Test de Zohlen y su relación con el ángulo Q en población sin dolor patelofemoral

ResumenObjetivoDeterminar qué porcentaje de una población sin dolor anterior de rodilla tiene un test de Zohlen positivo, además determinar el ángulo Q de esta población y buscar si existe alguna relación entre la positividad del test de Zohlen y alteraciones en el ángulo Q.Material y métodoEstudio descriptivo-prospectivo observacional. Aplicación del test de Zohlen y medición del ángulo Q. La población se dividió en 2 grupos: test de Zohlen positivo y test de Zohlen negativo. Cuantificación y comparación de medias del ángulo Q en los dos grupos.Resultados90 sujetos evaluados, promedio de edad 20,18 años (18-40). Veinte sujetos (22,2%) con test de Zohlen positivo. Ángulo Q promedio en los sujetos con test de Zohlen negativo: 14,95°; ángulo Q promedio en los sujetos con test de Zohlen positivo: 16,9° (p < 0,05).Ángulo Q promedio en hombres con test de Zohlen negativo13,4°; ángulo Q promedio en hombres con test de Zohlen positivo: 16° (p < 0,05). Ángulo Q promedio en mujeres con test de Zohlen negativo: 16,5°; ángulo Q promedio en mujeres con test de Zohlen positivo: 18°, sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos grupos.ConclusionesEl test de Zohlen tiene una correlación positiva con el ángulo Q en sujetos de sexo masculino. Dada la correlación entre un ángulo Q alterado y la presencia de dolor anterior de rodilla, en los pacientes que presentan un test de Zohlen positivo sin haber consultado por dolor anterior de rodilla, la prevención primaria de dolor anterior de rodilla puede ser de utilidad.AbstractObjectiveTo determine the percentage of a population without anterior knee pain with a positive Zohlen test, and also to determine the Q angle of this population and to determine if there is any relationship between the Zohlen test and Q angle anomalies.MethodsA prospective observational study was conducted in which Zohleńs test was applied and the Q angle was measured. The population was divided into 2 groups: Zohleńs positive and Zohleńs negative. Q angle was compared in the 2 groups.ResultsThe study included 90 subjects, with a mean age 20.18 years (18-40), of whom 20 subjects (22.2%) had positive Zohleńs test. The mean Q angle in subjects with negative Zohleńs test was 14.95°, and the mean Q angle in subjects with positive Zohleńs test was 16,9° (p<.05). The mean Q angle in men with negative Zohleńs test was 13.4°, and the mean Q angle in men with positive Zohleńs test was 16° (p < .05). The mean Q angle in women with negative Zohleńs test was 16.5°, with a mean Q angle of 18° in women with positive Zohleńs test, with no statistically significant differences found between groups.ConclusionsZohleńs test has a positive correlation with the Q angle in male subjects. Given the correlation between the Q angle and the presence of anterior knee pain in patients who have a positive test without symptoms, primary prevention of anterior knee pain can be achieved

Kolotl.

28 pages : illustrations (some color), map ; 26 cm.The monophyly and phylogenetic position of Diplocentrus Peters, 1861, has remained ambiguous since the first published phylogenetic analysis of diplocentrid relationships, in which it was rendered paraphyletic by the placement of exemplar species from two other diplocentrid genera, Bioculus Stahnke, 1968, and Didymocentrus Kraepelin, 1905. The discovery of two diplocentrids with neobothriotaxic pedipalps, Diplocentrus magnus Beutelspacher and López-Forment, 1991, and Diplocentrus poncei Francke and Quijano-Ravell, 2009, from the central Mexican states of Guerrero and Michoacán, respectively, raised further questions about the limits of Diplocentrus. A recent phylogenetic analysis of 29 species of Diplocentrus and five exemplar species of the most closely related genera, based on 95 morphological characters and 4202 aligned nucleotides from DNA sequences of five markers in the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, recovered the monophyly of Diplocentrus, excepting two neobothriotaxic species from central Mexico, justifying their removal from Diplocentrus. In the present contribution, Kolotl, n. gen. is created to accommodate the two species, Kolotl magnus (Beutelspacher and López-Forment, 1991), n. comb., and Kolotl poncei (Francke and Quijano-Ravell, 2009), n. comb., and both are redescribed

In vitro-generated Tc17 cells present a memory phenotype and serve as a reservoir of Tc1 cells in vivo

