13 research outputs found

    Acesso, uso e qualidade da atenção em saúde e diabetes : pesquisa nacional de saúde 2013 e 2019

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    O diabetes é uma doença crônica de impacto global e a frequência dos não diagnosticados varia entre a população. No Brasil, aproximadamente um terço dos adultos com diabetes não são diagnosticados. Objetivou-se descrever a evolução do acesso ao diagnóstico de diabetes entre 2013 e 2019 e as iniquidades associadas a fatores demográficos, socioeconômicos e clínicos, e analisar a qualidade da atenção à saúde fornecida a pessoas com diagnóstico de diabetes no Brasil, em 2019. Foram utilizados dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS). As edições de 2013 e 2019 da PNS foram realizadas em amostras probabilísticas de brasileiros com 18 anos ou mais. Definimos o acesso ao diagnóstico do diabetes por autorrelato e consideramos um teste ou consulta recente quando realizado ao longo dos dois anos anteriores. A qualidade da atenção à saúde fornecida a pessoas com diagnóstico de diabetes foi medida a partir do diagnóstico prévio de diabetes e classificada em três dimensões: acesso e utilização dos serviços de saúde, cuidado quanto às orientações de hábitos de vida saudáveis e acompanhamento das ações para detecção de complicações. Utilizou-se a regressão de Poisson com variância robusta para avaliar correlações de acesso diagnóstico, expressando-os com razões de prevalência (RP) e seus respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC 95%). O acesso ao diagnóstico e ao cuidado de diabetes foi alto. Mais de 70% dos participantes sem diagnóstico de diabetes (18 anos ou mais) relataram ter feito teste glicêmico nos últimos dois anos, 71% em 2013 e 77% em 2019. Isso é consistente com um acesso também amplo à consulta médica nos dois anos anteriores, 86% e 89% em 2013 e 2019, respectivamente. Ao analisarmos o acesso ao teste diagnóstico e realização de consulta recente, o acesso permanece elevado, 67% e 74%, respectivamente. Ter maior idade, escolaridade e obesidade, diagnóstico prévio de hipertensão e ser mulher associaram-se ao maior acesso ao diagnóstico de diabetes (p< 0,001). Em contrapartida, relatar ser preto ou pardo (cor parda), residir na zona rural e não possuir plano de saúde esteve associado ao menor acesso ao diagnóstico (p<0,001). Com relação à qualidade da atenção à saúde, o uso regular dos serviços de saúde para acompanhamento do diabetes também foi elevado, inclusive para os moradores em áreas rurais. As orientações de hábitos de vida saudáveis e a solicitação da glicemia estiveram presentes em mais de 90% dos atendimentos. A prevalência da realização do exame de vista (fundo de olho) foi em torno de 50% e do exame dos pés para verificar sensibilidade ou presença de feridas não ultrapassou 30%. Embora o acesso ao diagnóstico e ao cuidado para diabetes seja elevado no Brasil, devido ao seu sistema universal de saúde, iniquidades sociais ainda estão presentes, exigindo ações específicas no sistema de saúde, principalmente nas áreas rurais e entre os autodeclarados negros ou pardos.Diabetes is a chronic disease of global impact and the frequency of the undiagnosed varies among the population. In Brazil, approximately one third of adults with diabetes go undiagnosed. This study aimed to describe the evolution of access to diabetes diagnosis and between 2013 and 2019 and the inequities associated with demographic, socioeconomic and clinical factors, and to analyze the quality of health care provided to people diagnosed with diabetes in Brazil in 2019. Data from the National Health Survey (PNS) were used. The 2013 and 2019 editions of the PNS were conducted on probabilistic samples of Brazilians aged 18 years or older. We defined access to diabetes diagnosis by self-report and considered a recent test or consultation when performed over the previous two years. The quality of health care provided to people diagnosed with diabetes was measured from the previous diagnosis of diabetes and classified into three criteria: variables of access to and use of health services, care variables regarding the orientation of healthy lifestyle habits and variables of follow-up of actions to detect complications. Poisson regression with robust variance was used to evaluate diagnostic access correlations, expressing them with prevalence ratios (PR) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Access to diabetes diagnosis and care was high. More than 70% of participants without a diabetes diagnosis (18 years or older) reported having taken a glycemic test in the past two years, 71% in 2013 and 77% in 2019. This is consistent with also broad access to medical consultation in the previous two years, 86% and 89% in 2013 and 2019, respectively. When analyzing access to the diagnostic test and those who had a recent consultation, access remains high, 67% and 74%, respectively. Being older, having schooling and obesity, a previous diagnosis of hypertension and being a woman were associated with greater access to the diagnosis of diabetes (p< 0.001). On the other hand, reporting being black or brown (brown), living in rural areas and not having health insurance was associated with lower access to diagnosis (p<0.001). Regarding the quality of health care, the regular use of health services for diabetes monitoring was also high, including for residents in rural areas. Counselling regarding a healthy lifestyle habit and the request of blood glucose were present in more than 90% of the visits. The prevalence of the examination of the eye (fundus) was around 50% and the examination of the feet to verify sensitivity or presence of wounds did not exceed 30%. Although access to diagnosis and care for diabetes is high in Brazil, due to its universal health system, social inequities are still present, requiring specific actions in the health system, especially in rural areas and among self-declared blacks or mixed-race

