Validación del acelerómetro actigraph GT3x para la cuantificación de la actividad física = Validation of the actigraph GT3x accelerometer to quantify physical activity

Pag. var.El objetivo principal de los trabajos realizados es validar el acelerómetro Actigraph GT3X para la cuantificación de la actividad física. Para ello se realizaron tres fases experimentales: fase I, fiabilidad mecánica; fase II, fiabilidad durante actividades físicas estandarizadas; y fase III, evaluación de la precisión de ecuaciones conocidas y calibración del modelo de acelerómetro en distintos grupos de edad. Los principales resultados de la memoria de tesis sugieren que: - El acelerómetro GT3X puede ser útil para evaluar el nivel de actividad física en humanos según la validación mecánica realizada. - Bajo condiciones estandarizadas se encontró una fiabilidad inter-instrumento del acelerómetro GT3X en todos los planos. - La localización del monitor puede modificar el registro del mismo. - Las nuevas ecuaciones aquí propuestas aportan una estimación de gasto calórico mucho más precisa para cada uno de los grupos de edad que las publicadas previamente. - Los nuevos cut-points específicos propuestos para cada grupo de edad proporcionan una herramienta útil para determinar los niveles de actividad física con el acelerómetro GT3X. Los resultados muestran que el acelerómetro GT3X parece ser una herramienta útil para estimar gasto calórico y puede ser lo suficientemente sensible para diferenciar entre niveles de actividad física. Al menos en condiciones de laboratori

Comparación entre la respuesta de la actividad muscular lumbar en plataforma vibratoria y en ejercicio clásico de squat isométrico en 30º y 60º. (A comparison of the lumbar muscle activity responsein 30º and 60º isometric squat between whole-body vibration and a classic exercise).

<p align="justify">Whole-body vibration (WBV) has improved as a variety of exercises, so it is necessary know muscles responses to the vibration stimulus.The aim of this work was to study and to compare the change in muscle activation in the lumbar area and lower body between the whole-body vibration exercise and classic strength exercises in isometric squat.23 subjects were exposed to six different loads in one of each exercise mode: vibration or classic strength. Both exercises were performed at 30º and 60º semi-squat position. Muscle activity of the lower body and lumbar area was measured using surface electromyography activity (EMG).The results showed that the response of lumbar area in WBV was lower than in the classic strength exercise at the same value of lower body sEMG. Lumbar sEMG was highest for the classic exercise. Moreover, during 30º squat sEMG was higher than during 60ºsquat.</p>Resumen<p align="justify">El aumento del uso de la plataforma vibratoria como forma de realizar ejercicio conlleva la necesidad de conocer las respuestas musculares al estímulo de la misma.El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido estudiar y comparar la respuesta de la activación muscular de la zona lumbar y del tren inferior en el trabajo de plataforma vibratoria con el trabajo clásico de fuerza en un squat isométrico.23 sujetos fueron sometidos a 6 condiciones de vibración y a 6 de un trabajo clásico de pesas. Se analizó la sEMG del tren inferior y de la zona lumbar en un trabajo isométrico de un squat con flexión de 30º y 60º de rodilla.Los resultados muestran que para un mismo valor de sEMG del tren inferior, los valores de sEMG de la zona lumbar son menores en el ejercicio vibratorio. Existiendo en el trabajo de pesas una mayor exigencia en la zona lumbar. Además, con una flexión de 30º la activación muscular es mayor en todas las condiciones. (p<0,05)</p

Mortality from mental disorders and suicide in male professional American football and soccer players: A meta-analysis

Objective To determine the risk of mortality from mental disorders and suicide in professional sports associated with repeated head impacts. Methods A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus (since inception to June 8, 2021) to find studies comparing the incidence of mortality from mental disorders or suicide in former or active professional athletes of sports characterized by repeated head impacts vs athletes with no such exposure or the general non-athletic population. Results Seven retrospective studies of moderate-to-high quality that included data from boxers and from basketball, ice hockey, soccer, and National Football League (NFL) players, respectively (total = 27 477 athletes, 100% male) met all inclusion criteria. Former male NFL players (n = 13 217) had a lower risk of mortality from mental disorders (standard mortality rate [SMR] = 0.30; 0.12-0.77; p = 0.012) and suicide (SMR = 0.54; 0.37-0.78; p < 0.001) than the general population. This finding was also corroborated in male soccer players (n = 13,065; SMR = 0.55; 0.46-0.67; p < 0.001). Male athletes participating in sports associated with repeated head impacts (n = 18,606) had also a lower risk of all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality (all p < 0.01) than the general population. Conclusions Participation of male athletes in American football or soccer at the professional level might confer a certain protective effect against mortality from mental disorders or suicide, besides its association with a lower risk of all-cause, CVD, or cancer-related mortality.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Instituto de Salud Carlos III) [grant PI18/00139, AL