Indexación: Scopus.Memory CD8+ T cells are ideal candidates for cancer immunotherapy because they can mediate long-term protection against tumors. However, the therapeutic potential of different in vitro-generated CD8+ T cell effector subsets to persist and become memory cells has not been fully characterized. Type 1 CD8+ T (Tc1) cells produce interferon-γ and are endowed with high cytotoxic capacity, whereas IL-17-producing CD8+ T (Tc17) cells are less cytotoxic but display enhanced self-renewal capacity. We sought to evaluate the functional properties of in vitro-generated Tc17 cells and elucidate their potential to become long lasting memory cells. Our results show that in vitro-generated Tc17 cells display a greater in vivo persistence and expansion in response to secondary antigen stimulation compared to Tc1 cells. When transferred into recipient mice, Tc17 cells persist in secondary lymphoid organs, present a recirculation behavior consistent with central memory T cells, and can shift to a Tc1 phenotype. Accordingly, Tc17 cells are endowed with a higher mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity than Tc1 cells and express higher levels of memory-related molecules than Tc1 cells. Together, these results demonstrate that in vitro-generated Tc17 cells acquire a central memory program and provide a lasting reservoir of Tc1 cells in vivo, thus supporting the use of Tc17 lymphocytes in the design of novel and more effective therapies.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00209/ful

Overexpression of aurora B kinase (AURKB) in primary non-small cell lung carcinoma is frequent, generally driven from one allele, and correlates with the level of genetic instability

Aurora kinases are key regulators of chromosome segregation during mitosis. We have previously shown by microarray analysis of primary lung carcinomas and matched normal tissue that AURKB (22 out of 37) and AURKA (15 out of 37) transcripts are frequently over-represented in these tumours. We now confirm these observations in a second series of 44 carcinomas and also show that aurora B kinase protein levels are raised in the tumours compared to normal tissue. Elevated levels of expression in tumours are not a consequence of high-level amplification of the AURKB gene. Using a coding sequence polymorphism we show that in most cases (seven out of nine) tumour expression is predominantly driven from one AURKB allele. Given the function of aurora B kinase, we examined whether there was an association between expression levels and genetic instability. We defined two groups of high and low AURKB expression. Using a panel of 10 microsatellite markers, we found that the group showing the higher level of expression had a higher frequency of allelic imbalance (P=0.0012). Analysis of a number of other genes that are strongly and specifically expressed in tumour over normal lung, including SERPINB5, TERT and PRAME, showed marked allelic expression imbalances in the tumour tissue in the context of balanced or only marginally imbalanced relative allelic copy numbers. Our data support a model of early carcinogenesis wherein defects in the process of inactivation of lung stem-cell associated genes during differentiation, contributes to the development of carcinogenesis

Linkage studies in a Li-Fraumeni family with increased expression of p53 protein but no germline mutation in p53.

We report a family with the Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) in whom we have been unable to detect a mutation in the coding sequence of the p53 gene. Analysis of linkage to three polymorphic markers within p53 enabled direct involvement of p53 to be excluded. This is the first example of a LFS family in whom exclusion of p53 has been possible. Four affected members of the family with sarcoma or premenopausal breast cancer showed increased expression of p53 protein in their normal tissues as detected by immunohistochemistry. It therefore appears that the LFS phenotype has been conferred by an aberrant gene, showing a dominant pattern of inheritance, which may be acting to compromise normal p53 function rather than by a mutation in p53 itself. In order to try to determine the chromosomal location of this putative gene, we have carried out studies of linkage to candidate loci. By these means we have excluded involvement of Rb1 and BRCA1 on chromosomes 13q and 17q respectively. The MDM2 oncogene on chromosome 12q was considered to be the prime candidate as MDM2 is amplified in sarcomas and the MDM2 product binds to p53. Furthermore, p53 mutation and amplification of MDM2 have been shown to be mutually exclusive events in tumour development. Linkage analysis to two polymorphic markers within MDM2 yielded a three-point LOD score of -5.4 at a recombination fraction theta equal to zero. Therefore MDM2 could be excluded. It is possible that the gene which is responsible for cancer susceptibility in this family, possibly via interaction with p53, will be important in the histogenesis of breast cancer in general. We are now carrying out further studies to locate and identify this gene

