The Kac Jordan superalgebra: automorphisms and maximal subalgebras

The group of automorphisms of the Kac Jordan superalgebra is described, and used to classify the maximal subalgebras.Comment: 10 page

The Evolution of Pensions in Spain. Demographic Influence.

RESUMEN: El presente trabajo se centra en el funcionamiento y la evolución del sistema de pensiones español a lo largo de su historia, desde su creación a principios del siglo XX hasta nuestros días. La evolución de las pensiones en nuestro país ha estado influida por múltiples factores a lo largo de su historia, entre otros, las grandes crisis que se han sucedido durante un siglo, las leyes que han ido cambiando, acomodándose a su época, el cambio demográfico que ha sufrido España a lo largo de todo el siglo XX y parte del siglo XXI, siendo éste último un criterio clave para entender la importancia y preocupación social que envuelve al sistema de pensiones actual y a su regulación para el futuro. Es conocido por todo el mundo que el sistema de pensiones es un pilar fundamental de nuestro bienestar social y ha sido, es y será un tema de gran preocupación para todos los gobiernos, entre otras cosas, porque se trata de una considerable partida presupuestaria anual. Se abordará la gran pregunta que tanto se ha formulado últimamente: ¿Qué va a pasar? Además, se plantearán posibles soluciones basándose en la historia y evolución de la demografía española y su influencia en las pensiones. Este trabajo trata de ofrecer una perspectiva futura de las pensiones, así como también pretende crear una visión e ideas que sirvan de referencia para tomar decisiones en nuestras propias vidas. ABSTRACT: This essay speaks about how the spanish pension sistem works and its evolution during its own history, since its creation at the beginning of the 20th century until nowadays. Pensions in our country have been influenced by multiple factors all over its existence, among others, the big crisis during the last century, the change of laws getting used to its time, the demographic changes Spain has experienced all over the 20th century and at the beggingin of the 21st century, being this one a key reason to understand the importance and the social concern which envolve the actual pension sistem, and its future regulation. It is known for everybody that the pension sistem is a essential base of our social welfare and it was, it is, and it will be a big concern for all governments because it is an important part of the anual public budget. The imporant question which has been formulated nowadays will be faced: What is going to happen? Besides, possible solutions will be contemplated to solve this problem. This essay is about giving a future point of view of pensions, as well as it also expects to create a view and an idea which help as a reference to make decisions in our own lifes.Grado en Administración y Dirección de Empresa

Sedimentología de sucesiones sinrift tempranas en un semigraben marginal de un rift extensional: la Cuenca de Bijuesca, Jurásico superior de la Cordillera Ibérica (Zaragoza, España)

Un estudio sedimentológico detallado de los primeros depósitos continentales sinrift que aparecen en el Semigraben de Bijuesca (Formaciones Ciria y Bijuesca), ha permitido entender la arquitectura estratigráfica de los sedimentos que representan el principio de la extensión en esta estructura. La Fm Bijuesca está formada por sedimentos detríticos organizados en tres asociaciones de facies diferentes (de abanico aluvial proximal, medio y distal). La unidad está constituida por dos secuencias retrogradantes formadas por sedimentos siliciclásticos y carbonáticos procedentes de la erosión del Jurásico marino prerift. Las dos secuencias representan la sedimentación en un sistema aluvial de baja eficacia de transporte. La Fm Ciria está formada por sedimentos carbonáticos lacustres organizados en secuencias elementales de somerización. El predominio de las modificaciones pedogenéticas que afectan a estos sedimentos y la ausencia de facies lacustres profundas permiten clasificar el sistema lacustre como uno con margen de tipo rampa con bajo gradiente y baja energía. Las características de los dos sistemas deposiconales concuerdan con la situación tectónica de los estadios tempranos de un sistema de rift. [ABSTRACT] A detailed sedimentological study of the first synrift continental deposits recorded in the Bijuesca Halfgraben (Bijuesca and Ciria Formations), has allowed to understand the stratigraphic architecture of the sediments which record the beginning of the extension in this structure. The Bijuesca Fm consists of detrital sediments arranged in three different alluvial fan (i.e., proximal, medium and distal) facies associations. This unit is made up by two retrograding sequences that consist of siliciclastics and carbonate detrital deposits eroded from the Jurassic prerift units. These sequences record sedimentation in an alluvial fan system with low-efficiency of transport. The Ciria Fm consists of lacustrine carbonate sediments arranged in shallowing-upwards sequences. The predominance of pedogenic modifications affecting the lacustrine sediments and the absence of deep lacustrine facies, allow classifying this lake system as a low-gradient ramp margin lake with low energy. The characteristics of both depositional systems agree with the tectonic situation supposed for the early stages of a rift system

OTAC: Optimization of Antibiotic Therapy in Critically ill Patients. Using beta-lactam antibiotics by continuous infusion