Housekeeping genes essential for pantothenate biosynthesis are plasmid-encoded in Rhizobium etli and Rhizobium leguminosarum

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>A traditional concept in bacterial genetics states that housekeeping genes, those involved in basic metabolic functions needed for maintenance of the cell, are encoded in the chromosome, whereas genes required for dealing with challenging environmental conditions are located in plasmids. Exceptions to this rule have emerged from genomic sequence data of bacteria with multipartite genomes. The genome sequence of <it>R. etli </it>CFN42 predicts the presence of <it>panC </it>and <it>panB </it>genes clustered together on the 642 kb plasmid p42f and a second copy of <it>panB </it>on plasmid p42e. They encode putative pantothenate biosynthesis enzymes (pantoate-β-alanine ligase and 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate hydroxymethyltransferase, respectively). Due to their ubiquitous distribution and relevance in the central metabolism of the cell, these genes are considered part of the core genome; thus, their occurrence in a plasmid is noteworthy. In this study we investigate the contribution of these genes to pantothenate biosynthesis, examine whether their presence in plasmids is a prevalent characteristic of the <it>Rhizobiales </it>with multipartite genomes, and assess the possibility that the <it>panCB </it>genes may have reached plasmids by horizontal gene transfer.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Analysis of mutants confirmed that the <it>panC </it>and <it>panB </it>genes located on plasmid p42f are indispensable for the synthesis of pantothenate. A screening of the location of <it>panCB </it>genes among members of the <it>Rhizobiales </it>showed that only <it>R. etli </it>and <it>R. leguminosarum </it>strains carry <it>panCB </it>genes in plasmids. The <it>panCB </it>phylogeny attested a common origin for chromosomal and plasmid-borne <it>panCB </it>sequences, suggesting that the <it>R. etli </it>and <it>R. leguminosarum panCB </it>genes are orthologs rather than xenologs. The <it>panCB </it>genes could not totally restore the ability of a strain cured of plasmid p42f to grow in minimal medium.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study shows experimental evidence that core <it>panCB </it>genes located in plasmids of <it>R. etli </it>and <it>R. leguminosarum </it>are indispensable for the synthesis of pantothenate. The unusual presence of <it>panCB </it>genes in plasmids of <it>Rhizobiales </it>may be due to an intragenomic transfer from chromosome to plasmid. Plasmid p42f encodes other functions required for growth in minimal medium. Our results support the hypothesis of cooperation among different replicons for basic cellular functions in multipartite rhizobia genomes.</p

Estudio de validación del acelerómetro del Polar V800

Introducción: La correcta cuantificación de la actividad física (AF) y el gasto energético (GE) en la vida diaria es un objetivo importante para investigadores y profesionales. Objetivos: El objetivo del presente estudio fue estudiar la validez del Polar V800 para la cuantificación de la AF y la estimación del GE respecto al acelerómetro ActiGraph (ActiTrainer) en adultos jóvenes sanos. Métodos: Una muestra de conveniencia de 18 sujetos caucásicos (50% mujeres) entre 19-23 años llevaron puesto el ActiTrainer en la cadera derecha y el Polar V800 en la muñeca deseada durante 7 días. Los T-Test de muestras relacionadas se usaron para analizar las diferencias entre los resultados de los dispositivos, y los coeficientes de correlación de Pearson para examinar la correlación entre resultados. El acuerdo fue estudiado usando el método Bland-Altman. Además, la asociación entre la diferencia y la magnitud de la medición (Heterocedasticidad) fue examinada. La sensibilidad, especificidad y el área bajo la curva ROC (ROC-AUC) fueron calculadas para evaluar la capacidad de los dispositivos para definir de forma precisa a una persona que cumple la recomendación de 10000 pasos diarios. Resultados: Los dispositivos difirieron significativamente uno de otro para todas las variables (P<0.05) excepto para las Alertas del V800 vs. 1 hora sedentario del ActiTrainer (P=0.595) y Tiempo andando del V800 vs. Tiempo Vida diaria del ActiTrainer (P=0.484). Los análisis de heterocedasticidad fueron significativos para todas las variables, menos para las Kcal y el Tiempo sentado. El ROC-AUC value fue razonable (0.781±0.048) la sensibilidad y la especificidad fueron del 98% y 58% respectivamente. Conclusión: El acelerómetro del Polar V800 tiene una validez comparable al uso del acelerómetro como referencia estándar en la medición en la vida diaria de: “Periodos sedentarios de 1 hora” y de “Tiempo andando del V800 vs. Tiempo Vida diaria del ActiTrainer” en adultos jóvenes. Sin embargo, la principal aplicación práctica de este documento es la extracción de limitaciones, que permitirán obtener resultados más concluyentes en futuros estudios de validación del Polar V800

