91 research outputs found
Mapping and Imaging the Aggressive Brain in Animals and Humans
- Author
- A Adamczyk
- A Aluja
- A Caspi
- A Franzini
- A Holmes
- A Jager
- A Meyer-Lindenberg
- A Raine
- A Raine
- A Raine
- A Siegel
- A Takahashi
- A Takahashi
- A Takahashi
- AA Cameron
- AA Weissenberger
- AC Fry
- AD Boes
- AE Beeman
- AJ Cleare
- AJ Rylands
- AK Visser
- AL Falkner
- AL Falkner
- AL Glenn
- AM van Erp
- AN De Almeida
- AS New
- AV Witte
- B Bohus
- B Kolb
- B Li
- B Olivier
- B Ramamurthi
- B Rosado
- B Schiffer
- B Vitiello
- BC Trainor
- BP Bejjani
- Bush
- CC Chi
- CC Joyal
- CE Roselli
- CF Ferris
- CF Ferris
- CM Coppens
- D Caramaschi
- D Checknita
- D Lin
- D Swick
- DA Pardini
- DA Stetler
- DB Adams
- DI Beiderbeck
- DJ Anderson
- DJ Anderson
- DJ Vinkers
- DL Nehrenberg
- DR Rosell
- DR Shimshek
- DS Chester
- DT George
- E Aharoni
- E Audero
- E Van de Giessen
- EA Becker
- ED Kemble
- EF Coccaro
- EF Coccaro
- EG Ostinelli
- EJ Hermans
- EK Unger
- EW Fish
- EW Fish
- F Calcagnoli
- F Calcagnoli
- F Leroy
- FV Gouveia
- G Dieckmann
- G Gan
- G Shaltiel
- GA van Wingen
- GB Choi
- GE Duncan
- H Aleyasin
- H Kluver
- H Lee
- HE Covington 3rd
- HE Rosvold
- HG Brunner
- HJ Lee
- J Archer
- J Haller
- J Haller
- J Haller
- J Haller
- J Haller
- J LeDoux
- J Mos
- J Mos
- J Ratey
- J Sallet
- J Van den Stock
- JC Rogers
- JD Vochteloo
- JF Brody
- JF DeBold
- JG Veening
- JH Beitchman
- JH Meyer
- JJ Schwartzer
- JK Moran
- JL Goodson
- JL Goodson
- JM Bjork
- JM Carré
- JM Gómez
- JM Koolhaas
- JM Koolhaas
- JP De Bruin
- JP Roisier
- JR Homberg
- JS Lonstein
- JW Buckholtz
- JW Buckholtz
- JW Cheu
- K Deisseroth
- K Hashikawa
- K Hashikawa
- K McBurnett
- K Peremans
- K Peremans
- K Sano
- K Sano
- K Vaernet
- KA Kiehl
- KA Miczek
- KA Miczek
- KA Miczek
- KA Miczek
- KA Miczek
- KA Miczek
- KA Miczek
- KA Miczek
- KE Morrison
- L Biro
- L Biro
- L Calver
- L Lo
- LA O’Connell
- LC Wong
- LJ Siever
- LR Gesquiere
- M Beckmann
- M Campbell
- M Flanigan
- M Haug
- M Heinrichs
- M Krsiak
- M Kruk
- M Mak
- M Martínez
- M Matsumoto
- M Nakata
- M Pedrosa-Sanchez
- M Potegal
- M Potegal
- M Sarwar
- MA Oquendo
- MB Shaikh
- MC Cervantes
- ME May
- ME Soden
- MH Couppis
- MJ Fuxjager
- MR Kruk
- MR Santa Cruz
- MS Barkley
- N Alia-Klein
- N Birbaumer
- N Scott
- N Soreni
- N Tinbergen
- NJ Kolla
- NK Popova
- NN Kudryavtseva
- O Cases
- O Choy
- O Devinsky
- OY Vekovischeva
- P Bard
- P Chen
- PA Lewis