Objective: To determine the percentage of patients given standard doses of piperacillin/tazobactam or meropenem by continuous infusion who achieved the target pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) index, which was defined as free concentrations four times more than the minimum inhibitory KEYWORDS Beta-lactams; Critical care; Pharmacokinetics; Drug monitoring; Piperacillin; Meropenem

Biochemical analyses reveal amino acid residues critical for cell cycle-dependent phosphorylation of human Cdc14A phosphatase by cyclin-dependent kinase 1

Cdc14 enzymes compose a family of highly conserved phosphatases that are present in a wide range of organisms, including yeast and humans, and that preferentially reverse the phosphorylation of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase (Cdk) substrates. The budding yeast Cdc14 orthologue has essential functions in the control of late mitosis and cytokinesis. In mammals, however, the two Cdc14 homologues, Cdc14A and Cdc14B, do not play a prominent role in controlling late mitotic events, suggesting that some Cdc14 functions are not conserved across species. Moreover, in yeast, Cdc14 is regulated by changes in its subcellular location and by phosphorylation events. In contrast, little is known about the regulation of human Cdc14 phosphatases. Here, we have studied how the human Cdc14A orthologue is regulated during the cell cycle. We found that Cdc14A is phosphorylated on Ser411, Ser453 and Ser549 by Cdk1 early in mitosis and becomes dephosphorylated during late mitotic stages. Interestingly, in vivo and in vitro experiments revealed that, unlike in yeast, Cdk1-mediated phosphorylation of human Cdc14A did not control its catalytic activity but likely modulated its interaction with other proteins in early mitosis. These findings point to differences in Cdk1-mediated mechanisms of regulation between human and yeast Cdc14 orthologues.We thank S. Andrés for technical assistance and other members of laboratory for helpful discussions. We are grateful to Dr. I. García-Higuera and S. Moreno (IBFG, Salamanca) for Cdh1 plasmids and anti-Plk1 antibodies, Dr. J. Dong (Univ. Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska) for the KIBRA plasmids, Dr. C. Guerrero (IBMCC, Salamanca) for the anti-PP2A antibody and Dr. Jallepalli (Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York) for the RPE Cdc14A − / − cells. We are grateful to the proteomics facility of Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Salamanca, Spain, where the proteomic analysis was performed, Grant PRB2 (IPT13/0001 - ISCIII-SGEFI / FEDER). This work was funded by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINECO; BFU2015-69709-P and SAF2015-69920-R). S.O. was supported by a FPU fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Education and P.A. was supported by a JAE-Predoctoral fellowship from the Spanish National research Council (CSIC).S

Sedimentology of the early synrift record in a marginal halfgraben related to an extensional rift: Bijuesca Basin, Upper Jurassic of the Iberian Range (Zaragoza, Spain)

Un estudio sedimentológico detallado de los primeros depósitos continentales sinrift que aparecen en el Semigraben de Bijuesca (Formaciones Ciria y Bijuesca), ha permitido entender la arquitectura estratigráfica de los sedimentos que representan el principio de la extensión en esta estructura. La Fm Bijuesca está formada por sedimentos detríticos organizados en tres asociaciones de facies diferentes (de abanico aluvial proximal, medio y distal). La unidad está constituida por dos secuencias retrogradantes formadas por sedimentos siliciclásticos y carbonáticos procedentes de la erosión del Jurásico marino prerift. Las dos secuencias representan la sedimentación en un sistema aluvial de baja eficacia de transporte. La Fm Ciria está formada por sedimentos carbonáticos lacustres organizados en secuencias elementales de somerización. El predominio de las modificaciones pedogenéticas que afectan a estos sedimentos y la ausencia de facies lacustres profundas permiten clasificar el sistema lacustre como uno con margen de tipo rampa con bajo gradiente y baja energía. Las características de los dos sistemas deposiconales concuerdan con la situación tectónica de los estadios tempranos de un sistema de riftA detailed sedimentological study of the first synrift continental deposits recorded in the Bijuesca Halfgraben (Bijuesca and Ciria Formations), has allowed to understand the stratigraphic architecture of the sediments which record the beginning of the extension in this structure. The Bijuesca Fm consists of detrital sediments arranged in three different alluvial fan (i.e., proximal, medium and distal) facies associations. This unit is made up by two retrograding sequences that consist of siliciclastics and carbonate detrital deposits eroded from the Jurassic prerift units. These sequences record sedimentation in an alluvial fan system with low-efficiency of transport. The Ciria Fm consists of lacustrine carbonate sediments arranged in shallowing-upwards sequences. The predominance of pedogenic modifications affecting the lacustrine sediments and the absence of deep lacustrine facies, allow classifying this lake system as a low-gradient ramp margin lake with low energy. The characteristics of both depositional systems agree with the tectonic situation supposed for the early stages of a rift syste

