Histochemical characterisation of oocytes of the swordfish <i>Xiphias gladius</i>

This work was partially funded by ICMAN.CSIC and the Spanish projects (MCYT/AGL2005-02478 and AGL2006-13777- CO3-O2/ACU). J.B. Ortiz-Delgado is supported by the Programa Ramón y Cajal (MEC, Spain)

Determinación de órganos diana para la multiplicación y persistencia del virus de la enfermedad de linfocistis (LCDV) en dorada (Sparus aurata, L.)

La enfermedad de linfocistis es la única patología de etiología viral descrita en dorada cultivada En la cuenca mediterr nea, la prevalencia es cercana al 100 , ocasionando graves p rdidas económicas debido a la imposibilidad de comercializar los peces afectados En el presente trabajo se ha abordado el estudio de la patog nesis del virus de la enfermedad de linfocistis (LCDV) en dorada, además se han establecido los órganos implicados en la multiplicación vírica Para ello, se ha diseñado un protocolo de hibridación in situ empleando sondas RNA marcadas con digoxigenina dirigidas contra el gen que codifica la proteína principal de la cápside (MCP) viral, y se ha evaluado en poblaciones de dorada. En paralelo, se ha procedido a la cuantificación del número de copias de genoma viral por PCR a tiempo real y cuantificación relativa de la transcripción del gen que codifica la MCP viral mediante qRT-PCR. Los resultados obtenidos indican que el LCDV establece una infección sistémica en alevines de dorada, pudiendo detectarse señal de hibridación tanto en órganos internos (hígado, bazo, riñón) como en músculo y aleta. También se han observado diversos daños histopatológicos en animales enfermos, mientras que en animales recuperados de la enfermedad estos daños parecen revertir, aunque en estos animales la infección persiste, si bien sólo a niveles detectables mediante PCR a tiempo real.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Levels of copper, zinc, manganese and iron in two fish species from salt marshes of Cadiz Bay (southwest Iberian Peninsula)

The authors analysed copper, iron, manganese and zinc concentrations in liver, gills and muscle in two species of fish from salt marshes on Cadiz Bay: the sole Solea senegalensis (Kaup, 1858) and the killifish Fundulus heteroclitus (Linnaeus, 1758). The highest concentrations of copper and iron, in both species, were found in the liver. The mean values reported were: 977.71 ± 42.92 and 354.42 ± 22.80 μg g⁻¹ for iron and 124.16 ± 15.97 and 60.17 ± 1.95 μg g⁻¹ dry weight for Cu in S. senegalensis and F. heteroclitus, respectively. The distribution pattern of zinc in organs was different in both fish, so S. senegalensis showed the highest values in liver and F. heteroclitus in gills. The results of the present study enabled us to determine the background concentrations of these metals in both species and their distribution in the different organs. These data will constitute a reference for future studies on the evolution of contamination in this area.Se han analizado las concentraciones de los metales cobre, hierro, manganeso y zinc en branquias, músculos e hígado en ejemplares de dos especies de peces: Solea senegalensis (Kaup, 1858) y Fundulus heteroclitus (Linnaeus, 1758) recolectados en las marismas de la bahía de Cádiz (suroeste de la península Ibérica). Las concentraciones más elevadas para hierro y cobre, en ambas especies, se encontraron en el hígado. Los valores medios registrados fueron: 977,71 ± 42,92 y 354,42 ± 22,80 μg g⁻¹ en el caso del Fe, y 124,16 ± 15,97 y 60,17 ± 1,95 μg g⁻¹ peso seco para el Cu en S. senegalensis y F. heteroclitus, respectivamente. El comportamiento del zinc fue diferente en ambas especies, ya que mientras en S. senegalensis el hígado registró los valores más elevados, en F. heteroclitus éstos se hallaron en branquias. Los resultados obtenidos permiten determinar la concentración basal de estos metales en estas especies y su distribución en los órganos analizados, y constituyen una referencia en estudios posteriores de la evolución de la contaminación en esta zona.Instituto Español de Oceanografí

Histomorphological study of the digestive tract of the oyster Crassostrea angulata (Lamarck, 1819), and distribution of carbohydrates

