Active Methodologies in Teaching Human Anatomy: An Integrative Review

Human anatomy is one of the fundamental disciplines for the training of health professionals, especially in the medical field. Its didactic origin is based on the European school where the body was dissected in amphitheaters and anatomical knowledge was transmitted from the teacher to his students. With the restructuring of medical curricula, and the use of active methodologies, seeking to make the student the center of the learning process, anatomy started to be taught in another way. This study carries out an integrative review in the Scielo, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases, from 2015 to 2020, about the active methodologies used in the teaching of human anatomy for the medical course. The PICo strategy was used to form the guiding question and the results were presented through the Prisma Flow diagram. It was found that there are a number of tools and strategies that can be used aiming at the active teaching of human anatomy, however, a common point observed in most works is the approach of joint use with cadavers and anatomical parts, thus seeking to stimulate the development of the skills and competences of medical students

Diversity, chemical constituents and biological activities of endophytic fungi isolated from Schinus terebinthifolius raddi

Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi is a medicinal plant widely used for the treatment of various diseases. The secondary metabolites responsible for the pharmacological properties can be produced directly by the plant or by endophytic fungi. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diversity of endophytic fungi of di erent parts of S. terebinthifolius and to identify chemical compounds produced by endophytes and their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. For this, fruits, stem bark and roots were dried, ground and placed in fungal growth medium. The selected endophytes were grown and subjected to extraction with ethyl acetate. DPPH, FRAP, -carotene bleaching and antimicrobial assays were performed. The phylogenetic tree was elaborated, encompassing 15 di erent species. The fungal extracts showed hydroxybenzoic acids and 1-dodecanol as predominant compounds. All fungal extracts exhibited antioxidant activity. The fungal extracts exhibited bactericidal and bacteriostatic activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial ATCC strains and against methicillin-resistant nosocomial bacteria. Among the 10 endophytic fungi evaluated, the extract of the fungus Ochrocladosporium elatum showed higher phenolic content and exhibited higher antioxidant and antibacterial activities in all tests. Together, the results increase the known diversity of S. terebinthifolius endophytic fungi, secondary metabolites produced and their antioxidant and antibacterial activities.Thisworkwas supported by grants fromFoundation to Support to Fundação deApoio aoDesenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado deMato Grosso do Sul (FUNDECT), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Conservation of wild mushrooms through electron beam irradiation

The high perishability is a characteristic of the mushrooms consumed in fresh. Therefore, it is mandatory the application of effective conservation technologies to preserve and protect their chemical composition and nutritional value. Drying processes are widely used, but do not avoid the development of bacteria and fungi which have the ability to survive for long periods of time in dry foods, causing the loss of some nutrients and leading to food browning and oxidation of lipids and vitamins [1]. Irradiation appears as an alternative to food preservation assuring and maintaining its quality [2]. In this work, the effects of electron beam irradiation and storage time on nutritional and chemical parameters of wild samples of Macrolepiota procera (Scop.) Singer, previously submitted to a drying process (oven at 30 ºC), were assessed. The wild mushroom samples were collected in Trás-os-Montes; electron beam irradiation (doses 0.5, 1 and 6 kGy) was carried out in the INCT- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology in Warsaw, Poland and the analyses were performed over the storage period (0, 6 and 12 months). The results were compared with a control (non-irradiated samples). The nutritional value was determined according to the official procedures of food analysis, while the profiles of fatty acids, tocopherols, mono and oligosaccharides were obtained by chromatographic techniques [1]. The irradiation showed a better capacity to maintain the nutritional and chemical profile, in comparison with the storage time. Effectively, the storage time had a significant effect in all parameters, but fatty acids undergone significant changes both with irradiation doses and storage time. Electron beam irradiation can be considered a suitable technique for conservation of mushrooms for long periods of time, attenuating the changes caused by the drying treatment.The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) and FEDER under Programme PT2020 for financial support to CIMO (UID/AGR/00690/2013), A. Fernandes (SFRH/BPD/114753/2016) and J.C.M. Barreira contract.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Microbiological quality, chemical profile as well as antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi

Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, commonly known as Brazilian peppertree, is a plant species widely used in Brazilian traditional medicine for various purposes. The objective of this study was to assess the microbiological quality, safety, chemical profile as well as antioxidant and antidiabetic potentials of different parts of S. terebinthifolius. Microbiological analysis of the methanolic extracts of the roots (MESR), stem bark (MESB) and leaves (MESL) of S. terebinthifolius showed no microbial growth. The concentrations of phenolic compounds, phenolic acids and flavonoids were determined by spectrophotometry. The phenolic compounds of the MESL were identified by liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector and mass spectrometer (LC-DAD-MS). The antioxidant activities of the extracts were analyzed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl radical (DPPH[rad]), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical (ABTS[rad] + ), fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), reducing power, β-carotene bleaching and malondialdehyde (MDA) assays in human erythrocytes. The antidiabetic properties of the extracts were demonstrated in vitro by their inhibition of the α-glucosidase enzyme and their anti-glycation activity via fructose and glyoxal. After showing no acute toxicity in vivo, MESL was able to lower postprandial glycemia after glucose overload in normoglycemic mice as well as the water and feed intake, liver weight, glycemia and serum levels of glycated hemoglobin, aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) in diabetic mice. Overall, S. terebinthifolius extracts showed microbiological safety along with antioxidant and antidiabetic activities, likely mediated by its chemical constituents, such as gallic acid, gallotannins and glycosylated flavonolsThis work was supported by grants from Foundation to Support to Fundação de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul (FUNDECT), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A MULHER NADADORA NA PERSPECTIVA DA REVISTA EDUCAÇÃO PHYSICA (1932-1945): DA ESTRATÉGIA PUBLICITÁRIA À ATLETA POTENCIAL

Artigo Rede CEDES - UFPR publicado no 1º ENCONTRO DA ALESDEApresenta-se uma análise histórica sobre a forma como a natação feminina, sobretudo a mulher nadadora, era abordada no interior da Revista Educação Physica. O presente estudo partiu do levantamento de todas as publicações do periódico (de 1932 a 1945), apresentando a descrição dos conteúdos publicados na Revista que falavam ou citavam a mulher na natação. Após a reflexão, concluiu-se que a mulher passou de estratégia editorial à atleta potencial sob a perspectiva desta Revista.Rede CEDE

Antiobesity Effects of Hydroethanolic Extract of Jacaranda decurrens

Obesity is a worldwide epidemic that reduces life expectancy; therefore, the search for new alternative and effective treatments is ongoing. The aim of the present investigation was to identify the chemical compounds in the hydroethanolic extract of leaves of Jacaranda decurrens subsp. symmetrifoliolata and to evaluate their toxicity and antiobesity effects. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to identify the chemical constituents, and acute toxicity was evaluated in rats treated with doses of 2 and 5 g·kg−1 body mass. The antiobesity effect was determined in rats with hypercaloric diet-induced obesity. Our results revealed the presence of compounds, such as jacaric, ursolic, and oleic acids, as well as luteolin, quercetin, and kaempferol, in the extract. The acute toxicity tests revealed that rats treated with elevated doses of the extract showed no signs of toxicity. The extract induced reduction in total body mass and the white adipose tissue depots. The obese rats treated with the extract showed an increased fluid intake and feces excretion while their serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels decreased compared to those in the controls, without any hematological changes. Taken together, the results showed that the constituents of J. decurrens extracts included phenolic compounds and exhibited antiobesity effects with no toxicity

Influence of grape seed oil on sun protection factor in sunscreen formulations: a study using Central Composite Design approach

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the grape seed oil (GSO) on the sun protection factor (SPF) of sunscreen emulsified formulations containing butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (avobenzone (AVO)) and octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC) developed by phase inversion temperature (PIT) employing a Central Composite Design. Formulations were prepared by PIT emulsification process. Seventeen emulsions containing different amounts of GSO, AVO and OMC were obtained according to experimental design. In vitro SPF was determined using a spectrophotometric method. As expected, formulations with the highest concentrations of UV filters, AVO and OMC, resulted in the highest SPF values, while the lowest SPF values were obtained by formulations containing concentrations of these filters below the central point. In the tested concentrations, the variable OMC and its combination with GSO showed to influence the SPF linearly as a function of their concentrations in formulations. The combination of GSO with OMC contributed to increase in vitro SPF. The use of natural compounds with antioxidant activity, such as GSO, is a viable strategy to increase the effectiveness of sunscreens to protect the human skin against UV-induced damage

CRIAÇÃO E PRODUÇÃO DA IDENTIDADE VISUAL DA EMPRESA M.O. BASES METÁLICAS

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo relatar todo o processo de criação e produção de identidade visual para a empresa M.O. Bases Metálicas, uma das empresas incubadas no Núcleo de Inovação Tecnológica da Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina. O trabalho foi desenvolvido por acadêmicos da terceira fase do Curso de Comunicação Social – Habilitação em Publicidade e Propaganda, envolvendo as disciplinas de Língua Portuguesa – Redação Publicitária I (Impresso e Web) e Programação Visual. Para o desenvolvimento do trabalho foi necessário, inicialmente, fazer um briefing com o cliente para conhecer o histórico da empresa, quais os produtos com que ela trabalha, seus objetivos de marketing e o seu posicionamento diante do mercado. Por meio da análise destas informações, notou-se que a empresa se preocupa com o meio ambiente pelo fato de comercializar escoras metálicas, diferenciando-se também da concorrência, que comercializa escoras de madeira. Como resultado final foi criada uma nova logo que representa, a partir de uma análise semiótica, a firmeza, responsabilidade e comprometimento da empresa com o meio ambiente e com a mão de obra do trabalhador civil. O resultado final do trabalho foi satisfatório, alcançando os objetivos traçados com sucesso e adquirindo conhecimento técnico e prático com o projeto.Palavras-chave: Identidade Visual. Semiótica. Meio Ambiente. Conhecimento.

REFLECTIONS ON THE SUPPORT NETWORK OF USERS OF A MENTAL HEALTH REFERENCE CENTER IN BELO HORIZONTE FROM THE EXPERIENCE OF THE GAM GROUP

Introdução: A partir do movimento da Reforma Psiquiátrica e com a aprovação da Lei Federal 10.216/2001, instituiu-se no Brasil uma política de saúde mental baseada no respeito aos direitos humanos e no tratamento em liberdade. Pesquisadores e usuários da saúde mental, através da experiência de países europeus, buscam incorporar novas estratégias de cuidado. A estratégia Gestão Autônoma da Medicação, orientada pelos princípios do recovery, se propõe a deslocar a centralidade do saber médico, proporcionando espaço de discussão com usuários, valorização de vivências, sentimentos e necessidades de cada indivíduo, por meio da corresponsabilização. Método: Trata-se de relato de experiência a respeito de um projeto de implantação de um grupo GAM como uma estratégia de melhoria de cuidado realizado em um Centro de Referência em Saúde Mental em Belo Horizonte. O projeto foi delineado e desenvolvido no âmbito da Residência Integrada de Saúde Mental do Hospital Odilon Behrens e Rede de Atenção Psicossocial de Belo Horizonte, realizada há quase uma década no município. Resultados: Desenvolveu-se um grupo GAM ao longo de três meses, com participação de, em média, cinco usuários por encontros semanais, com duração de uma hora cada. Conclusão: A estratégia GAM mostrou-se como ferramenta capaz de convocar trabalhadores e usuários para ocuparem um espaço coletivo de produção de cuidado, embora algumas dificuldades tenham surgido, como a pouca adesão. Todavia, o processo de implementação da estratégia demonstrou plausível sua aplicabilidade, mesmo em um dispositivo de urgência.Introduction: From the Psychiatric Reform movement and with the approval of Federal Law 10,216/2001, a mental health policy based on respect for human rights and treatment in freedom was instituted in Brazil. Mental health researchers and users, through the experience of European countries, seek to incorporate new care strategies. The Autonomous Medication Management strategy, guided by the principles of recovery, proposes to shift the centrality of medical knowledge, providing a space for discussion with users, valuing the experiences, feelings and needs of each individual, through co-responsibility. Method: This is an experience report about a project to implement a GAM group as a care improvement strategy carried out in a Reference Center for Mental Health in Belo Horizonte. The project was designed and developed within the scope of the Integrated Mental Health Residency at Hospital Odilon Behrens and the Psychosocial Care Network of Belo Horizonte, held for nearly a decade in the city. Results: A GAM group was developed over three months, with the participation of, on average, five users in weekly meetings, lasting one hour each. Conclusion: The GAM strategy proved to be a tool capable of summoning workers and users to occupy a collective space that seeks the production of care, although some difficulties have arisen, such as poor adherence. However, the strategy implementation process demonstrated its applicability plausible, even in an emergency device