- PF Ferrari
- PF Ferrari
- PG Luiten
- PH Mehta
- PH Soloff
- PV Guillot
- Q Yu
- R Lee
- RE Tremblay
- RI Wood
- RJ Blanchard
- RJ Davidson
- RJ Nelson
- RJJ Blair
- RJR Blair
- RV Parsey
- RW Wrangham
- S da Cunha-Bang
- S Da Cunha-Bang
- S Da Cunha-Bang
- S Kollack-Walker
- S Lammel
- S Ogawa
- S Puglisi-Allegra
- S Stagkourakis
- S Van Heukelum
- SA Golden
- SA Golden
- SA Golden
- SA Golden
- SB Manuck
- SC Motta
- SC Rogan
- SF De Boer
- SF De Boer
- SF De Boer
- SF De Boer
- SF De Boer
- SF White
- SL Gourley
- SL Padilla
- SM Goetz
- SMJ Hemmings
- SW Anderson
- SW Newman
- SZ Sabol
- T Elbert
- T Hallikainen
- T Schlüter
- T Schuurman
- T Yang
- TO Oyegbile
- TR Morrison
- V Molina
- VM Fragoso
- W Han
- W Hong
- W Retz
- W Zeman
- WC Allee
- WD Todd
- WG Frankle
- WR Hess
- Y Wang
- Y Yang
- Y Yang
- Z Wu
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 15/12/2020
- Field of study
On the mechanisms governing gas penetration into a tokamak plasma during a massive gas injection
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- Abhangi M.
- Abreu P.
- Aftanas M.
- Afzal M.
- Aggarwal K.M.
- Aho-Mantila L.
- Ahonen E.
- Aints M.
- Airila M.
- Albanese R.
- Alegre D.
- Alessi E.
- Aleynikov P.
- Alfier A.
- Alkseev A.
- Allan P.
- Almaviva S.
- Alonso A.
- Alper B.
- Alsworth I.
- Alves D.
- Ambrosino G.
- Ambrosino R.
- Amosov V.
- Andersson Sunde´n E.
- Andersson F.
- Angelone M.
- Anghel A.
- Anghel M.
- Angioni C.
- Appel L.
- Apruzzese G.
- Arena P.
- Ariola M.
- Arnichand H.
- Arnoux G.
- Arshad S.
- Asakura N.N.
- Ash A.
- Asp E.
- Asunta O.
- Atanasiu C.V.
- Austin Y.
- Avotina L.
- Axton M.D.
- Ayres C.
- Bachmann C.
- Baciero A.
- Baia˜o D.
- Bailescu V.
- Baiocchi B.
- Baker A.
- Baker R.A.
- Balboa I.
- Balden M.
- Balshaw N.
- Bament R.
- Banks J.W.
- Baranov Y.F.
- Barlow I.L.
- Barnard M.A.
- Barnes D.
- Barnsley R.
- Baron Wiechec A.
- Baruzzo M.
- Basiuk V.
- Bassan M.
- Bastow R.
- Batista A.
- Batistoni P.
- Bauer R.
- Bauvir B.
- Bazylev B.
- Beal J.
- Beaumont P.S.
- Becoulet A.
- Bednarczyk P.
- Bekris N.
- Beldishevski M.
- Bell K.
- Belli F.
- Bellinger M.
- Belo J.K.
- Belo P.
- Belonohy E´.
- Benterman N.A.
- Bergsåker H.
- Bernardo J.
- Bernert M.
- Berry M.
- Bertalot L.
- Beurskens M.N.A.
- Bieg B.
- Bielecki J.
- Biewer T.
- Bigi M.
- Binda F.
- Bizarro J.P.S.
- Bjo¨ rkas C.
- Blackman K.
- Blackman T.R.
- Blanchard P.
- Blanco E.
- Blatchford P.
- Bobkov V.
- Boboc A.
