Edwardsiellosis, an Emerging Zoonosis of Aquatic Animals

Zoonotic diseases from aquatic animals have not received much attention even though contact between humans and aquatic animals and their pathogens have increased significantly in the last several decades. Currently, Edwardsiella tarda, the causative agent of Edwardsiellosis in humans, is considered an emerging gastrointestinal zoonotic pathogen, which is acquired from aquatic animals. However, there is little information about E. tarda pathogenesis in mammals. In contrast, significant progress has been made regarding to E. tarda fish pathogenesis. Undoubtedly, research about E. tarda pathogenesis in mammals is urgent, not only to evaluate the safety of current E. tarda live attenuated vaccines for the aquaculture industry but also to prevent emerging E. tarda human infections

A New Radio Molecular Line Survey of Planetary Nebulae: HNC/HCN as a Diagnostic of Ultraviolet Irradiation

Certain planetary nebulae contain shells, filaments, or globules of cold gas and dust whose heating and chemistry are likely driven by UV and X-ray emission from their central stars and from wind-collision-generated shocks. We present the results of a survey of molecular line emission in the 88-236 GHz range from nine nearby (<1.5 kpc) planetary nebulae spanning a range of UV and X-ray luminosities, using the 30 m telescope of the Institut de Radioastronomie Millimetrique. Rotational transitions of thirteen molecules, including CO isotopologues and chemically important trace species, were observed and the results compared with and augmented by previous studies of molecular gas in PNe. Lines of the molecules HCO+, HNC, HCN, and CN, which were detected in most objects, represent new detections for five planetary nebulae in our study. Specifically, we present the first detections of 13CO (1-0, 2-1), HCO+, CN, HCN, and HNC in NGC 6445; HCO+ in BD+303639; 13CO (2-1), CN, HCN, and HNC in NGC 6853; and 13CO (2-1) and CN in NGC 6772. Flux ratios were analyzed to identify correlations between the central star and/or nebular UV and X-ray luminosities and the molecular chemistries of the nebulae. This analysis reveals a surprisingly robust dependence of the HNC/HCN line ratio on PN central star UV luminosity. There exists no such clear correlation between PN X-rays and various diagnostics of PN molecular chemistry. The correlation between HNC/HCN ratio and central star UV luminosity demonstrates the potential of molecular emission line studies of PNe for improving our understanding of the role that high-energy radiation plays in the heating and chemistry of photodissociation regions.Comment: 17 pages, 17 figures, 6 tables, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysic

Diseño y construcción de una planta modelo de tratamiento de aguas residuales para el laboratorio de hidráulica

Trabajo de InvestigaciónDiseño y construcción de una planta piloto de aguas residuales domesticas (PTAR) que pueda satisfacer las necesidades del laboratorio de hidráulica de la facultad de ingeniería Civil, por medio de un sistema de aireación extendida, donde los efluentes que se generen durante las practicas realizadas en los laboratorios puedan llegar a este sistema de tratamiento y darles un adecuado manejo.INTRODUCCIÓN 1. GENERALIDADES 2. DISEÑO 3. CONCLUSIONES BIBLIOGRAFÍA ANEXOSPregradoIngeniero Civi

A functional ferric uptake regulator (Fur) protein in the fish pathogen Piscirickettsia salmonis

Piscirickettsia salmonis, a Gram-negative fastidious facultative intracellular pathogen, is the causative agent of the salmonid rickettsial septicemia (SRS). The P. salmonis iron acquisition mechanisms and its molecular regulation are unknown. Iron is an essential element for bacterial pathogenesis. Typically, genes that encode for the iron acquisition machinery are regulated by the ferric uptake regulator (Fur) protein. P. salmonis fur sequence database reveals a diversity of fur genes without functional verification. Due to the fastidious nature of this bacterium, we evaluated the functionality of P. salmonis fur in the Salmonella &Delta;fur heterologous system. Although P. salmonis fur gene strongly differed from the common Fur sequences, it restored the regulatory mechanisms of iron acquisition in Salmonella. We concluded that P. salmonis LF-89 has a conserved functional Fur protein, which reinforces the importance of iron during fish infection. [Int Microbiol 2016; 49-55]Keywords: Piscirickettsia salmonis &middot; ferric uptake regulator protein (Fur) &middot; transcriptional regulatory element &middot; iron acquisition &middot; fish pathogen

Crisis y diferencias en las relaciones diplomáticas entre Colombia y Venezuela 2002 2006

Entre Colombia y Venezuela se asiste actualmente a una situación de paz en lo que concierne a sus relaciones bilaterales. Sin embargo, esta situación de tranquilidad no era el panorama vivido entre los años 2002 2006, por el contrario, se presentaba una relación caracterizada por el distanciamiento entre estas dos. En este periodo una serie de situación problemáticas generó gran malestar de lado y lado de la frontera que afecto de manera profunda la relación bilateral, y en entre ellos el manejo de los temas de seguridad en la región fronteriza."Between Colombia and Venezuela is currently attending a state of ""peace"" in regard to bilateral relations. However, this situation was not peaceful panorama lived between the years 2002 - 2006, however, a relationship characterized by the distance between the two is presented. In this period a number of problematic situation caused great unrest on both sides of the border that profoundly affect the bilateral relationship between them and the management of security issues in the border region."Politólogo (a)Pregrad

Phage-resistance of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis and pathogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans is mediated by the lipopolysaccharide

Phage therapy has been used in the past as an alternative therapy against bacterial pathogens. However, phage-resistant bacterial strains can emerge. Some studies show that these phage-resistant strains are avirulent. In this study, we report that phage-resistant strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (hereafter S. Enteritidis) were avirulent in the Caenorhabditis elegans animal model. We isolated phage-resistant strains of S. Enteritidis ATCC 13076 by using three lytic phages (f2\u3b1;SE, f3\u3b1;SE and f18\u3b1;SE). In these mutants, we explored different virulence factors like lipopolysaccharide (LPS), virulence plasmid (Pla), motility and type I fimbriae, all of which may have effects on virulence and could furthermore be related to phage resistance. The phage-resistant strains of S. Enteritidis showed loss of O-Polysaccharide (O-PS) and auto-agglutination, present a rough phenotype and consequently they are avirulent in the C. elegans animal model. We speculate that the O-PS is necessary for phage attachment to the S. Enteritidis cell surface

Bacteriophage prophylaxis against Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella pullorum using Caenorhabditis elegans as an assay system

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Lessons from the Ionised and Molecular Mass of Post-CE PNe

Close binary evolution is widely invoked to explain the formation of axisymmetric planetary nebulae after a brief common envelope phase. The evolution of the primary would be interrupted abruptly, its still quite massive envelope being fully ejected to form the PN, which should be more massive than a planetary nebula coming from the same star, were it single. We test this hypothesis by investigating the ionised and molecular masses of a sample consisting of 21 post-common-envelope planetary nebulae, roughly one-fifth of their known total population, and comparing them to a large sample of regular planetary nebulae (not known to host close-binaries). We find that post-common-envelope planetary nebulae arising from single-degenerate systems are, on average, neither more nor less massive than regular planetary nebulae, whereas post-common-envelope planetary nebulae arising from double-degenerate systems are considerably more massive and show substantially larger linear momenta and kinetic energy than the rest. The reconstruction of the common envelope of four objects further suggests that the mass of single-degenerate nebulae actually amounts to a very small fraction of the envelope of their progenitor stars. This leads to the uncomfortable question of where the rest of the envelope is, raising serious doubts on our understanding of these intriguing objects

The Case of ‘The Young Butler’. Pyschoanalytic Reflections regarding the Complexity of Evil.

En este artículo se establece un diálogo entre disciplinas como el periodismo, la filosofía y el psicoanálisis. En el análisis del caso, se postula que existe una fantasía inconsciente que es temida. En ciertas condiciones, tomar contacto con objetos internos muertos genera angustias que deben ser evitadas a toda costa. A partir de ello, se explora el sometimiento a una autoridad tiránica como una salida a estas profundas angustias. Para intentar comprender tal funcionamiento mental, se analiza el concepto de Hannah Arendt de la banalidad del mal. Se propone que el no pensamiento salva al individuo de estas emociones catastróficas ya vividas en la traumática infancia.This article establishes an interdisciplinary dialogue between several disciplines, including journalism, philosophy and psychoanalysis. The case analysis proposes the existence in individuals of a feared unconscious phantasy in which, under certain conditions, the individual seeks to avoid deep anxieties generated by contact with dead internal objects. The authors explore how submission to an authority of tyrannical characteristics may become a way of escaping these anxieties. Hannah Arendt’s concept of the banality of evil is presented and analyzed as a means of understanding this mental process, leading to the notion that not thinking allows the avoidance of catastrophic emotions that have already been experienced in a traumatic infancy