GT1M, GT3X and ActiTrainer counts comparison during standardized activities in young, adults and older adults

Objective: The present study aims to compare the vertical counts registered by GT1M, GT3X and ActiTrainer. Methods: Treadmill activities, repeated sit-stands and rest were completed by 31 young, 31 adults and 35 older adults while wearing the accelerometers (GT1M, GT3X and ActiTrainer) on their right hips. Independent sample t-test analyses were performed to determine differences between counts in each age group and activities along with the Bland &amp; Altman analysis to determine the degree of agreement. In order to determine the correction factor for the ActiTrainer counts, the linear regression forward analysis was used to minimize differences with the GT3X and the GT1M counts. Results: Differences among ActiTrainer, GT1M, and GT3X were revealed in all activities except in rest. The counts for ActiTrainer were significantly lower than those of GT3X and GT1M. The correction factor for ActiTrainer with GT1M (GT1M counts = 3185.564 + 649.647; *ActiTrainer counts - 36.163; *weight [kg] - 7.545 *age [years] r = 0.864; r2 = 0.746; r2 corrected = 0.745; SEE = 1451) and GT3X (GT3X counts = 3501.977 + 705.662 *ActiTrainer counts - 40.523 *weight [kg] - 11.864 *age [years] r = 0.901; r2 = 0.812; r2 corrected = 0.811; SEE = 310.160) reduced these differences. Conclusion: The GT1M and GT3X vertical counts may be compared. However, a correction factor to decrease differences to compare ActiTrainer counts with those of GT1M or GT3X counts must be applied

Medida de innovaciones en escuelas de educación infantil y primaria

P. 49-66La innovación es la clave de los avances en educación. Los centros educativos realizan innovaciones muy diversas con niveles de impacto y difusión muy bajos fuera de su comunidad. No existen muchos estudios que describan, pongan en valor las innovaciones, las categoricen y las analicen. La metodología de estudio fue descriptivo-interpretativa para lo que se elaboró un cuestionario denominado GINCENPRINF completado por 86 docentes de Educación Infantil y Primaria seleccionados por muestreo aleatorio estratificado (público-privado, rural-urbano). Se evaluó la fiabilidad y la validez de constructo del cuestionario y se determinó la validez de contenido mediante juicio de expertos. Los resultados revelaron una consistencia buena del cuestionario (Alfa de Cronbach: 0.848). Los resultados del análisis factorial confirman las dimensiones propuestas en el diseño del cuestionario sobre las categorías de los factores incluidos en la innovación (cohesión social, interacción con la comunidad, Tecnologías, y éxito), las escuelas innovadoras y sus característica, el tema y el tipo de innovación (sobre recursos, dirección, materiales y tiempo), así como las resistencias a la innovación. Se realizaron los estadísticos descriptivos y el análisis factorial por categorías. Se concluye que el cuestionario GINCENPRINF es válido y fiable para medir la gestión de las innovaciones en escuelas de Educación Infantil y PrimariaS

Holter-determined arrhythmias in young elite athletes with suspected risk: Insights from a 20-year experience

