Nasolacrimal duct obstruction due to periodontal disease in domestic rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus - case report: Obstrução do ducto nasolacrimal devido à doença periodontal em coelho doméstico, Oryctolagus cuniculus - relato de caso

Rabbits are animals with a high prevalence of periodontal diseases, which can be explained by anatomical particularities. The roots of the incisive and premolar teeth of the maxilla are very close to the lacrimal duct, and in addition, these animals have continuous teeth growth which can predispose to compression and obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct, resulting in dacryocystitis and leading to secondary ophthalmic problems. As visualization of the oral cavity is only possible under sedation, dental problems are often underdiagnosed. The present report aims to show the case of a female rabbit which had chronic conjunctivitis with purulent secretion associated with the nasolacrimal duct obstruction, secondary to periodontal disease

Diferentes critérios de definição da periodontite em puérperas jovens e sua associação com o baixo peso ao nascer.

Objetivo: comparar três critérios de definição da periodontite na associação da doença periodontal com o baixo peso ao nascer (BPN) em uma população de puérperas jovens de Salvador, BA. Metodologia: aplicaram-se três diferentes critérios de definição da periodontite a uma amostra de 202 mães de bebês com peso ≥ 2.500g (controles) e de 97 mães de bebês com BPN (casos) pertencentes a uma base de dados de um estudo caso-controle prévio. Para a análise da associação entre periodontite e BPN, construíram-se modelos para os três critérios. A regressão logística não-condicional foi realizada para estimar a Odds Ratio (OR) baseada em Intervalos de Confiança a 95%. Resultados: a idade média das mães foi de 26,29 anos. A maioria declarou-se negra/parda (92.64%), não fumante (94,65%) e possuir renda de até um salário-mínimo (61,20%). A ocorrência da periodontite variou de 22,41% a 94,31%, segundo o critério usado. Estimando-se a OR ajustada, a periodontite definida pelo critério 1 [ORajust. =    0,94, IC (95%)= 0,56–1,56], critério 2 [ORajust=1,18, IC(95%)= 0,65-2,13] e critério 3 [ORajust= 0,87, IC(95%)=0,37-3,22] não esteve associada com o BPN. Conclusão: flexibilizar o critério de definição interferiu na magnitude das medidas de ocorrência, mas não influenciou a análise de associação entre a periodontite e o BPN

IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE FATORES DE RISCOS OCUPACIONAIS NO PROCESSO DE ABATE DE BOVINOS

Os acidentes do trabalho constituem o principal agravo à saúde dos trabalhadores e são influenciados por aspectos da situação imediata de trabalho como o maquinário, a tarefa, o meio técnico ou material, mas também pelas relações de trabalho. O abate e a desmancha industrial de animais de pequeno, médio ou grande porte comportam a exposição a fatores de risco de natureza profissional que podem determinar efeitos adversos para a saúde de quem, nesse contexto, desenvolve a sua atividade profissional. Este trabalho objetivou identificar os riscos ocupacionais em um abatedouro de bovinos em São Luís, Maranhão. Constatou-se, através das inspeções realizadas, que os fatores de risco aos quais os trabalhadores estão expostos são relacionados a agentes físicos, químicos, ergonômicos, biológicos e mecânicos. Destaca-se a necessidade de melhoria do ambiente e das condições de trabalho da empresa inspecionada, com vistas à proteção da saúde dos trabalhadores.Palavras-chave: Abatedouro. Riscos ocupacionais. Saúde do trabalhador.IDENTIFICATION OF OCCUPATIONAL RISK IN THE PROCESS OF SLAUGHTER CATTLEAbstract: The work-related injuries constitute a major health problem for workers and are influenced by aspects of the immediate situation of labor as machinery, task, or the technical material, but also for labor relations. The slaughter of animals and cutting industry of small, medium or large size behave exposure to risk factors of a professional nature which can determine the adverse health of those who, in this context, develop their professional activity. This study aimed to identify occupational hazards in one beef slaughterhouse in São Luís, Maranhão. It was found through the inspections performed, that the risk factors to which workers are exposed are related to physical, chemical, ergonomic, biological and mechanical agents. We emphasize the need to improve the environment and working conditions of the inspected slaughterhouse in order to protect the workers' health.Keywords: Slaughterhouse. Occupational risks. Worker's health.IDENTIFICACIÓN DE LOS FACTORES DE RIESGO LABORAL EN EL PROCESO DE LA CARNEO DEL GANADOResumen: Los accidentes relacionados con el trabajo constituyen un problema de salud para los trabajadores y son influenciados por aspectos de la situación inmediata del trabajo de mano de obra como maquinaria, tarea o el material técnico, sino también para las relaciones laborales. El carneo y la demanda industrial de los animales de porte pequeño, mediano o grande son la exposición a factores de riesgo de carácter profesional que pueden determinar efectos perjudiciales para la salud de aquellos que, en este contexto, desarrollan su actividad profesional. Este estudio tiene como objetivo identificar los riesgos laborales en un matadero de ganado en São Luís, Maranhão. Se comprobó a través de las inspecciones realizadas, los factores de riesgo al que están expuestos los trabajadores que estan relacionados a agentes físicos, químicos, ergonómicos, biológicos y mecánicos. Hacemos hincapié en la necesidad de mejorar el medio ambiente y las condiciones de trabajo de la empresa inspeccionada con el fin de proteger la salud de los trabajadores.Palabras clave: Matadero. Riesgos Laborales. La salud ocupacional

