Global leadership in a university setting

What is global leadership? How can we develop global leadership for a university? This study was conducted using the qualitative approach through in-depth interviews of eight selected top leaders in a selected university. Based on the in-depth interviews, the findings discussed are as follows; Global leadership is related to diversity. Global leaders need to be developed with additional competencies to lead a university and to be able to compete worldwide. Global leadership has to operate in diverse situations. This means that a global leader has to understand different cultures, different ideas and different beliefs. So a global leader has to understand leading in diversity, which requires a different set of competencies. These include attitudes, skills and knowledge. This study is significant because it fills a gap in current knowledge regarding the experience that leaders perceived to be important in understanding and developing global leadership

The diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of breast ultrasound non-mass lesions: a systematic review

Aim: The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic review of the current knowledge regarding the diagnostic performance of MRI in the investigation of non-mass lesions of the breast. Method: Up to July 2022, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase were searched comprehensively. All studies examining the diagnostic performance of MRI in non-mass lesions were included except review articles, articles published in a language other than English, and case reports or series of cases. A literature review and data extraction were performed by two independent reviewers. A checklist for cross-sectional studies developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) was used to assess sources of bias. Results: The systematic review included two studies. If any enhancement is present on MRI, most ultrasound NMLs will exhibit a non-mass-enhancement. We found that the distribution of non-mass enhancement lesions was primarily segmental and regional. The highest number of malignancies is associated with segmental distributions, since 81.8% of the cases with segmental enhancement were ductal carcinomas, specifically DCIS. Conclusion: Non-mass lesions of the US that do not enhance in MRI have a good prognosis. Breast cancer is very unlikely in these cases, so follow-up is acceptable unless there is a suspicion of malignancy on mammography. In cases where regional and segmental enhancement of NMLs occurs on CE-MRI, ductal carcinomas may be present, and a pathological examination is warranted

Effect of Game-Based Nutrition Education on Nutritional Knowledge of Preschool Children

Background: Nutrition education during childhood plays a substantial role in promotion of healthy eating habits throughout the life. We aimed to assess the effect of a newly designed game-based nutrition education program on nutritional knowledge of preschool children. Methods: An experimental study was conducted at eight kindergartens from various socioeconomic levels in Shiraz, Iran. Forty-eight children aged 5 to 6 years old were recruited to the study. We developed a computer-game containing health improving nutritional messages, based on snake and ladder game. The intervention period of game playing was 20 minutes per day for a week. All children were asked to complete a questionnaire, including 9 questions designed for their age group, before and after playing the game. Also, we assessed the acceptance of the game among the experimental group. Results: Forty-seven children including 27 boys and 20 girls completed the study (23 in the experiment and 24 in the control groups). The mean age of participants was 5.71±0.41 years. Baseline scores of nutritional knowledge were significantly more in high socioeconomic regions. The mean score of nutritional knowledge in experimental and control groups improved significantly (0.73±1.62 and 0.52±1.78, respectively). Considering the baseline mean score as covariate, the mean score of nutritional knowledge significantly increased in the experiment group. The results showed that all children preferred to select more healthy foods after playing game. Moreover, the experimental group was interested in playing the game in 3 levels; low (8.7%), high (52.2%), and very high (39.1%). Conclusion: This new game-based educational approach may simplify the education in preschool children and enhance their nutritional knowledge

Региональные аспекты обеспечения национальной продовольственной безопасности Республике Беларусь

Материалы VI Междунар. науч. конф. студентов, аспирантов и молодых ученых, Гомель, 26 апр. 2013 г

Climate-informed environmental inflows to revive a drying lake facing meteorological and anthropogenic droughts

The rapid shrinkage of Lake Urmia, one of the world\u27s largest saline lakes located in northwestern Iran, is a tragic wake-up call to revisit the principles of water resources management based on the socio-economic and environmental dimensions of sustainable development. The overarching goal of this paper is to set a framework for deriving dynamic, climate-informed environmental inflows for drying lakes considering both meteorological/climatic and anthropogenic conditions. We report on the compounding effects of meteorological drought and unsustainable water resource management that contributed to Lake Urmia\u27s contemporary environmental catastrophe. Using rich datasets of hydrologic attributes, water demands and withdrawals, as well as water management infrastructure (i.e. reservoir capacity and operating policies), we provide a quantitative assessment of the basin\u27s water resources, demonstrating that Lake Urmia reached a tipping point in the early 2000s. The lake level failed to rebound to its designated ecological threshold (1274 m above sea level) during a relatively normal hydro-period immediately after the drought of record (1998–2002). The collapse was caused by a marked overshoot of the basin\u27s hydrologic capacity due to growing anthropogenic drought in the face of extreme climatological stressors. We offer a dynamic environmental inflow plan for different climate conditions (dry, wet and near normal), combined with three representative water withdrawal scenarios. Assuming effective implementation of the proposed 40% reduction in the current water withdrawals, the required environmental inflows range from 2900 million cubic meters per year (mcm yr−1) during dry conditions to 5400 mcm yr−1 during wet periods with the average being 4100 mcm yr−1. Finally, for different environmental inflow scenarios, we estimate the expected recovery time for re-establishing the ecological level of Lake Urmia

