-glycosylation occurs on diverse bacterial proteins including flagellins, adhesins, autotransporters and lipoproteins, with O-glycosylation chain extension often coupled with secretory mechanisms

Proposal for the integration of the quality management system at the organizational level and of projects of the J + Architecture Company

Desde sus inicios, las organizaciones han buscado herramientas que les permitan hacer más eficientes sus operaciones y aumentar utilidades. Precisamente, este documento aborda la posibilidad de lograr este objetivo a través del mejoramiento en la gestión de proyectos y la calidad organizacional. La gestión de los proyectos se basa fundamentalmente en la administración de todos los recursos necesarios para la realización de la planificación de un único resultado definido. A su vez, desde mediados de los años 80, la calidad se convirtió en un criterio muy importante en las organizaciones, ya que pasó de ser tenida en cuenta sólo en el producto que se entregaba a los clientes finales, a enfocarse también en los procesos de la compañía y la cadena de producción. Por lo anterior, en este estudio se presenta el diagnóstico actual de la gestión de proyectos en la empresa J+Arquitectura, que pertenece al sector de la construcción, y con el cual se obtiene como resultado una propuesta metodológica de integración de la gestión de calidad organizacional con la gestión de proyectos. Finalmente, esta investigación tiene un enfoque mixto y de tipo descriptivo basado en un diseño no experimental y transversal. Así mismo, para la recolección de los datos se utilizaron encuestas y entrevistas aplicadas al equipo de trabajo de la empresa y a sus principales clientes. Como resultado de lo anterior, a la empresa se le entregó una guía de integración de la gestión de proyectos y el sistema de gestión de calidad, que contribuirá en la toma de decisiones y en la alineación de sus proyectos con la estrategia institucional. Esto permitirá optimizar recursos y mantener un mejoramiento continuo en la atención y relación con sus clientes.At present, organizations are looking for tools that allow them to improve their operations and increase their profits, which is why they contemplate the possibility of improving their project management and organizational quality management. As is well known, project management is fundamentally based on the administration of all the resources necessary to carry out the planning, expecting a defined and unique result. Moreover, since the mid- 80s quality became a very important criterion in organizations, as step taken only in account in the product being delivered to end customers, to also focus on Processes Company and its production chain. Therefore, this study presents the current diagnosis of project management in the company J+Arquitectura, company the construction sector and which is obtained as a result a proposed methodology for integrating the management of organizational quality managing their projects. This research has a mixed and descriptive approach, which is based on a non- experimental and cross-sectional design. For data collection, surveys and interviews applied to the company's work team and its main clients were used. Thus it comes to organizing a guide to integrate its project management system quality management, which allows the company to have another instrument for decision-making, aligning projects with organizational strategy, optimizing resources, to maintain continuous improvement in order to continue providing the best service to its customers.Magíster en Gerencia de ProyectosMaestrí

Diferencias de género en el acceso a servicios financieros en Argentina

El presente trabajo busca determinar a través de una investigación cuantitativa de tipo exploratoria, la existencia o no de diferencias de género en el acceso y uso de productos y servicios financieros en Argentina. La investigación se basa en una encuesta realizada por el Banco Central de la República Argentina sobre una muestra de 1224 observaciones de Argentina, administrada a mujeres y hombres mayores de 18 años de distintas zonas geográficas y estratos socioeconómicos. Teniendo en cuenta los grupos de variables, se realiza un análisis descriptivo por género de las mismas a nivel nacional, se presentan las proporciones de las variables para visualizar si existe brechas, se realizan pruebas de Chi-cuadrado para comparar las muestras independientes y; por último se realizan las pruebas de estadísticos de riesgo relativo (RR) y Odd Ratio (OR) a los productos cuyas diferencias resultaron estadísticamente significativas. La principal limitación del trabajo es haber recurrido a datos secundarios, que si bien fueron extraídos de muestras aleatorias, fueron recabadas en 2017 y los resultados pueden cambiar año a año según las condiciones macroeconómicas que atraviese el país. El valor de esta investigación proviene del análisis de los instrumentos financieros clasificados por finalidad económica, tal como los usados para invertir, consumir o ahorrar. Tal como se demuestra en los resultados, las mujeres resultan desfavorecidas en el acceso y uso de instrumentos de ahorro y crédito en contraste con los instrumentos de consumo.Fil: Demarco, María Josefina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Fortini, Jesica Rosa. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Gatti, Angeles Sharim. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Sastre, Marcos Federico. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina

Normative database for separate inner retinal layers thickness using spectral domain optical coherence tomography in Caucasian population

Purpose: Develop the first normative database of the thickness of every inner retinal layer in the macular area in a healthy, Caucasian population between 18 to 87 years old, using Spectralis Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). Methods: On this transversal, observational study, 300 patients between 18 to 87 years old and without an ophthalmological condition were recruited. Macular OCT scans were performed on all patients (Spectralis OCT, Heidelberg Engineering). An axial length measurement, and keratometry were performed using an optical biometer. The volume and thickness of the different macular sectors of the inner retinal layers (retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cells layer (CGL) and inner plexiform layer (IPL)) were analyzed with the Spectralis OCT segmentation software. An eye was randomly selected for each patient. Results: 297 patients (179 females and 118 males) were included in the study. The mean age was 56.07 years (range: 40.50-72). The multivariate analysis showed a positive correlation between the RNFL thickness and the axial length (p < 0.001). The mean central retinal thickness was 278.2 Mm (range: 266-291), the mean central RNFL thickness was 12.61 Mm (range: 11-14), the mean central CGL thickness was 17.63 Mm (range: 14-21) and the mean central IPL thickness was 22.02 Mm (range: 20-25). The multivariate analysis showed a negative correlation between age and CGL thickness and inner IPL thickness (p< 0.001). Conclusion: This study provides a normative database of the volume of each of the inner retinal layers on a Caucasian population

TIPICO IX: report of the 9th interactive infectious disease workshop on infectious diseases and vaccines.

The Ninth Interactive Infectious Disease workshop TIPICO was held on November 22-23, 2018, in Santiago de Compostela, Spain. This 2-day academic experience addressed current and topical issues in the field of infectious diseases and vaccination. Summary findings of the meeting include: cervical cancer elimination will be possible in the future, thanks to the implementation of global vaccination action plans in combination with appropriate screening interventions. The introduction of appropriate immunization programs is key to maintain the success of current effective vaccines such as those against meningococcal disease or rotavirus infection. Additionally, reduced dose schedules might improve the efficiency of some vaccines (i.e., PCV13). New vaccines to improve current preventive alternatives are under development (e.g., against tuberculosis or influenza virus), while others to protect against infectious diseases with no current available vaccines (e.g., enterovirus, parechovirus and flaviviruses) need to be developed. Vaccinomics will be fundamental in this process, while infectomics will allow the application of precision medicine. Further research is also required to understand the impact of heterologous vaccine effects. Finally, vaccination requires education at all levels (individuals, community, healthcare professionals) to ensure its success by helping to overcome major barriers such as vaccine hesitancy and false contraindications

Prevalencia de diabetes en pacientes internados

Introducción: la diabetes mellitus determina elevada morbimortalidad. Los aspectos económico-educacionales inciden en su evolución. Actualmente no hay estudios que evalúen estos aspectos en nuestro medio. Objetivos: analizar la prevalencia de diabetes en pacientes internados, el factor económico-cultural, el nivel de información sobre diabetes y las dificultades para el tratamiento. Método: realizamos una encuesta a 345 pacientes internados, 194 del Hospital Maciel (HM) (octubre 2002) y 151 del Centro Asistencial del Sindicato Médico del Uruguay (CASMU) (marzo 2001). Incluyó un cuestionario sobre aspectos básicos de diabetes. Resultados: la prevalencia de diabetes en pacientes internados fue de 19,1% en el Hospital Maciel y de 13,9% en el CASMU, siendo esta diferencia significativa. El 29% de los pacientes del Hospital Maciel y 56% del CASMU presentaron escolaridades por encima del nivel primario. El nivel de salarios medio fue mayor en el CASMU, con valores de 763 dólares, respecto del Hospital Maciel, con 360 dólares. Superaron 55% de respuestas correctas del cuestionario sobre aspectos básicos de la diabetes 61,9% y 63,8% de las personas internadas en el Hospital Maciel y en el CASMU, respectivamente, siendo esta diferencia no significativa. Para la subpoblación diabética superaron dicho porcentaje 67,8% de pacientes del Hospital Maciel y 90,5% del CASMU, diferencia estadísticamente significativa. El 59% y 53% de los pacientes que refieren tener información sobre diabetes, la obtuvieron de medios de prensa; 60% de diabéticos del Hospital Maciel y 77% del CASMU señalan al factor económico como determinante de las dificultades para llevar a cabo un tratamiento adecuado. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de diabetes en pacientes internados es el doble o el triple (13,9%-19,1%) de la que presenta nuestro país (7%). La población del CASMU tiene un nivel cultural y económico mayor que la del Hospital Maciel. Esta diferencia podría verse reflejada en relación con el nivel de información sobre diabetes solamente en la subpoblación de diabéticos. Los medios de prensa son el origen principal de la información. La mayor dificultad para cumplir con el tratamiento es económica