    Access to diabetes diagnosis in Brazil based on recent testing and consultation : the Brazilian national health survey, 2013 and 2019

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    Background: Screening for undiagnosed diabetes using glucose testing is recommended globally to allow preventive action among those detected. Our aim was to evaluate the access to glucose testing to screen for diabetes in Brazil using self-reported information on recent testing and medical consultation from national surveys of Brazilian adults. Methods: The Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS) was conducted in 2013 and 2019 drawing probabilistic samples of Brazilians aged 18 years and above. To evaluate glucose testing among those undiagnosed, we excluded those self-reporting a previous diagnosis of diabetes. We then defined recent access to diabetes diagnosis by considering the previous two years and choosing the last blood glucose test and the proximal medical consultation reported. We used Poisson regression with robust variance to assess correlates of access, expressing them with adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and their 95% confidence intervals. Results: Access to recent glucose testing documented that over 70% reported a recent glycemic test, 71% in 2013, and 77% in 2019. These findings are consistent with a wide recent access to medical consultation, 86% and 89% in 2013 and 2019, respectively. Reporting recent glucose testing and medical consultation may better reflect the actual access to medical diagnostic testing. When analyzing this joint outcome, diagnostic access was still wide, 67% and 74%, respectively. Greater access (p< 0.001) was seen for women (PR=1.16; 1.15-1.17), older individuals (PR=1.25; 1.22-1.28), and those with higher education (PR=1.17; 1.15-1.18), obesity (PR=1.06; 1.05-1.08), and hypertension (PR=1.12; 1.11-1.13). In contrast, lower access (p<0.001) was seen for those declaring being Black (PR=0.97; 0.95-0.99) or of mixed-race (PR=0.97; 0.96-0.98), those residing in rural areas (PR=0.89; 0.87-0.90), and not having a private health insurance plan (PR=0.85; 0.84-0.86). Conclusions: Although access to diagnostic testing for diabetes is high in Brazil, partly due to its universal health system, social inequities are still present, demanding specific actions, particularly in rural areas and among those self-declaring as being Black or mixed-race

    A DEMOCRATIZAÇÃO DO ACESSO À SAÚDE EM LIBRAS: UM RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA

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    A comunicação é a principal ferramenta para o processo de acolhimento e fortalecimento da relação médico-paciente. Apesar dos princípios de integralidade, equidade e universalidade previstos pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), verifica-se que tais características são especificadas para as necessidades da comunidade surda. Dito isto, uma população surda é evidentemente negligenciada durante as ações do serviço de saúde, visto que o meio de comunicação apresenta falhas profundas em sua fundação perpetuando o distanciamento social durante o cuidado. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste relato de experiência é compartilhar com a comunidade acadêmica a importância da língua de sinais para uma comunicação eficaz e humanizada nos serviços de saúde. Para isso, o evento “Saúde em Libras”, realizado online e transmitido através da plataforma Youtube, contou com a presença de cerca de 400 pessoas. Por meio dos questionários pré e pós-evento, constatou-se o desconhecimento popular e a desvalorização&nbsp; acadêmica,&nbsp; principalmente&nbsp; na área&nbsp; da&nbsp; saúde,&nbsp; em&nbsp; relação&nbsp; ao conhecimento psicossocial da surdez. Conclui-se que a exposição desse problema contribui para a mudança de perspectiva sobre o acesso à saúde pela comunidade surda para possibilitar melhor intervenção para minimizar o problema

    A DEMOCRATIZAÇÃO DO ACESSO À SAÚDE EM LIBRAS: UM RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA

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    A comunicação é a principal ferramenta para o processo de acolhimento e fortalecimento da relação médico-paciente. Apesar dos princípios de integralidade, equidade e universalidade previstos pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), verifica-se que tais características são especificadas para as necessidades da comunidade surda. Dito isto, uma população surda é evidentemente negligenciada durante as ações do serviço de saúde, visto que o meio de comunicação apresenta falhas profundas em sua fundação perpetuando o distanciamento social durante o cuidado. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste relato de experiência é compartilhar com a comunidade acadêmica a importância da língua de sinais para uma comunicação eficaz e humanizada nos serviços de saúde. Para isso, o evento “Saúde em Libras”, realizado online e transmitido através da plataforma Youtube, contou com a presença de cerca de 400 pessoas. Por meio dos questionários pré e pós-evento, constatou-se o desconhecimento popular e a desvalorização  acadêmica,  principalmente  na área  da  saúde,  em  relação  ao conhecimento psicossocial da surdez. Conclui-se que a exposição desse problema contribui para a mudança de perspectiva sobre o acesso à saúde pela comunidade surda para possibilitar melhor intervenção para minimizar o problema

    Aspectos metodológicos e desafios da Coorte On-line Comportamento Alimentar e Saúde Mental (COCASa) de docentes e discentes universitários durante a pandemia da COVID-19

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    O distanciamento social adotado para controle da COVID-19 obrigou Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) a aderirem a novas estratégias para realização das atividades acadêmicas e muitas pesquisas passaram a ser realizadas em ambientes virtuais. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever os aspectos metodológicos e principais desafios enfrentados para a execução do projeto COCASa, um estudo de coorte on-line sobre comportamento alimentar e saúde mental de docentes e discentes de IES do Brasil. O estudo foi iniciado em julho de 2020 e acompanhará os participantes por dois anos. Adotou-se amostragem não probabilística estratificada proporcional com a utilização de escalas, de inquérito alimentar e de questões estruturadas elaboradas pela equipe do projeto. Entre os participantes do baseline, 4.074 discentes e 2.210 docentes iniciaram o questionário e, respectivamente, 76,8% e 85,1% finalizaram o preenchimento. Em ambos os grupos, a maior participação foi de mulheres (docentes: 66,7% e discentes: 76,2%) e residentes nas regiões Nordeste (docentes: 37% e discentes: 50,9%) e Sul (docentes: 27,1% e discentes: 22,5%) do Brasil. A pesquisa on-line amplia a possibilidade de recrutamento de participantes e alcança limites territoriais com menor demanda por financiamento. Durante a pandemia da COVID-19, o uso do ambiente virtual tornou-se uma estratégia viável e acessível para a manutenção das atividades de pesquisa, configurando-se como uma provável tendência a ser adotada pela comunidade científica

    Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

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    Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

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    Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

    Get PDF
    Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

    Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

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    Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030
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