A Case Based-Shared Teaching Approach in Undergraduate Medical Curriculum: A Way for Integration in Basic and Clinical Sciences

To present a multiple-instructor, active-learning strategy in the undergraduate medical curriculum. This educational research is a descriptive one. Shared teaching sessions, were designed for undergraduate medical students in six organ-system based courses. Sessions that involved in-class discussions of integrated clinical cases were designed implemented and moderated by at least 3 faculties (clinicians and basic scientists). The participants in this study include the basic sciences medical students of The Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Students’ reactions were assessed using an immediate post-session evaluation form on a 5-point Likert scale. Six two-hour sessions for 2 cohorts of students, 2013 and 2014 medical students during their two first years of study were implemented from April 2014 to March 2015. 17 faculty members participated in the program, 21 cases were designed, and participation average was 60 % at 6 sessions. Students were highly appreciative of this strategy. The majority of students in each course strongly agreed that this learning practice positively contributed to their learning (78%) and provided better understanding and application of the material learned in an integrated classroom course (74%). They believed that the sessions affected their view about medicine (73%), and should be continued in future courses (80%). The percentage demonstrates the average of all courses. The program helped the students learn how to apply basic sciences concepts to clinical medicine. Evaluation of the program indicated that students found the sessions beneficial to their learning

Global overview of the management of acute cholecystitis during the COVID-19 pandemic (CHOLECOVID study)

Background: This study provides a global overview of the management of patients with acute cholecystitis during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: CHOLECOVID is an international, multicentre, observational comparative study of patients admitted to hospital with acute cholecystitis during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data on management were collected for a 2-month study interval coincident with the WHO declaration of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and compared with an equivalent pre-pandemic time interval. Mediation analysis examined the influence of SARS-COV-2 infection on 30-day mortality. Results: This study collected data on 9783 patients with acute cholecystitis admitted to 247 hospitals across the world. The pandemic was associated with reduced availability of surgical workforce and operating facilities globally, a significant shift to worse severity of disease, and increased use of conservative management. There was a reduction (both absolute and proportionate) in the number of patients undergoing cholecystectomy from 3095 patients (56.2 per cent) pre-pandemic to 1998 patients (46.2 per cent) during the pandemic but there was no difference in 30-day all-cause mortality after cholecystectomy comparing the pre-pandemic interval with the pandemic (13 patients (0.4 per cent) pre-pandemic to 13 patients (0.6 per cent) pandemic; P = 0.355). In mediation analysis, an admission with acute cholecystitis during the pandemic was associated with a non-significant increased risk of death (OR 1.29, 95 per cent c.i. 0.93 to 1.79, P = 0.121). Conclusion: CHOLECOVID provides a unique overview of the treatment of patients with cholecystitis across the globe during the first months of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The study highlights the need for system resilience in retention of elective surgical activity. Cholecystectomy was associated with a low risk of mortality and deferral of treatment results in an increase in avoidable morbidity that represents the non-COVID cost of this pandemic

Suun terveydenhuollon taloudellisuus suuhygienistiopiskelijan työssä : toiminnan taloudellisuusohje suuhygienistiopiskelijan työhön