Pan-Cancer Analysis of lncRNA Regulation Supports Their Targeting of Cancer Genes in Each Tumor Context

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are commonly dys-regulated in tumors, but only a handful are known toplay pathophysiological roles in cancer. We inferredlncRNAs that dysregulate cancer pathways, onco-genes, and tumor suppressors (cancer genes) bymodeling their effects on the activity of transcriptionfactors, RNA-binding proteins, and microRNAs in5,185 TCGA tumors and 1,019 ENCODE assays.Our predictions included hundreds of candidateonco- and tumor-suppressor lncRNAs (cancerlncRNAs) whose somatic alterations account for thedysregulation of dozens of cancer genes and path-ways in each of 14 tumor contexts. To demonstrateproof of concept, we showed that perturbations tar-geting OIP5-AS1 (an inferred tumor suppressor) andTUG1 and WT1-AS (inferred onco-lncRNAs) dysre-gulated cancer genes and altered proliferation ofbreast and gynecologic cancer cells. Our analysis in-dicates that, although most lncRNAs are dysregu-lated in a tumor-specific manner, some, includingOIP5-AS1, TUG1, NEAT1, MEG3, and TSIX, synergis-tically dysregulate cancer pathways in multiple tumorcontexts

Pan-cancer Alterations of the MYC Oncogene and Its Proximal Network across the Cancer Genome Atlas

Although theMYConcogene has been implicated incancer, a systematic assessment of alterations ofMYC, related transcription factors, and co-regulatoryproteins, forming the proximal MYC network (PMN),across human cancers is lacking. Using computa-tional approaches, we define genomic and proteo-mic features associated with MYC and the PMNacross the 33 cancers of The Cancer Genome Atlas.Pan-cancer, 28% of all samples had at least one ofthe MYC paralogs amplified. In contrast, the MYCantagonists MGA and MNT were the most frequentlymutated or deleted members, proposing a roleas tumor suppressors.MYCalterations were mutu-ally exclusive withPIK3CA,PTEN,APC,orBRAFalterations, suggesting that MYC is a distinct onco-genic driver. Expression analysis revealed MYC-associated pathways in tumor subtypes, such asimmune response and growth factor signaling; chro-matin, translation, and DNA replication/repair wereconserved pan-cancer. This analysis reveals insightsinto MYC biology and is a reference for biomarkersand therapeutics for cancers with alterations ofMYC or the PMN

Genomic, Pathway Network, and Immunologic Features Distinguishing Squamous Carcinomas

This integrated, multiplatform PanCancer Atlas study co-mapped and identified distinguishing molecular features of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) from five sites associated with smokin

Spatial Organization and Molecular Correlation of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Using Deep Learning on Pathology Images

Beyond sample curation and basic pathologic characterization, the digitized H&E-stained images of TCGA samples remain underutilized. To highlight this resource, we present mappings of tumorinfiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) based on H&E images from 13 TCGA tumor types. These TIL maps are derived through computational staining using a convolutional neural network trained to classify patches of images. Affinity propagation revealed local spatial structure in TIL patterns and correlation with overall survival. TIL map structural patterns were grouped using standard histopathological parameters. These patterns are enriched in particular T cell subpopulations derived from molecular measures. TIL densities and spatial structure were differentially enriched among tumor types, immune subtypes, and tumor molecular subtypes, implying that spatial infiltrate state could reflect particular tumor cell aberration states. Obtaining spatial lymphocytic patterns linked to the rich genomic characterization of TCGA samples demonstrates one use for the TCGA image archives with insights into the tumor-immune microenvironment