We present a histomorphological description of the digestive tract of the oyster Crassostrea angulata (Lamarck, 1819), as well as a histochemical study of its carbohydrate distribution. The study shows that, in general, glycogen is found in the connective tissue, and neutral mucopolysaccharides/glycoproteins and/or acid mucosubstances in the epithelium and basal cell layers. Glycogen was not detected in the digestive gland, possibly because of its mobilization to the connective tissue for reproduction.Se realiza una descripción histomorfológica del aparato digestivo del ostión Crassostrea angulata (Lamarck, 1819) y se pone de manifiesto la distribución de carbohidratos mediante técnicas histoquímicas. La pauta general observada es la presencia de glucógeno en el tejido conjuntivo y de mucopolisacáridos/glicoproteínas neutras y/o ácidas en las membranas basales y el epitelio. En la glándula digestiva no se observa glucógeno debido, posiblemente, a su movilización hacia el tejido conjuntivo para su posterior uso con fines reproductivos.Instituto Español de Oceanografí

Chromosome characterization of the toadfish Halobatrachus didactylus (Schneider, 1801) (Teleostei: Batrachoididae) by fluorescent in situ hybridization

Halobatrachus didactylus (Schneider, 1801) has a chromosome number of 2n = 46 (8 metacentrics, 12 submetacentrics and 26 acrocentrics). Specimens studied were collected from waters of the Bay of Cadiz. Chromosome preparations were made from the cephalic portion of the kidney. The telomeric probe hybridized on the terminal position of all toadfish chromosomes. (GATA)n hybridized preferentially on the subcentromeric region of only one submetacentric chromosome pair, although additional weak signals dispersed throughout the chromosomes were found. Major ribosomal genes were also located on a submetacentric pair, but at a telomeric position. Finally, the 5S rDNA probe produced a hybridization pattern similar to the GATA probe. These results provide interesting information which describes chromosomal markers that may be of utility for the management of natural populations of this species.Se ha realizado la caracterización cromosómica de Halobatrachus didactylus (Schneider, 1801) mediante la localización de diferentes secuencias repetidas en sus cromosomas. Los especímenes utilizados fueron capturados en aguas de la bahía de Cádiz. Las preparaciones cromosómicas se realizaron de la porción cefálica del riñón. La sonda telomérica hibridó en posición terminal de todos los cromosomas del pez sapo. (GATA)n hibridó preferentemente en la región subcentromérica de un par cromosómico submetacéntrico; se encontraron señales adicionales más débiles. Los genes ribosomales mayores también fueron localizados en un par submetacéntrico, pero en región telomérica. Finalmente, la sonda 5S rDNA presentó un patrón de hibridación similar a la sonda GATA. Los resultados aportan interesantes datos que describen marcadores cromosómicos que podrían ser de utilidad para la gestión de poblaciones naturales de esta especie.Instituto Español de Oceanografí

Medicinal Plant Leaf Extract From Sage and Lemon Verbena Promotes Intestinal Immunity and Barrier Function in Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata)

The inclusion of a medicinal plant leaf extract (MPLE) from sage (Salvia officinalis) and lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora), rich in verbascoside and triterpenic compounds like ursolic acid, was evaluated in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) fed a low fishmeal-based diet (48% crude protein, 17% crude fat, 21.7 MJ kg-1, 7% fishmeal, 15% fish oil) for 92 days. In particular, the study focused on the effect of these phytogenic compounds on the gut condition by analyzing the transcriptomic profiling (microarray analysis) and histological structure of the intestinal mucosa, as well as the histochemical properties of mucins stored in goblet cells. A total number of 506 differentially expressed genes (285 up- and 221 down-regulated) were found when comparing the transcriptomic profiling of the intestine from fish fed the control and MPLE diets. The gut transcripteractome revealed an expression profile that favored biological mechanisms associated to the 1) immune system, particularly involving T cell activation and differentiation, 2) gut integrity (i.e., adherens and tight junctions) and cellular proliferation, and 3) cellular proteolytic pathways. The histological analysis showed that the MPLE dietary supplementation promoted an increase in the number of intestinal goblet cells and modified the composition of mucins’ glycoproteins stored in goblet cells, with an increase in the staining intensity of neutral mucins, as well as in mucins rich in carboxylated and weakly sulfated glycoconjugates, particularly those rich in sialic acid residues. The integration of transcriptomic and histological results showed that the evaluated MPLE from sage and lemon verbena is responsible for the maintenance of intestinal health, supporting gut homeostasis and increasing the integrity of the intestinal epithelium, which suggests that this phytogenic may be considered as a promising sustainable functional additive for aquafeeds.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Effects of in vivo treatment with the dopamine antagonist pimozide and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) on the reproductive axis of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis)

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Comparison of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and next-generation flow (NGF) for minimal residual disease (MRD) assessment in multiple myeloma

Detecting persistent minimal residual disease (MRD) allows the identification of patients with an increased risk of relapse and death. In this study, we have evaluated MRD 3 months after transplantation in 106 myeloma patients using a commercial next-generation sequencing (NGS) strategy (LymphoTrack®), and compared the results with next-generation flow (NGF, EuroFlow). The use of different marrow pulls and the need of concentrating samples for NGS biased the applicability for MRD evaluation and favored NGF. Despite that, correlation between NGS and NGF was high (R = 0.905). The 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates by NGS and NGF were longer for undetectable vs. positive patients (NGS: 88.7% vs. 56.6%; NGF: 91.4% vs. 50%; p < 0.001 for both comparisons), which resulted in a 3-year overall survival (OS) advantage (NGS: 96.2% vs. 77.3%; NGF: 96.6% vs. 74.9%, p < 0.01 for both comparisons). In the Cox regression model, NGS and NGF negativity had similar results but favoring the latter in PFS (HR: 0.20, 95% CI: 0.09-0.45, p < 0.001) and OS (HR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.06-0.75, p = 0.02). All these results reinforce the role of MRD detection by different strategies in patient prognosis and highlight the use of MRD as an endpoint for multiple myeloma treatment

Matrix gla protein in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus): gene expression analysis and identification of sites of protein accumulation

Matrix Gla protein (Mgp) is a secreted vitamin K-dependent extracellular matrix protein and a physiological inhibitor of calcification whose gene structure, amino acid sequence and tissue distribution have been conserved throughout evolution. In the present work, the turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) mgp cDNA was cloned and the sequence of the deduced protein compared to that of other vertebrates. As expected, it was closer to teleosts than to other vertebrate groups but there was a strict conservation of amino-acids thought to be important for protein function. Analysis of mgp gene expression indicated branchial arches as the site with higher levels of expression, followed by heart, vertebra and kidney. These results were confirmed by in situ hybridization with a strong mgp expression in branchial arch chondrocytes. Mgp was found to accumulate in gills where it appeared to be restricted to chondrocytes from branchial filaments, while in vertebrae it was localized in vertebral end plates, in growth zones, in vertebral arches and spines and in notochord cells. In the soft tissues analysed, Mgp was mainly detected in kidney and heart, consistent with previous data and providing further evidence for a role of Mgp as a calcification inhibitor and a modulator of the mineralization process. Our studies provide evidence that turbot, an important new species for aquaculture, is also a useful model to study function and expression of Mgp

Estudio preliminar sobre una posible inhibición dopaminérgia en la reproducción del lenguado senegalés (Solea senegalensis)

El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto del sistema dopaminérgico sobre la reproducción del lenguado senegalés (Solea senegalensis). Para ello, reproductores de lenguado senegalés nacidos y criados en cautividad (generación F1) fueron tratados con 1) GnRHa, 2) inhibidor dopaminérgico (pimozide) o 3) un tratamiento combinado (GnRHa + pimozide). El efecto de los tratamientos se evaluó a nivel de producción de huevos y esperma (cantidad y calidad); además se estudió el efecto sobre niveles plasmáticos de esteroides sexuales y desarrollo gonadal (histología). Las hembras no mostraron una estimulación en la ocurrencia de puestas por el tratamiento combinado GnRHa + pimozide respecto a aquellas tratadas solo con GnRHa. Sin embargo, los machos que recibieron el tratamiento combinado mostraron una mayor estimulación en la producción de esperma y en el grado de maduración testicular respecto a aquellos que recibieron solo GnRHa o pimozide. Los resultados indican que el sistema dopaminérgico no parece ejercer una acción fuerte sobre la ocurrencia de puestas en hembras, aunque podría estimular la espermiación en machos de lenguado senegalés.Preliminary study on dopaminergic inhibition in Senegalese sole reproduction (Solea senegalensis) The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the dopaminergic system on Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) reproduction. For this purpose, Senegalese sole breeders hatched and raised in captivity (F1 generation) were treated with 1) GnRHa, 2) a well-known dopaminergic inhibitor (pimozide) or 3) a combined treatment (GnRHa + pimozide). The effect of each treatment was determined by studying spawning occurrence and sperm (quantity and quality); in addition, effects on sex steroids levels and on gonadal development (histology) were also considered. Females did not show any improvement of spawning occurrence by combining GnRHa and pimozide respect to those females treated only with GnRHa. However, males which received the combined treatment showed a greater stimulation of sperm production and testicular maturity than those males treated with a single GnRHa or pimozide treatment. Our results indicate that dopaminergic system do not seem to play a strong action on eggs spawning in females, but may stimulate spermiation in Senegalese sole males