Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from an Amazonian fragmented landscape, Juara, Mato Grosso, Brazil, with new records of ant species

The state of Mato Grosso is the 3rd largest Brazilian state, is covered with three major Brazilian biomes, including the Pantanal, Cerrado, and Amazonia. To date, 449 ant species are recorded in literature for the state. In the present work, we documented the ants sampled along a fragmented landscape, in the municipality of Juara, in the Cerrado-Amazon transition zone in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The ant species were captured with Pitfall traps installed in 20 trails with 10 traps in each (totaling 200). Our results show 151 species, belonging to 43 genera and eight subfamilies, of which 28 species were recorded for the first time in the state and five species recorded for the first time in Brazil. Most genera collected were Pheidole Westwood, 1839 (45 species) followed by Crematogaster Lund, 1831 (11 species). By highlighting species recorded for the first time in state of Mato Grosso and Brazil, we hope to encourage new discoveries and increase the general knowledge of the ant fauna of different biomes in the region

DIAGNÓSTICO DA RELAÇÃO ENTRE A ARBORIZAÇÃO E A DIVERSIDADE DE ABELHAS SEM FERRÃO (APIDAE: MELIPONINI) NO CAMPUS TAPAJÓS E NO BOSQUE MEKDECE LOCALIZADOS EM SANTARÉM, PA

ABSTRACT: The study aimed to characterize the significance of afforestation as an instrument to conserve the biodiversity of stingless bees in the Tapajós Campus and the Mekdece Forest, located in the city of Santarém, PA. Each nest was georeferenced, photographed, its height was measured in relation to the soil, for arboreal substrates the circumference of the trunk was also measured at 1.30m. The collected bees were identified from the nest entry architecture and identification key. We found wealth, abundance, and diversity. Twelve nests were found in 6 different species: Trigona guianae (N = 2), Melipona (Melikerria) interrupta (N = 3), Melipona seminigra aff pernigra (N = 1), Trigona pallens (N=3), Tetragona clavipes (N = 2), Scapitotrigona sp (N = 1). The Shannon-Wiener (H ') diversity indexes were 1.56 in the Tapajós Campus and 1.04 in the Mekdece Forest, while the Pielou (J) equitability indexes were 0.97 in the Tapajós Campus and 0.95 in the Mekdece Forest, the nest density was 1 nest per hectare (Campus) and 3 nests per hectare (Forest). In relation to the nesting in trees, in the Tapajós Campus 5 nests were identified in Dalbergia spruceana and 1 nest in Copaifera martii. In the Mekdece Forest, 3 nests were identified in the same tree species (Inga heterophylla). Concerning the nesting of bees in the soil were found 2 nests of the species Trigona guianae in the Campus and 1 nest of Trigona pallens in the Forest. It was found in the two study sites that most of the nests (75%) were associated with arboreal substrates and 25% of the nests found were located in the soil.KEYWORDS: Conservation, Nesting, Stingless bees.RESUMEN: El estudio objetivó caracterizar la significancia de la arborización como instrumento de conservación de la biodiversidad de abejas sin aguijón en el Campus Tapajós y en el Bosque Mekdece, ubicados en la ciudad de Santarém, PA. Cada nido encontrado fue georreferenciado, fotografiado, midió su altura en relación al suelo, para sustratos arbóreos se midió también la Circunferencia del tronco a 1,30m. Las abejas recolectadas fueron identificadas a partir de la arquitectura de entrada del nido y de la clave de identificación. Se verificó la riqueza, abundancia y diversidad Se encontraron en total 12 nidos, pertenecientes a 6 especies diferentes: Trigona guianae (N=2), Melipona (Melikerria) interrupta (N=3), Melipona seminigra aff pernigra (N=1), Trigona pallens(N=3), Tetragona clavipes (N=2), Scapitotrigona sp. (N=1). Los índices de diversidad Shannon-Wiener (H ') fueron 1,56 en el Campus Tapajós y 1,04 en el Bosque Mekdece, ya los índices de equidad de Pielou (J) fueron 0,97 en el Campus Tapajós y 0,95 en el Bosque Mekdece, la densidad de los nidos fue de 1 nido por hectárea (Campus) y 3 nidos por hectárea (Bosque). Con respecto a la nidificación en árboles, en el Campus Tapajós se identificaron 5 nidos en Dalbergia spruceana y 1 nido en Copaifera martii, ya en el Bosque Mekdece se identificaron 3 nidos en una misma especie arbórea (Inga heterophylla). En cuanto a la nidificación de abejas en el suelo se encontraron 2 nidos de la especie Trigona guianae en el Campus y 1 nido de Trigona pallens en el Bosque. Se constató en los dos lugares de estudio que la mayoría de los nidos (75%) estaban asociados a sustratos arbóreos y el 25% de los nidos encontrados estaban localizados en el suelo.PALABRAS CLAVE: Abejas sin aguijón, Conservación, Nidificación.RESUMO: O estudo objetivou caracterizar a significância da arborização como instrumento de conservação da biodiversidade de abelhas sem ferrão no Campus Tapajós e no Bosque Mekdece, localizados na cidade de Santarém, PA. Cada ninho encontrado foi georreferenciado, fotografado, mediu-se sua altura em relação ao solo, para substratos arbóreos mediu-se também a Circunferência do tronco a 1,30 m. As abelhas coletadas foram identificadas a partir da arquitetura de entrada do ninho e de chave de identificação. Verificou-se a riqueza, abundância e diversidade. Foram encontrados ao todo 12 ninhos, pertencentes a 6 espécies diferentes: Trigona guianae (N=2), Melipona (Melikerria) interrupta (N=3), Melipona seminigra aff pernigra (N=1), Trigona pallens (N=3), Tetragona clavipes (N=2), Scapitotrigona sp. (N=1). Os índices de diversidade Shannon-Wiener (H’) foram 1,56 no Campus Tapajós e 1,04 no Bosque Mekdece, já os índices de equitabilidade de Pielou (J) foram 0,97 no Campus Tapajós e 0,95 no Bosque Mekdece, a densidade dos ninhos foi de 1 ninho por hectare (Campus) e 3 ninhos por hectare (Bosque). Com relação à nidificação em árvores, no Campus Tapajós foram identificados 5 ninhos em Dalbergia spruceana e 1 ninho em Copaifera martii, já no Bosque Mekdece identificou-se 3 ninhos em uma mesma espécie arbórea (Inga heterophylla). Quanto à nidificação de abelhas no solo foram encontrados 2 ninhos da espécie Trigona guianae no Campus e 1 ninho de Trigona pallens no Bosque. Constatou-se nos dois locais de estudo que a maioria dos ninhos (75%) estava associada a substratos arbóreos e 25% dos ninhos encontrados estavam localizados no solo.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Abelhas sem ferrão, Conservação, Nidificação

Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from an Amazonian fragmented landscape, Juara, Mato Grosso, Brazil, with new records of ant species

Abstract The state of Mato Grosso is the 3rd largest Brazilian state, is covered with three major Brazilian biomes, including the Pantanal, Cerrado, and Amazonia. To date, 449 ant species are recorded in literature for the state. In the present work, we documented the ants sampled along a fragmented landscape, in the municipality of Juara, in the Cerrado-Amazon transition zone in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The ant species were captured with Pitfall traps installed in 20 trails with 10 traps in each (totaling 200). Our results show 151 species, belonging to 43 genera and eight subfamilies, of which 28 species were recorded for the first time in the state and five species recorded for the first time in Brazil. Most genera collected were Pheidole Westwood, 1839 (45 species) followed by Crematogaster Lund, 1831 (11 species). By highlighting species recorded for the first time in state of Mato Grosso and Brazil, we hope to encourage new discoveries and increase the general knowledge of the ant fauna of different biomes in the region

João Guimarães Rosa

Artisan des mots, magicien du verbe, l'écrivain brésilien João Guimarães Rosa (1908-1967) a construit une œuvre monumentale par la singularité de son univers imaginaire. Les contributions réunies dans cet ouvrage, à l'occasion du centenaire de sa naissance, revisitent cette œuvre ancrée dans l'imaginaire du sertão de Minas Gerais – « un lieu de la taille du monde ». Il constitue un guide indispensable pour le lecteur qui veut s'aventurer à traverser ce territoire imprévisible et fascinant. Les approches critiques plurielles y explorent les thématiques liées aux rapports entre mémoire, territoire et identité, ainsi que le dialogue que son œuvre instaure avec les traditions littéraire et philosophique ou avec d'autres formes d'expression artistique. Ces études mettent en relief le caractère dense, poétique et pluriel de l'écriture de João Guimarães Rosa qui nourrit ses contes, nouvelles et son roman Diadorim, que Mario Vargas Llosa considère comme « l'une des œuvres formellement les plus abouties du siècle »

Professores e Alunos: o engendramento da violência da escola

The school violence engendering is partially analyzed, considering the violence production in the school environment. This is a bibliographic research with quantitative and qualitative approach. Sources: 77 theses and 15 dissertations carried out in Brazil (2007 to 2012). Data collection and organization: Content Analysis. Main reference: Bernard Charlot and Pierre Bourdieu. Results: the sources showed that Brazilian teachers participate effectively in the school violence engendering, contributing to violence production in the school environment. The students are the main victims. The teacher is less affected by physical and verbal violence. The symbolic power is the most perpetrated by the teacher against the student. The school also plays a major role in it.Analisa-se o engendramento de uma face da violência da escola, tendo em vista a produção da violência em espaço escolar. Pesquisa bibliográfica quanti-qualitativa. Fontes: 77 dissertações e 15 teses produzidas no Brasil (2007 a 2012). Coleta e organização dos dados: Análise de Conteúdo. Fundamentação base: Bernard Charlot e Pierre Bourdieu. Resultados: as fontes apontaram que professores brasileiros são protagonistas na constituição da violência da escola, contribuindo para a produção da violência em espaço escolar. Os alunos são as principais vítimas dessa violência. O professor sofre menos violência física e verbal do que o aluno. A violência simbólica é a mais usada pelo professor contra o aluno. A escola também usa desse expediente

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data