Plasmodium vivax Malaria in Pregnant Women in the Brazilian Amazon and the Risk Factors Associated with Prematurity and Low Birth Weight: A Descriptive Study

INTRODUCTION: Plasmodium vivax is the most prevalent malaria species in the American region. Brazil accounts for the higher number of the malaria cases reported in pregnant women in the Americas. This study aims to describe the characteristics of pregnant women with malaria in an endemic area of the Brazilian Amazon and the risk factors associated with prematurity and low birth weight (LBW). METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Between December 2005 and March 2008, 503 pregnant women with malaria that attended a tertiary health centre were enrolled and followed up until delivery and reported a total of 1016 malaria episodes. More than half of study women (54%) were between 20-29 years old, and almost a third were adolescents. The prevalence of anaemia at enrolment was 59%. Most women (286/503) reported more than one malaria episode and most malaria episodes (84.5%, 846/1001) were due to P. vivax infection. Among women with only P. vivax malaria, the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight decreased in multigravidae (OR, 0.36 [95% CI, 0.16-0.82]; p = 0.015 and OR 0.24 [95% CI, 0.10-0.58]; p = 0.001, respectively). The risk of preterm birth decreased with higher maternal age (OR 0.43 [95% CI, 0.19-0.95]; p = 0.037) and among those women who reported higher antenatal care (ANC) attendance (OR, 0.32 [95% CI, 0.15-0.70]; p = 0.005). CONCLUSION: This study shows that P. vivax is the prevailing species among pregnant women with malaria in the region and shows that vivax clinical malaria may represent harmful consequences for the health of the mother and their offsprings particularly on specific groups such as adolescents, primigravidae and those women with lower ANC attendance

A importância da atenção primária à saúde no cuidado ao paciente hipertenso / The importance of primary health care in the care of hypertensive patients

Este artigo buscou analisar a produção científica acerca da relevância da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) na assistência ao paciente hipertenso. A Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (HAS) está associada a diversas complicações cardiovasculares, vasculares e renais. Ações propostas na atenção primária, que é a porta de entrada e o centro articulador do Sistema Único de Saúde, são imprescindíveis na promoção da qualidade de vida, uma vez que possuem grande potencial de identificar as demandas de saúde da população, o que garante maior acesso a ferramentas de prevenção de doenças, promoção à saúde, além do tratamento e redução de agravos resultantes dos níveis pressóricos elevados. Contudo, salienta-se que, por ser uma doença multifatorial com determinantes biológicos e socioculturais, a atuação das equipes de saúde é um grande desafio. A educação em saúde se mostrou um dos principais dispositivos para viabilizar a promoção da saúde na atenção básica no Brasil e constitui-se como uma estratégia para mudanças nos hábitos de vida do paciente. Logo, reforça-se a importância da implantação de políticas nacionais de saúde pública, pautadas em abordagens multiprofissionais e interdisciplinares, que favoreçam a prevenção às doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) e reduza a sobrecarga nos demais níveis de atenção

Human polyomaviruses JC and BK in the urine\ud of Brazilian children and adolescents vertically infected by HIV

The aim of this study was to characterize the urinary excretion of the BK (BKV) and JC (JCV) human polyomavi\ud -\ud ruses in a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children and adolescents. One hundred and fifty-\ud six patients were enrolled: Group I included 116 HIV-infected children and adolescents [median age = 11.4 years (y);\ud range 1-22 y]; Group II included 40 non-HIV-infected healthy controls (median age = 11.37 y; range 7-16 y). Single\ud urine samples from both groups were screened for the presence of JCV and BKV DNA by polymerase chain reaction\ud at enrolment. The overall rate of JCV and BKV urinary excretion was found to be 24.4% and 40.4%, respectively\ud (n = 156). Group I had urinary excretion of JCV and BKV in 27.6% and 54.3% of subjects, respectively. In contrast,\ud Group II showed positive results for JCV in 17.5% of subjects and for BKV in 12.5% of subjects (p Pearson JCV =\ud 0.20; p Pearson BKV < 0.0001). In Group I, there was no association between JCV/BKV shedding and age, gender\ud or CD4 values. Patients with an HIV viral load < 50 copies/mL had a lower excretion of BKV (p < 0.001) and a trend\ud of lower JCV excretion (p = 0.07). One patient in Group I (1/116, 0.9%) showed clinical and radiological features\ud consistent with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, suggesting that children with HIV/polyomavirus coin\ud -\ud fection should be kept under surveillance.Financial support: FAPESP (07/06687-7

