The transition to irreversibility in sheared suspensions: An analysis based on a mesoscopic entropy production

We study the shear-induced diffusion effect and the transition to irreversibility in suspensions under oscillatory shear flow by performing an analysis of the entropy production associated to the motion of the particles. We show that the Onsager coupling between different contributions to the entropy production is responsible for the scaling of the mean square displacement on particle diameter and applied strain. We also show that the shear-induced effective diffusion coefficient depends on the volume fraction and use Lattice-Boltzmann simulations to characterize the effect through the power spectrum of particle positions for different Reynolds numbers and volume fractions. Our study gives a thermodynamic explanation of the the transition to irreversibility through a pertinent analysis of the second law of thermodynamics.Comment: 17 pages, 3 figures, paper submitted tp phys rev

Pattern formation from consistent dynamical closures of uniaxial nematic liquid crystals

Pattern formation in uniaxial polymeric liquid crystals is studied for different dynamic closure approximations. Using the principles of mesoscopic non-equilibrium thermodynamics in a mean-field approach, we derive a Fokker-Planck equation for the single-particle non-homogeneous distribution function of particle orientations and the evolution equations for the second and fourth order orientational tensor parameters. Afterwards, two dynamic closure approximations are discussed, one of them considering the relaxation of the fourth order orientational parameter and leading to a novel expression for the free-energy like function in terms of the scalar order parameter. Considering the evolution equation of the density of the system and values of the interaction parameter for which isotropic and nematic phases coexist, our analysis predicts that patterns and traveling waves can be produced in lyotropic uniaxial nematics even in the absence of external driving.Comment: 34 pages, 7 figure

Foliar Application of Several Nitrogen Sources as Fertilisers to Tempranillo Grapevines: Effect on Wine Volatile Composition

Foliar nitrogen applications to the vineyard make it possible to improve grape and wine phenolic and amino acid concentration. However, to our knowledge, there is little information about their impacts on the volatile composition of wine. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of the application of several nitrogen sources in Tempranillo vineyards on wine volatile composition during the first season. Subsequently, two dosages of phenylalanine and urea were applied to the vineyard with the aim of evaluating their effect on wine volatile composition. The results show that the different nitrogen sources applied to the grapevines during the first season did not affect higher alcohols, fatty acids, esters and other volatile compounds in the wines. The two dosages of phenylalanine and urea applied to the vineyard during the second vintage barely affected wine volatile composition. Consequently, this study shows that foliar nitrogen treatments in vineyards did not modify the wine aromatic profile

Tire pyrolysis char: Processes, properties, upgrading and applications

Waste tires are solid wastes with large annual output and with the potential for great harm to the environment. The pyrolysis of waste tires can recycle energy and produce reusable products. Although there are many reviews in the literature in regard to the pyrolysis characteristics of waste tires, no one paper focuses on reviewing and summarizing the tire char. This paper critically appraises the achievements of earlier reports and literature and assesses the current state-of-the-art for the production and application of tire char from waste tires. Initially, the thermal decomposition behavior of different tire rubbers is discussed and compared where it is shown that the different components of waste tire rubber have different thermal degradation characteristics. The influencing factors on the yield and quality of tire char are discussed and assessed in terms of different pyrolysis reactors and technologies, tire type and composition, and a range of pyrolysis process conditions. The composition of the waste tire and pyrolysis conditions are the main factors affecting the distribution of pyrolysis products. Pyrolysis technology and reactor equipment also have an effect on the distribution of pyrolysis products. The physical and chemical structural characteristics of tire char are critically reviewed in detail, including a comparison of the fundamental differences with commercial carbon black and modified tire char (physical activation and chemical activation). Finally, high-value application fields and developmental prospects of tire char are summarized. Through extensive literature review, a novel development was that tire char could be used as a source of gra-phene. The economic analysis of the various tire char applications should be one of the main research directions in the future. The keynote of this review is to promote intensification of waste tire recycling and treatment so that more tire char can be obtained from waste tire pyrolysis and thereby be reused in different applications to obtain more value.This project has received funding from the Science and Technology Exchange Project of China Ministry of Science and Technology (2021- 12-2) and Education Cooperation Project between China and Central Eastern European Countries (2021086) and Shaanxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation Research Program Shaanxi Coal Joint Funding (2019JLZ-12)

Turbidity patterns in the Albufera lake, Spain, and their relation to irrigation cycles