Management Of Tizanidine Withdrawal Syndrome: A Case Report

Most drugs that act on the central nervous system (CNS) require dose titration to avoid withdrawal syndrome. Tizanidine withdrawal syndrome is caused by adrenergic discharge due to its alpha(2)-agonist mechanism and is characterized by hypertension, reflex tachycardia, hypertonicity, and anxiety. Although tizanidine withdrawal syndrome is mentioned as a potential side effect of cessation, it is not common and there have been few reports. We present the case of a 31-year-old woman with tizanidine withdrawal syndrome after discontinuing medication prescribed for a muscle contracture (tizanidine). She showed high adrenergic activity with nausea, vomiting, generalized tremor, dysthermia, hypertension, and tachycardia. Symptoms were reversed and successful reweaning was achieved by restarting tizanidine followed by slow downward titration. Withdrawal syndrome should be considered when drugs targeting the CNS are suddenly stopped. Weaning regimens should be closely monitored for acute withdrawal reactions

Influence of Large Periods of DC Current Injection in c-Si Photovoltaic Panels

Nowadays, electroluminescence imaging (Eli) appears as an emerging technique in the maintenance of photovoltaic (PV) plants. There is a concern about how the current injection needed in ELi measurements can affect the PV modules service life, and how these periodical inspections can affect the long term life of the modules. In order to give a practical answer to this problem, a series of tests consisting of long periods of current injection on several monocrystalline silicon modules has been carried out. The modules tested had already fulfilled their useful life and present multiple defects. In order to analyze how the current injection affects the state of the module, images of infrared thermography (IRT) and ELi were acquired during the current injection period. The subsequent analysis of these images shows only a small effect during the heating period in the EL intensity results at the beginning of each test, not affecting the module performance.Proyecto de Investigación ENE2017-89561-C4-3-R (MCIN)Proyecto de Investigación RTC-2017-6712-3 (MCIN)Proyecto de Investigación VA283P18 (Junta de Castilla y León

Diminished neurogenic femoral artery vasoconstrictor response in a Zucker obese rat model: differential regulation of NOS and COX derivatives

Objective: Peripheral arterial disease is one of the macrovascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study addresses femoral artery regulation in a prediabetic model of obese Zucker rats (OZR) by examining cross-talk between endothelial and neural factors. Methods and Results: Arterial preparations from lean (LZR) and OZR were subjected to electrical field stimulation (EFS) on basal tone. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX) isoform expression patterns were determined by immunohistochemical labelling and Western blotting. Results indicate significantly reduced noradrenergic contractions in preparations from OZR compared with those of LZR. Functional inhibition of endothelial NOS (eNOS) indicated a predominant role of this isoform in LZR and its modified activity in OZR. Neural (nNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS) were activated and their expression was higher in femoral arteries from OZR. Neurotransmission modulated by largeconductance Ca2+-activated (BKCa) or voltage-dependent (KV) K+ channels did not seem compromised in the obese animals. Endothelial COX-1 and COX-2 were expressed in LZR and an additional adventitial location of COX-2 was also observed in OZR, explaining the higher COX-2 protein levels detected in this group. Prostanoids derived from both isoforms helped maintain vasoconstriction in LZR while in OZR only COX-2 was active. Superoxide anion inhibition reduced contractions in endothelium-intact arteries from OZR. Conclusions: Endothelial dysfunction led to reduced neurogenic vasoconstriction in femoral arteries from OZR. In a setting of obesity, NO-dependent nNOS and iNOS dilation activity could be an alternative mechanism to offset COX-2- and reactive oxygen species-mediated vasoconstriction, along with impaired endothelial NO relaxation

Novel utility-scale photovoltaic plant electroluminescence maintenance technique by means of bidirectional power inverter controller

Producción CientíficaNowadays, photovoltaic (PV) silicon plants dominate the growth in renewable energies generation. Utility-scale photovoltaic plants (USPVPs) have increased exponentially in size and power in the last decade and, therefore, it is crucial to develop optimum maintenance techniques. One of the most promising maintenance techniques is the study of electroluminescence (EL) images as a complement of infrared thermography (IRT) analysis. However, its high cost has prevented its use regularly up to date. This paper proposes a maintenance methodology to perform on-site EL inspections as efficiently as possible. First, current USPVP characteristics and the requirements to apply EL on them are studied. Next, an increase over the automation level by means of adding automatic elements in the current PV plant design is studied. The new elements and their configuration are explained, and a control strategy for applying this technique on large photovoltaic plants is developed. With the aim of getting on-site EL images on a real plant, a PV inverter has been developed to validate the proposed methodology on a small-scale solar plant. Both the electrical parameters measured during the tests and the images taken have been analysed. Finally, the implementation cost of the solution has been calculated and optimised. The results conclude the technical viability to perform on-site EL inspections on PV plants without the need to measure and analyse the panel defects out of the PV installation.Ministerio de Industria, Economía y Competitividad (grant number RTC-2017-6712-3)Junta de Castilla y León (grant VA283P18