Rheo-PIV of yield-stress fluids in a 3D-printed fractal vane-in-cup geometry

The vane-in-cup (VIC) geometry has been widely used for the rheological characterization of yield-stress fluids because it minimizes slip effects at the liquid/solid interface of the rotating geometry and reduces sample damage during the loading process. However, severe kinematic limitations arising from the spatial complexity of mixed shear and extensional flow have been identified for quantitative rheometrical measurements in complex fluids. Recently, vanes with fractal cross sections have been suggested as alternatives for accurate rheometry of elastoviscoplastic fluids. In this work, the steady fractal vane-in-cup (fVIC) flow of a Newtonian fluid and a nonthixotropic Carbopol® 940 microgel as well as the unsteady flow of a thixotropic κ-Carrageenan gel are analyzed using rheo-particle image velocimetry (Rheo-PIV). We describe the velocity distributions in all cases and show that the fVIC produces an almost axisymmetric flow field and rotation rate-independent “effective radius” when used with both the Newtonian fluid and the microgel. These findings are supported by 2D simulation results and enable the safe use of both the Couette analogy and the torque-to-stress conversion scheme for a 24-arm fVIC as well as validate it as a reliable rheometrical tool for characterization of a variety of complex fluids. With the κ-Carrageenan gel, however, axial shearing/compression while inserting the rheometric tool into the sample also accelerates syneresis that ultimately results in shear banding for Couette and fVIC flows. By comparing results obtained using the 24-arm fVIC with other conventional geometries, we investigate the effect that the lateral and cross-sectional (shearing/compressing) area of the measuring fixture have on disrupting the κ-Carrageenan gel during its insertion

Rac1 modulates TGF-beta 1-mediated epithelial cell plasticity and MMP9 production in transformed keratinocytes

Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) activates Rac1 GTPase in mouse transformed keratinocytes. Expression of a constitutively active Q61LRac1 mutant induced an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) linked to stimulation of cell migration and invasion. On the contrary, expression of a dominant-negative N17TRac1 abolished TGF-beta 1-induced cell scattering, migration and invasion. Moreover, Q61LRac1 enhanced metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) production to levels comparable to those induced by TGF-beta 1, while N17TRac1 was inhibitory. TGF-beta 1-mediated EMT involves the expression of the E-cadherin repressor Snail1, regulated by the Rac1 and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Furthermore, MMP9 production was MAPK-dependent, as the MEK inhibitor PD98059 decreased TGF-beta 1-induced MMP9 expression and secretion in Q61LRac1 expressing cells. We propose that regulation of TGF-beta 1-mediated plasticity of transformed keratinocytes requires the cooperation between the Rac1 and MAPK signalling pathways

Esophageal cancer risk by type of alcohol drinking and smoking: a case-control study in Spain

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The effect of tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking on esophageal cancer (EC) has never been explored in Spain where black tobacco and wine consumptions are quite prevalent. We estimated the independent effect of different alcoholic beverages and type of tobacco smoking on the risk of EC and its main histological cell type (squamous cell carcinoma) in a hospital-based case-control study in a Mediterranean area of Spain.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We only included incident cases with histologically confirmed EC (n = 202). Controls were frequency-matched to cases by age, sex and province (n = 455). Information on risk factors was elicited by trained interviewers using structured questionnaires. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking were strong and independent risk factors for esophageal cancer. Alcohol was a potent risk factor with a clear dose-response relationship, particularly for esophageal squamous-cell cancer. Compared to never-drinkers, the risk for heaviest drinkers (≥ 75 g/day of pure ethanol) was 7.65 (95%CI, 3.16–18.49); and compared with never-smokers, the risk for heaviest smokers (≥ 30 cigarettes/day) was 5.07 (95%CI, 2.06–12.47). A low consumption of only wine and/or beer (1–24 g/d) did not increase the risk whereas a strong positive trend was observed for all types of alcoholic beverages that included any combination of hard liquors with beer and/or wine (p-trend<0.00001). A significant increase in EC risk was only observed for black-tobacco smoking (2.5-fold increase), not for blond tobacco. The effects for alcohol drinking were much stronger when the analysis was limited to the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (n = 160), whereas a lack of effect for adenocarcinoma was evidenced. Smoking cessation showed a beneficial effect within ten years whereas drinking cessation did not.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our study shows that the risk of EC, and particularly the squamous cell type, is strongly associated with alcohol drinking. The consumption of any combination of hard liquors seems to be harmful whereas a low consumption of only wine may not. This may relates to the presence of certain antioxidant compounds found in wine but practically lacking in liquors. Tobacco smoking is also a clear risk factor, black more than blond.</p