[EN] The Albufera Natural Park (Valencia, Spain) is one of the most representative coastal wetlands in the Mediterranean basin. It holds several protection designations at national and international level, such as Spanish Natural Park, Special Protection Areas (SPAs) for birds, Sites of Community Importance (SCIs) and Ramsar Site. Both the park and its main lake, Albufera¿s lake, face several environmental problems. One of them is reduced transparency and lake clogging. The lake is highly dependent on the rice cycle and on irrigation returns, mainly from the Acequia Real. In this study, we analyse the monthly transparency and turbidity patterns during year 2018, and we relate them to irrigation cycles. We used Sentinel 2A satellite images from the European Space Agency, which have an atmospheric correction. Remote sensing results were compared with in situ data from the monitoring program of the Environment General Subdivision of the regional government. This monitoring program samples five points on a monthly basis, and analyses Secchi disk depth, suspended solids and chlorophyll a. Our results show the temporal and spatial pattern of turbidity in the Albufera lake which offers relevant information for water resources management.María-Teresa Sebastiá-Frasquet was beneficiary of the CAS18/00107 post-doctoral research grant, supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education Culture and Sports during her stay at the Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (Mexico), image processing was partially developed during the staySebastiá-Frasquet, M.; Aguilar-Maldonado, JA.; Santamaría-Del-Ángel, E.; Altur Grau, VJ. (2019). Turbidity patterns in the Albufera lake, Spain, and their relation to irrigation cycles. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment (Online). 239:173-180. https://doi.org/10.2495/WS190151S17318023

Perfil psicopatológico de pacientes con Dependencia Emocional

Diversos autores defienden la Dependencia Emocional como una categoría diagnóstica propia. El perfil psicopatológico de las personas afectadas por este trastorno ha sido expuesto a nivel teórico o basado en observaciones clínicas. Con este estudio se pretende determinar el perfil psicopatológico de una muestra de pacientes que presentaban problemas de Dependencia Emocional, desadaptativa, así como estudiar la relación entre autoestima y síntomas psicopatológicos. Se analiza el perfil sintomático a través de los resultados del Symptom CheckList-90 items-Revised (SCL-90-R) y el nivel de autoestima medido a través del Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) de una muestra de 33 pacientes de género femenino admitidos consecutivamente, que consultaron por problemas de dependencia emocional. Las pacientes presentaban elevada puntuación en las escalas obsesión-compulsión, sensibilidad interpersonal, depresión, ansiedad, hostilidad, ideación paranoide, psicoticismo (medidas a través del SCL-90-R) comparados con baremos normativos de población psiquiátrica española y una autoestima baja (medida a través del RSES). En la muestra la autoestima correlaciona de manera negativa con somatización, obsesión-compulsión, depresión y hostilidad. Se discuten las características y perfiles de esta muestra clínica. English abstract: Several authors defend that Affective Dependence is a diagnostic category. The psychopathological profile of these patients has been explained from a theoretical point of view or based on clinical observations. In that study we want to determinate the pathological profile of a sample of patients with problems of affective dependence, and to study the relationship between their self-esteem and their psychopathological symptoms. We analyzed the symptomatic profile of a sample of 33 female consecutive patients consulting for affective dependence, measured trough the Symptom CheckList-90 items-Revised (SCL-90-R) and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Patients present high obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, paranoid ideation, psychoticism (measured by the SCL- 90-R) compared with compared with normative scores of Spanish psychiatric population, and low self-esteem (measured by the RSES). In these subjects the self- esteem showed negative correlation with somatization, obsessive-compulsive, depression and hostility. These characteristics and profiles are discussed

Plant perfomance across latitude: the role of plasticity and local adaltation in aquatic plant

Geographic variation can lead to the evolution of different local varieties within a given species, therefore influencing its distribution and genetic structure. We investigated the contribution of plasticity and local adaptation to the performance of a common aquatic plant (Potamogeton pectinatus) in contrasting climates, using reciprocal transplants at three experimental sites across a latitudinal cline in Europe. Plants from 54 genets, originally collected from 14 populations situated within four climatic regions (sub- arctic, cold temperate, mild temperate, and mediterranean) were grown in three different localities within three of these regions (cold temperate, Nor way; mild temperate, The Netherlands; mediterranean, Spain). Tuber production was highest for the mild-temperate genets, irrespective of locality where the genets were grown. Selection coefficients indicated that populations at the European center of the species distribution perform better than all other populations, at all sites. However, marginal populations showed changes in life-histor y traits, such as compressed life cycles in the north and true perenniality in the south, that may allow them to perform better locally, at the limits of their distribution range. Our results thus suggest that local adaptation may overlap spatially with center–peripher y gra- dients in performance caused by genetic factors (such as genetic drift and inbreeding in range-marginal populations).Peer reviewe

Boyeria Irene (Fonscolombe, 1838) y Cordulegaster Boltonii (Donovan, 1807) (Odonata): Dos estrategias en cuanto a sustratos de emergencia de larvas en un mismo hábitat.