Suun terveydenhuollossa taloudellisuus näkyy kaikessa toiminnassa suuhygienistin työssä. Hoitotuoli, erilaiset hammaskivenpoistolaitteet ja käsi-instrumentit ovat kalliita. Myös niiden huolto on kallista. Hammaskivenpoistoinstrumentit teroitetaan jokaisen käytön jälkeen, jotta ne säilyvät terävinä ja käyttökelpoisina. Käsi-instrumenttien teroittamisessa on oltava huolellinen, sillä niiden kärki voi helposti mennä pilalle. Hammasklinikoilla suurin osa jätteistä koostuu kertakäyttötuotteista ja tarveaineista. Suurin osa kertakäyttötuotteista on nitriilihanskoja, kankaisia pyyhintälappuja ja käytettyjä steriilipusseja. Taloudellisuuden ja ekologisuuden kannalta suuhygienistin on osattava käyttää laitteita oikein, teroittaa käsi-instrumentteja ja kuluttaa hammashoidon tuotteita kohtuullisesti tarpeen mukaan. Tämän opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena on kehittää Metropolia Ammattikorkeakoulun Suunhoidon opetusklinikan suuhygienistiopiskelijoille video taloudellisesta toiminnasta. Videossa näytetään mallia opiskelijoille, miten omalla käyttäytymisellä ylläpidetään opetusklinikan laitteiden kuntoa kustannuksia huomioiden. Videossa näkyy myös suun hoidossa käytettävien tavaroiden ja aineiden hinnat. Suunhoidon opetusklinikan opiskelijat pääsevät näkemään, että suun terveydenhuollon tuotteet ovat kalliita, ja tämän takia olisi hyvä toimia työssä taloudellisesti. Videon kautta jokainen suuhygienistiopiskelija voi reflektoida omaa tämänhetkistä taloudellista toimintatapaansa. Lisäksi videossa esitetään, miten suuhygienisti voisi käyttää kertakäyttötuotteita kustannustietoisesti, jotta jätteitä ei syntyisi suuria määriä. Aseptiikka ja potilasturvallisuus ovat tärkeitä potilashoidossa, ja siksi jokaisen ammattihenkilön pitää taata laadukas ja turvallinen hoitotyö potilaalle. Hoitotyössä on myös tilanteita, jolloin potilaan turvallisuus kulkee edellä ja silloin taloudellisuus jää vähemmälle huomiolle

Comparison Study on Colonization of hilA Mutant and Parent Strains of Salmonella enteritidis in Vertically Infected Broiler Chickens

Background: Salmonella actively stimulates its own uptake into the epithelial cells by inducing cytoskeleton rearrangements and membrane ruffling triggered by some proteins secreted by Salmonella into the cytosol of the epithelial cells via a type III secretion system (TTSS) encoded by genes of the Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1). hilA is a transcriptional activator encoded on Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1 (SPI-1) genes. Methods: To assess the importance of hilA in a simulation modeling of vertical infection and shedding of S. enteritidis in broiler chickens a long-term experiment was designed. Two groups of 200 fertile eggs were inoculated with 20 colony forming units (CFU) of hilA mutant of S. enteritidis or its parent strain just prior to incubation. Thirty five birds of each group were housed in separate rooms. On days 2, 4, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 of age, cloacal swabs from live birds as well as samples from internal organs (intestinal tract, liver and spleen) were evaluated by bacteriological or molecular methods. Results: In most of sampling days colonization and invasion of parent strain S. enteritidis in intestine (especially ceaca) and internal organs of chickens were higher with compared to its hilA mutant but this mutant strain could still colonize in intestinal tract and even invade liver or spleen. Conclusion: Colonization of hilA mutant of S. enteritidis indicated that hilA gene is only one part of the modulators in Salmonella invasion mechanism. The ability of hilA mutant to multiply and persist in host internal organs including ceaca may promise further research for potential of hilA mutant to prevent the initial colonization of the intestinal tract by a virulent S. enteritidis strai

Hassanzadeh M, Ashrafi I. Identification and characterization of Salmonella isolates from captured house sparrows

Abstract: The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of Salmonella in a population of house sparrows, which are commonly found around poultry houses, and to characterize the obtained Salmonella isolates via serotyping, multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and antibiotic resistance analysis. Samples of visceral organs (gastrointestinal tract, liver, and heart) from 470 house sparrows were subjected to culture and the results show that 18 (3.8%) were positive for Salmonella. Of the 18 Salmonella isolates characterized, the most predominant serovars were Salmonella Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis (9 and 8 cases each, respectively), whereas only 1 serovar belonged to S. Montevideo. All 9 S. Typhimurium serovars were positive for rfbJ, fljB, invA, and fliC genes based on multiplex PCR assay. In the case of S. Enteritidis serovars, PCR generated amplification products for spv and sefA genes, and a random sequence (specific for the genus Salmonella) in all 8 samples. All the Salmonella isolates were sensitive to norfloxacin, flumequine, ampicillin, and sultrim, and 35% were resistant to lincospectin (the most prevalent resistance)