The germline mutational landscape of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in Brazil

The detection of germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 is essential to the formulation of clinical management strategies, and in Brazil, there is limited access to these services, mainly due to the costs/availability of genetic testing. Aiming at the identification of recurrent mutations that could be included in a low-cost mutation panel, used as a first screening approach, we compiled the testing reports of 649 probands with pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants referred to 28 public and private health care centers distributed across 11 Brazilian States. Overall, 126 and 103 distinct mutations were identified in BRCA1 and BRCA2, respectively. Twenty-six novel variants were reported from both genes, and BRCA2 showed higher mutational heterogeneity. Some recurrent mutations were reported exclusively in certain geographic regions, suggesting a founder effect. Our findings confirm that there is significant molecular heterogeneity in these genes among Brazilian carriers, while also suggesting that this heterogeneity precludes the use of screening protocols that include recurrent mutation testing only. This is the first study to show that profiles of recurrent mutations may be unique to different Brazilian regions. These data should be explored in larger regional cohorts to determine if screening with a panel of recurrent mutations would be effective.This work was supported in part by grants from Barretos Cancer Hospital (FINEP - CT-INFRA, 02/2010), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP, 2013/24633-2 and 2103/23277-8), Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Rio Grande do Norte (FAPERN), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS), Ministério da Saúde, the Breast Cancer Research Foundation (Avon grant #02-2013-044) and National Institute of Health/National Cancer Institute (grant #RC4 CA153828-01) for the Clinical Cancer Genomics Community Research Network. Support in part was provided by grants from Fundo de Incentivo a Pesquisa e Eventos (FIPE) from Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES, BioComputacional 3381/2013, Rede de Pesquisa em Genômica Populacional Humana), Secretaria da Saúde do Estado da Bahia (SESAB), Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia Molecular (UFBA), INCT pra Controle do Câncer and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). RMR and PAP are recipients of CNPq Productivity Grants, and Bárbara Alemar received a grant from the same agencyinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

SARS-CoV-2 introductions and early dynamics of the epidemic in Portugal

Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal was rapidly implemented by the National Institute of Health in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic, in collaboration with more than 50 laboratories distributed nationwide. Methods By applying recent phylodynamic models that allow integration of individual-based travel history, we reconstructed and characterized the spatio-temporal dynamics of SARSCoV-2 introductions and early dissemination in Portugal. Results We detected at least 277 independent SARS-CoV-2 introductions, mostly from European countries (namely the United Kingdom, Spain, France, Italy, and Switzerland), which were consistent with the countries with the highest connectivity with Portugal. Although most introductions were estimated to have occurred during early March 2020, it is likely that SARS-CoV-2 was silently circulating in Portugal throughout February, before the first cases were confirmed. Conclusions Here we conclude that the earlier implementation of measures could have minimized the number of introductions and subsequent virus expansion in Portugal. This study lays the foundation for genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal, and highlights the need for systematic and geographically-representative genomic surveillance.We gratefully acknowledge to Sara Hill and Nuno Faria (University of Oxford) and Joshua Quick and Nick Loman (University of Birmingham) for kindly providing us with the initial sets of Artic Network primers for NGS; Rafael Mamede (MRamirez team, IMM, Lisbon) for developing and sharing a bioinformatics script for sequence curation (https://github.com/rfm-targa/BioinfUtils); Philippe Lemey (KU Leuven) for providing guidance on the implementation of the phylodynamic models; Joshua L. Cherry (National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health) for providing guidance with the subsampling strategies; and all authors, originating and submitting laboratories who have contributed genome data on GISAID (https://www.gisaid.org/) on which part of this research is based. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the view of the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Health and Human Services, or the United States government. This study is co-funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and Agência de Investigação Clínica e Inovação Biomédica (234_596874175) on behalf of the Research 4 COVID-19 call. Some infrastructural resources used in this study come from the GenomePT project (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022184), supported by COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI), Lisboa Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Lisboa2020), Algarve Portugal Regional Operational Programme (CRESC Algarve2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio