Physical vulnerability of buildings to rainfall-and earthquake-induced landslides in the Lisbon metropolitan area

This study assesses the physical vulnerability of buildings in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA) to landslides triggered by rainfall and earthquakes. The susceptibility to rainfall-induced landslides was evaluated using the Information Value statistical model and validated through ROC curve analysis. Additionally, the susceptibility to earthquake-induced landslides was assessed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process, validated with historical landslide data. The vulnerability assessment considered all residential buildings registered by the 2011 Census, incorporating various parameters, such as the presence of reinforced structures, the number of floors, the conservation status, and the need for structural and non-structural repairs. These parameters, along with their respective weights, were determined based on expert opinion and literature. The analysis and the results reported in this paper revealed significant regional interactions between earthquake- and rainfall-triggered landslides, which can lead to complex damage scenarios for exposed buildings. This study not only contributes to enhancing our understanding of the physical vulnerability of buildings to rainfall- and earthquake-triggered landslides but also provides valuable insights for decision-makers and practitioners involved in hazard and risk management

A landslide risk index for municipal land use planning in Portugal

In Portugal landslides caused 237 fatalities and >1600 displaced people in the period 1865-2015. Spatial distribution and temporal patterns of slope instability can be related with a complex set of natural and human factors responsible for generating damages. It is essential to develop new methodologies to synthetize risk dimensions to contribute to the landslide risk management at the municipal level. This work proposed a municipal landslide risk index (LRI) considering three risk dimensions: hazard, exposure and physical vulnerability of buildings. The hazard dimension includes the landslide susceptibility performed at the national scale, the probability of weather types associated with landslides and an extreme precipitation susceptibility index. The exposure dimension considered the population density and the number of buildings, whereas the average physical vulnerability of the buildings was computed using four statistical variables from the official census: (i) construction technique and construction materials; (ii) reinforced structure; (iii) number of floors; and (iv) conservation status. Each variable includes different classes that were empirically weighted. After evaluating the three risk dimensions and the LRI, a cluster analysis was performed in order to identify the most important landslide risk drivers in each municipality. Exposure is the main driving force of LRI in the metropolitan areas of Lisbon and Porto, while the hazard is more relevant in the NW municipalities and the physical vulnerability is the major driving force in the south of the country. This methodological approach contributes to a comprehensive and synthetized knowledge about the landslide risk driving forces within the 278 Portuguese municipalities. In addition, it contributes to the diversification and context-oriented strategies of landslide risk management that still lacks in most of the national-level risk governance processes. Finally, this methodology can be generalized to other geographical contexts, improving the risk management, land use planning and the disaster risk reduction.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Susceptibility and exposure to sea level rise in the Sado estuary and in the Arrábida coastal zone

Sea level rising is a major driver of three climate hazards in the Sado estuary and in the Arrábida coastal zone: estuarine flooding, coastal flooding and cliff retreat. In this work, the susceptibility to estuarine flooding, coastal flooding and cliff retreat is assessed for the present and at the end of the century, for the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 emission scenarios. The exposure of people and assets to the considered climate hazards is assessed for both the current climatic conditions and those projected for the end of the 21st century

Digestibilidade da matéria seca de silagens de milho e de suplementos concentrados determinada por procedimentos in vitro Dry matter digestibility of corn silages and concentrates determined by in vitro procedures

Compararam-se os valores de digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca (DIVMS) de quatro silagens de milho e de seis concentrados (três proteicos e três energéticos), determinados pelo método de dois estádios realizados em tubos individuais ou em equipamento automatizado de fermentação, e avaliou-se a ocorrência de efeito associativo na digestão de alimentos destas três classes incubadas em um mesmo jarro de fermentação da incubadora in vitro, ou em jarros diferentes contendo a mesma classe de alimentos. Utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 3 x 3 (procedimentos in vitro x classes de alimentos). Os valores de DIVMS determinados pelo método dos tubos foram mais próximos dos relatados na literatura e menores (P<0,02) que os obtidos pelos procedimentos automatizados. Não houve diferença (P>0,05) nos valores de DIVMS dos concentrados e das silagens de milho incubados no mesmo jarro de fermentação da incubadora ou, separadamente por alimento, em jarros diferentes.<br>The values of in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of four corn silages and six concentrates (three proteic and three energetics) were determined by the two-stage technique that utilizes individual digestion tubes and by an automatic equipment of fermentation (filter bag technique). It was also evaluated the associative effect on digestion of these three food classes when incubated in the same fermentation jar of the "in vitro incubator" and when in different vessels containing the same class of foods. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement (in vitro procedures x food classes). The IVDMD values determined in tubes were closer to those found in the literature and lower (P<0.02) than those obtained by the automatic procedure. No differences were found (P>0.05) in IVDMD of concentrates and silages when incubated together in the same fermentation jar or separated by food classes in separated jars