PurposeWe assessed the occurrence of rhythm alterations in elite athletes with suspected risk using Holter monitoring, and the association of Holter-determined rhythm alterations with echocardiographic findings.MethodsA large cohort of Spanish elite athletes (N = 6,579, 34% female) underwent in-depth cardiological examination (including echocardiographic evaluation, and resting and exercise electrocardiogram [ECG]) between 01/02/1998 and 12/31/2018. Holter monitoring was performed in those reporting cardiovascular symptoms, with suspicion of cardiac structural abnormalities potentially associated with dangerous arrhythmias, or with resting/exercise ECG features prompting a closer examination. We assessed the occurrence of cardiac rhythm alterations, as well as the association between echocardiography-determined conditions and rhythm alterations.ResultsMost athletes (N = 5925) did not show any sign/symptom related to arrhythmia (including normal resting and exercise/post-exercise ECG results) whereas 9.9% (N = 654; 28% female; median age, 24 years [interquartile range 19–28]; competition experience [mean ± SD] 10±6 years) met the criteria to undergo Holter monitoring. Among the latter, sinus bradycardia was the most common finding (present in 96% of cases), yet with a relatively low proportion of severe (&lt;30 bpm) bradycardia (12% of endurance athletes during night-time). Premature atrial and ventricular beats were also common (61.9 and 39.4%, respectively) but sinus pauses ≥3 s, high-grade atrioventricular blocks, and atrial fibrillation/flutter were rare (&lt;1%). Polymorphic premature ventricular contractions (PVC, 1.4%) and idioventricular rhythm (0.005%) were also rare. PVC couplets were relatively prevalent (10.7%), but complex ventricular arrhythmias were not frequent (PVC triplets: 1.8%; sustained ventricular tachycardia: 0.0%; and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia: 1.5%). On the other hand, no associations were found between arrhythmias (including their different morphologies) and major cardiac structural alterations (including mitral prolapse). However, an association was found between mild mitral regurgitation and supraventricular (odds ratio 2.61; 95% confidence interval 1.08–6.32) and ventricular (2.80; 1.15–6.78; p = 0.02) arrhythmias, as well as between mild or moderate mitral regurgitation and ventricular arrhythmias (2.49; 1.03–6.01).ConclusionsIrrespective of the sports discipline, “dangerous” ventricular arrhythmias are overall infrequent even among young elite athletes who require Holter monitoring due to the presence of symptoms or abnormal echocardiographic/ECG findings, and do not seem to be associated with underlying serious cardiac structural pathologies

Micro Gas Turbine and Solar Parabolic Dish for distributed generation

[EN]A thermodynamic model for a Brayton-like microturbine in combination with a solar parabolic dish is analyzed in order to evaluate its efficiency under any ambient condition. The thermodynamic cycle is a recuperative Brayton cycle with internal irreversibilities in the recuperator, compressor and turbine and external losses associated to the heat transfers in the solar receiver, the combustion chamber, and the environment. All the irreversibilities have been taken into account in the model with home-software elaborated using Mathematicaâ. The model validation is done by comparison with results provided by Semprini et al. [1]. An analysis of hybrid and sunless performance is carried out for four different microturbine power outlets (30, 23, 15 and 7 kWe) and for four days of the year (corresponding to each season). The greenhouse emissions are also calculated for both off-design performance and for the four power output levels

Ejercicio activo en la fase aguda posquirúrgica de una reconstrucción del ligamento cruzado anterior: revisión sistemática

Rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the most common injuries, accounting for almost 50% of the total knee ligament injuries. Over the years, several practical guides and protocols have been created for it treatment. However, although several studies confirm the benefits of early rehabilitation, there is no consensus on what active exercises should be performed in early stages. Therefore, in this study a systematic review has been carried out with the objective of analyzing randomized clinical trials that have applied exercises in the early rehabilitation of an ACL reconstruction. This study aims to determine if active exercise in the post-surgical acute phase reports benefits and shortens the treatment time. The results showed significant differences in the different variables (strength, pain, range of motion, ligament laxity and circumference of the lower limb) compared to the initial assessment of the respective protocols. Therefore, active exercise seems to be effective for the recovery in early postsurgical phases, highlighting the work of strengthening quadriceps in the early phase for the gain of range of motion and decrease of symptomatology. There are currently not enough studies done during the first two weeks after surgery to confirm the benefits of active exercise.La rotura del ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) es una de las lesiones más comunes, que constituyen casi el 50% del total de las lesiones ligamentosas de rodilla. A lo largo de los años se han creado diversas guías prácticas y protocolos para su tratamiento. Sin embargo, aunque varios estudios confirman los beneficios que aporta una rehabilitación precoz, no existe consenso sobre qué ejercicios activos se deberían realizar en fases tempranas. Por ello, en este estudio se ha llevado a cabo una revisión sistemática con el objetivo de analizar ensayos clínicos aleatorizados que han aplicado ejercicios en la rehabilitación precoz de una reconstrucción del LCA. Este estudio pretende determinar si el ejercicio activo en fase aguda posquirúrgica reporta beneficios y acorta el tiempo de tratamiento. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas en las diferentes variables (fuerza, dolor, rango de movimiento, laxitud ligamentaria y circunferencia del miembro inferior) en comparación con la valoración inicial de los respectivos protocolos. Por lo tanto, el ejercicio activo parece ser efectivo para favorecer la recuperación en fases tempranas posquirúrgicas, destacando el trabajo de potenciación de cuádriceps en fase precoz para la ganancia de rango de movimiento y disminución de la sintomatología. Actualmente no existen suficientes estudios realizados durante las dos primeras semanas posquirúrgicas para confirmar los beneficios del ejercicio activo