Development of risk score to hospitalized patients for clinical pharmacy rationalization in a high complexity hospital

The aim of the present research was to build a tool to classify patients according to drug theraphy risk so as to rationalize the use of clinical pharmaceutical resources in hospital settings. Risk factors selected in the literature available were carefully revised to be included in the score. The selected factors were submitted to univariate and then to multivariate analysis. The significant results were included in the final score model, which divided the hospitalized patients into three groups: low risk, moderate risk and high risk. After that, the score was applied in the hospital and a "risk classification" map was created of the various sectors of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. The score was applied to 1442 patients in nine different areas of the hospital, with 398 (27.6 %) of them presenting high risk, 612 (42.4 %) moderate risk and 432 (29.9 %) low risk. The high risk units were: Pediatric Oncology, the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for adults and the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). The clinical and surgical units, the Protected Environment Unit (PEU) and the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) were classified as moderate risk and the pediatric hospitalization unit as low risk. Considering the patients with renal and/or hepatic problems, cardiac and/or pulmonary problems and immunosuppression and/or immuno deficiency, 50.2 %, 61.5 % and 52.6 %, respectively, presented high score, with all of them taking at least one risk drug.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Comportamento da maturação de frutos de Physalis angulata sob cultivo em sistema agroflorestal

Physalis angulata, é um a espécie cujo a parte aérea e os frutos, detém atributos de importância medicinal e com excelentes qualidades nutricionais. Para o máximo aproveitamento das propriedades nutracêuticas e aumentar a vida útil pós-colheita dos frutos, é necessário conhecer o ponto adequado de colheita. Este trabalhoobjetivou caracterizar físico-quimicamente os frutos de Physalis angulata em diferentes estádios de maturação, visando estabelecer o ponto adequado de colheita.Diariamente três plantas cultivada em sistema agroflorestal, foram acompanhadas quanto à antese da flor e todas as flores abertas no dia foram identificadas com etiquetas. Aos 40 dias após o início da etiquetagem, os frutos foram colhidos em onze estádios de maturação (EM), sendo 13, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 24, 25, 26, 31 e 32 dias após a antese (DAA). O delineamento foi em blocos casualizado, com onze tratamentos (EM), com três repetições. Para cada EM dez frutos por repetição foram analisados quanto a: massa de fruto com cálice e sem cálice; sólidos solúveis; taxa de retenção do fruto; e clorofila total (Cl), carotenoides totais (Ct) e razão Cl/Ct, no fruto e no cálice. Houve efeito significativo da época de colheita em todas as características avaliadas, evidenciando a mudança dessas características com a evolução da maturação. Nas condições do presente experimento, o ponto de colheita para Physalis angulata é dos 25 a 30 DAA, período em que os frutos apresentam elevada massa de fruto, maiores sólidos solúveis e reduzido teor de clorofila, características que definem melhor estádio de maturação para o consumo ou processamento. No entanto, deve-se ter atenção a partir dos 21 DAA, no qual podem ocorrer perdas por queda dos frutos

Drug information center : survey of passive information in university hospital in southern Brazil

Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever as atividades passivas realizadas por um Centro de Informações sobre Medicamentos (CIM) de hospital universitário no sul do Brasil. Resultados: de 2002 a 2008, o total de solicitações recebidas foi de 8035, das quais 30,3% foram realizadas por enfermeiros, 24,3% por farmacêuticos e 15% por técnicos de enfermagem. O tempo gasto para a resposta foi em 56,8% das vezes de até 10 minutos. Os temas mais solicitados foram administração de medicamentos (25,6%), identificação do produto (16,4%), posologia (10,6%) e estabilidade (9,6%). Conclusão: O CIM é uma estratégia na busca pelo uso seguro e racional de medicamentos nos hospitais.Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the passive activities of Drug Information Center (DIC) of a university hospital in southern Brazil. Results: From 2002 to 2008, the total of requests was 8035, of which 30.3% were answered by nurses, 24.3% pharmacists and 15% technical nursing. The time spent to response was less than 10 minutes in 56.8%. The principal requests were about drug administration (25.6%), identification of the product (16.4%), dosage (10.6%) and stability (9.6%). Conclusion: The DIC is a strategy in the search for safe and rational use of drugs in hospitals

The pace of life for forest trees.

Tree growth and longevity trade-offs fundamentally shape the terrestrial carbon balance. Yet, we lack a unified understanding of how such trade-offs vary across the world's forests. By mapping life history traits for a wide range of species across the Americas, we reveal considerable variation in life expectancies from 10 centimeters in diameter (ranging from 1.3 to 3195 years) and show that the pace of life for trees can be accurately classified into four demographic functional types. We found emergent patterns in the strength of trade-offs between growth and longevity across a temperature gradient. Furthermore, we show that the diversity of life history traits varies predictably across forest biomes, giving rise to a positive relationship between trait diversity and productivity. Our pan-latitudinal assessment provides new insights into the demographic mechanisms that govern the carbon turnover rate across forest biomes

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Sensitivity of South American tropical forests to an extreme climate anomaly

The tropical forest carbon sink is known to be drought sensitive, but it is unclear which forests are the most vulnerable to extreme events. Forests with hotter and drier baseline conditions may be protected by prior adaptation, or more vulnerable because they operate closer to physiological limits. Here we report that forests in drier South American climates experienced the greatest impacts of the 2015–2016 El Niño, indicating greater vulnerability to extreme temperatures and drought. The long-term, ground-measured tree-by-tree responses of 123 forest plots across tropical South America show that the biomass carbon sink ceased during the event with carbon balance becoming indistinguishable from zero (−0.02 ± 0.37 Mg C ha −1 per year). However, intact tropical South American forests overall were no more sensitive to the extreme 2015–2016 El Niño than to previous less intense events, remaining a key defence against climate change as long as they are protected

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