Se presentan datos sobre emergencia de Cordulegaster boltonii y Boyeria irene en un río de montaña del centro de España (altitud 1200 m s.n.m.) donde coexisten ambas especies, basados en la recogida semanal de exuvias. Boyeria irene comenzó a emerger 28 días más tarde que C. boltonii. Los sustratos usados por las larvas de ambas especies para emerger se solaparon ampliamente, aunque C. boltonii utilizó significativamente más árboles. Con respecto a otras zonas geográficas, las dos especies han modificado su estrategia, retrasando el inicio del periodo de emergencia. Se discute la importancia de las condiciones ambientales (sobre todo temperatura) en este hecho

Co-application of activated carbon and compost to contaminated soils: toxic elements mobility and PAH degradation and availability

This work assesses the suitability of three commercial activated carbons (ACs) and their combination with olive mill waste compost (AC + C) as amendments for the remediation of two different contaminated soils. The treatments were applied to a mining soil, and their ability to immobilize trace elements was evaluated. Besides, the efficiency of the amendments to degrade and reduce the availability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was investigated in a soil from a wood creosote treatment plant. To this aim, trace elements mobility and PAH degradation and availability were evaluated. Ecotoxicological assays were performed to assess potential toxicity risks in the untreated and the amended soils. In the mining soil, the ACs were able to immobilize metals and As, but the AC + C treatments were more effective than AC. In the PAH-polluted soil, AC treatments promoted the degradation of high molecular weight PAH, but the AC + C amendments further enhanced the degradation of total PAH and reduced the availability of those with 3-rings. The ecotoxicological tests demonstrated an improvement of soil quality when AC and compost were applied together. In conclusion, the co-application of AC and compost reduces the mobility of potentially toxic elements in the polluted mine soil and enhances PAH degradation and reduces PAH availability in the creosote-contaminated soilThis work was fnancially supported by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain, projects CTM2013-47874-C2-R and CTM2013-48697-C2-

Mapping Satellite Inherent Optical Properties Index in Coastal Waters of the Yucatán Peninsula (Mexico)

[EN] The Yucatan Peninsula hosts worldwide-known tourism destinations that concentrate most of the Mexico tourism activity. In this region, tourism has exponentially increased over the last years, including wildlife oriented tourism. Rapid tourism development, involving the consequent construction of hotels and tourist commodities, is associated with domestic sewage discharges from septic tanks. In this karstic environment, submarine groundwater discharges are very important and highly vulnerable to anthropogenic pollution. Nutrient loadings are linked to harmful algal blooms, which are an issue of concern to local and federal authorities due to their recurrence and socioeconomic and human health costs. In this study, we used satellite products from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) to calculate and map the satellite Inherent Optical Properties (IOP) Index. We worked with different scenarios considering both holiday and hydrological seasons. Our results showed that the satellite IOP Index allows one to build baseline information in a sustainable mid-term or long-term basis which is key for ecosystem-based management.This research was funded by CONACYT with a doctorate scholarship to Jesús A. Aguilar-Maldonado,with the announcement number 251025 in 2015. María-Teresa Sebastiá-Frasquet was a beneficiary of the BEST/2017/217 post-doctoral research grant, supported by the Valencian Conselleria d’Educació, Investigació,Cultura i Esport (Spain) during her stay at the Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (Mexico). The Secretariat of Public Education of Mexico (SEP) under the Program for Professional Development Teacher, covered the costs of publication in open access.Aguilar-Maldonado, J.; Santamaría-Del-Ángel, E.; González-Silvera, A.; Cervantes-Rosas, OD.; Sebastiá-Frasquet, M. (2018). Mapping Satellite Inherent Optical Properties Index in Coastal Waters of the Yucatán Peninsula (Mexico). 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