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- Zoletnik and I Zychor S. Zoletnik and I. Zychor
- Publication venue
- 'IOP Publishing'
- Publication date
- 09/11/2016
- Field of study
A new 1D radial fluid code, IMAGINE, is used to simulate the penetration of gas into a tokamak plasma during a massive gas injection (MGI). The main result is that the gas is in general strongly braked as it reaches the plasma, due to mechanisms related to charge exchange and (to a smaller extent) recombination. As a result, only a fraction of the gas penetrates into the plasma. Also, a shock wave is created in the gas which propagates away from the plasma, braking and compressing the incoming gas. Simulation results are quantitatively consistent, at least in terms of orders of magnitude, with experimental data for a D 2 MGI into a JET Ohmic plasma. Simulations of MGI into the background plasma surrounding a runaway electron beam show that if the background electron density is too high, the gas may not penetrate, suggesting a possible explanation for the recent results of Reux et al in JET (2015 Nucl. Fusion 55 093013)
Global patient outcomes after elective surgery: prospective cohort study in 27 low-, middle- and high-income countries.
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- Publication venue
- 'Oxford University Press (OUP)'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2016
- Field of study
BACKGROUND: As global initiatives increase patient access to surgical treatments, there remains a need to understand the adverse effects of surgery and define appropriate levels of perioperative care. METHODS: We designed a prospective international 7-day cohort study of outcomes following elective adult inpatient surgery in 27 countries. The primary outcome was in-hospital complications. Secondary outcomes were death following a complication (failure to rescue) and death in hospital. Process measures were admission to critical care immediately after surgery or to treat a complication and duration of hospital stay. A single definition of critical care was used for all countries. RESULTS: A total of 474 hospitals in 19 high-, 7 middle- and 1 low-income country were included in the primary analysis. Data included 44 814 patients with a median hospital stay of 4 (range 2-7) days. A total of 7508 patients (16.8%) developed one or more postoperative complication and 207 died (0.5%). The overall mortality among patients who developed complications was 2.8%. Mortality following complications ranged from 2.4% for pulmonary embolism to 43.9% for cardiac arrest. A total of 4360 (9.7%) patients were admitted to a critical care unit as routine immediately after surgery, of whom 2198 (50.4%) developed a complication, with 105 (2.4%) deaths. A total of 1233 patients (16.4%) were admitted to a critical care unit to treat complications, with 119 (9.7%) deaths. Despite lower baseline risk, outcomes were similar in low- and middle-income compared with high-income countries. CONCLUSIONS: Poor patient outcomes are common after inpatient surgery. Global initiatives to increase access to surgical treatments should also address the need for safe perioperative care. STUDY REGISTRATION: ISRCTN5181700
Effect of the relative shift between the electron density and temperature pedestal position on the pedestal stability in JET-ILW and comparison with JET-C
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- Maggi C. Litaudon
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- Matteo Basiuk
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- Parra Diaz
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- R. Zarins
- R\ue3\ua9fy D.
- Rachlew E.
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- Rakha A.
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- S. Schneider
- S. Silva
- S. Solano
- S. Taliercio
- S. Vartanian
- S. Vasava
- S. Villone
- S. Warren
- S. Whitehead
- S. Wilkinson
- S. Wright
- S. Wynn
- S. Zychor
- Saarelma S.
- Saint Laurent
- Silvia Spelzini
- Simpson Hutchinson
- Stan Sion
- Stefanikova E.
- T. C. Henderson
- T. D. V. Hawes
- T. h. Ekedahl
- T. J. Smithies
- T. M. Hughes
- T. R. Blanchard
- T. T. C. Hoshino
- T. T. T\ue3\ua1l
- T. Ahn
- T. Bigi
- T. Boyd
- T. Cramp
- T. Doerk
- T. Dorling
- T. Franklin
- T. Frasca
- T. Gil
- T. Helou
- T. Johnston
- T. K\ue3\ub6chl
- T. Keep
- T. Koslowski
- T. Kwak
- T. Loarte
- T. Lucock
- T. Makwana
- T. Marocco
- T. Mazon
- T. Nardon
- T. Nielsen
- T. Ogawa
- T. Okabayashi
- T. Robson
- T. Schmid
- T. Spineanu
- T. Szawlowski
- T. Talbot
- T. Vega
- T. Weckmann
- T. Yadikin
- Tommaso Bonanomi
- Tskhakaya Jun
- U. Fittill
- U. Ksia\ue5\ubcek
- U. Lovell
- U. Sandiford
- Ul Abidin
- V. K. Thorne
- V. P. Loarer
- V. S. Newman
- V. Alegre
- V. Asunta
- V. Bassan
- V. Boboc
- V. Bravanec
- V. Cocilovo
- V. Coda
- V. Fuller
- V. Gomes
- V. Huddleston
- V. Keeling
- V. Kirk
- V. Krawczyk
- V. Nave
- V. Park
- V. Peysson
- V. Pillon
- V. Richardson
- V. Romanelli
- V. Schmuck
- V. Yoo
- V. Zoletnik
- Vallejos Olivares
- Van De Mortel
- Van Eester
- Van Renterghem
- Van Rooij
- Verona Rinati
- Viola B.
- W. W. Wakeling
- W. Brombin
- W. Day
- W. Hemming
- W. Li
- W. Subba
- W. Tardocchi
- W. Yao
- W. Zhou
- X. Abduallev
- X. Gao
- X. Leggate
- Y. F. Barnard
- Y. S. Nabais
- Y. Avotina
- Y. Camp
- Y. Corrigan
- Y. Garcia
- Y. Hatch
- Y. K\ue3\ub6ppen
- Y. Kazantzidis
- Y. Likonen
- Y. Marcenko
- Y. Maruyama
- Y. Mlyn\ue3\ua1\ue5\u2122
- Y. Pfefferl\ue3\ua9
- Y. Zilli
- Z. Ghate
- Z. Uljanovs
- Z. Vlad
- Publication venue
- 'IOP Publishing'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2018
- Field of study
The electron temperature and density pedestals tend to vary in their relative radial positions, as observed in DIII-D (Beurskens et al 2011 Phys. Plasmas 18 056120) and ASDEX Upgrade (Dunne et al 2017 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 59 14017). This so-called relative shift has an impact on the pedestal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stability and hence on the pedestal height (Osborne et al 2015 Nucl. Fusion 55 063018). The present work studies the effect of the relative shift on pedestal stability of JET ITER-like wall (JET-ILW) baseline low triangularity (\u3b4) unseeded plasmas, and similar JET-C discharges. As shown in this paper, the increase of the pedestal relative shift is correlated with the reduction of the normalized pressure gradient, therefore playing a strong role in pedestal stability. Furthermore, JET-ILW tends to have a larger relative shift compared to JET carbon wall (JET-C), suggesting a possible role of the plasma facing materials in affecting the density profile location. Experimental results are then compared with stability analysis performed in terms of the peeling-ballooning model and with pedestal predictive model EUROPED (Saarelma et al 2017 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion). Stability analysis is consistent with the experimental findings, showing an improvement of the pedestal stability, when the relative shift is reduced. This has been ascribed mainly to the increase of the edge bootstrap current, and to minor effects related to the increase of the pedestal pressure gradient and narrowing of the pedestal pressure width. Pedestal predictive model EUROPED shows a qualitative agreement with experiment, especially for low values of the relative shift
Hepatopulmonary syndrome: an update
- Author
- Abrams GA
- Abrams GA
- Aller R
- Aller R
- Arguedas MR
- Arguedas MR
- Arguedas MR
- Barbosa WF
- Brandão ABM
- Carey EJ
- Chakraborty S
- Charalabopoulos K
- Clarke NR
- Collisson EA
- Daniëls C
- De BK
- De BK
- Deibert P
- Domingues ALC
- Edmundo Pessoa de Almeida Lopes
- Engelke C
- Fallon MB
- Fallon MB
- Faresin SM
- Fernandes JH
- Ferraz AAB
- Filep JG
- Frazin LJ
- Freire R
- Fuhrmann V
- Gómez FP
- Gómez FP
- Hervé P
- Hira HS
- Karabulut A
- Kaymakoglu S
- Kennedy TC
- Kim BJ
- Kim HY
- Krasinskas AM
- Krowka MJ
- Krowka MJ
- Krowka MJ
- Krowka MJ
- Krowka MJ
- Köksal D
- Lange PA
- Lee DF
- Levitsky J
- Leyva EM
- Liana Gonçalves de Macêdo
- Lima BL
- Luo B
- Luo B
- Madala D
- Malagari K
- Mandell MS
- Manzerbeitia C
- Marroni CA
- Martinez G
- Martinez-Palli G
- Martínez GP
- Martínez-Palli G
- Mazzeo AT
- Mohamed R
- Naeije R
- Parolin MB
- Pavarino PR
- Poterucha JJ
- Prediletto R
- Przybyłowski T
- Roberts DN
- Roberts JP
- Rodríguez-Roisin R
- Santa-Cruz RA
- Schenk P
- Schenk P
- Schenk P
- Schiffer E
- Sette Jr H
- Stickland MK
- Stoller JK
- Strauss E
- Swanson KL
- Taillé C
- Teuber G
- Tieppo J
- Varghese J
- Vaughan RB
- Vedrinne JM
- West JB
- Wiesner R
- Wiesner RH
- Zamirian M
- Zhang HY
- Publication venue
- 'FapUNIFESP (SciELO)'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults
- Author
- Abarca-Gomez L
- Abdeen ZA
- Abdrakhmanova S
- Abu-Rmeileh NM
- Acosta-Cazares B
- Adams RJ
- Aekplakorn W
- Afsana K
- Agdeppa IA
- Aguilar-Salinas CA
- Agyemang C
- Ahmad MH
- Ahmad NA
- Ahmadi N
- Ahmadvand A
- Ahrens W
- Ajlouni K
- Al Nsour M
- Al-Hazzaa HM
- Al-Othman AR
- Al-Raddadi R
- AlBuhairan F
- AlDhukair S
- Ali MM
- Ali O
- Alkerwi A
- Alvarez-Pedrerol M
- Aly E
- Amarapurkar DN
- Amouyel P
- Amuzu A
- Anderssen SA
- Angquist LH
- Anjana RM
- Ansari-Moghaddam A
- Anselmo Olinto MT
- Aounallah-Skhiri H
- Araujo J
- Ariansen I
- Aris T
- Arku RE
- Arlappa N
- Aryal KK
- Aspelund T
- Assah FK
- Assuncao MCF
- Aung MS
- Auvinen J
- Avdicova M
- Azevedo A
- Azizi F
- Azmin M
- Babu BV
- Baharudin A
- Bahijri S
- Baker JL
- Balakrishna N
- Bamoshmoosh M
- Banach M
- Bandosz P
- Banegas JR
- Barbagallo CM
- Barcelo A
- Barkat A
- Barros AJD
- Barros MVG
- Bata I
- Batieha AM
- Batista RL
- Battakova Z
- Batyrbek A
- Baur LA
- Beaglehole R
- Bebakar WMW
- Bel-Serrat S
- Ben Romdhane H
- Benedics J
- Benet M
- Bennett JE
- Bentham J
- Berkinbayev S
- Bernabe-Ortiz A
- Bernotiene G
- Bettiol H
- Bhagyalaxmi A
- Bharadwaj S
- Bhargava SK
- Bhutta ZA
- Bi H
- Bi Y
- Biehl A
- Bikbov M
- Bista B
- Bixby H
- Bjelica DJ
- Bjerregaard P
- Bjertness E
- Bjertness MB
- Bjorkelund C
- Blokstra A
- Bo L
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- Bobak M
- Boddy LM
- Boehm BO
- Boeing H
- Boggia JG
- Boissonnet CP
- Bonaccio M
- Bongard V
- Bopp M
- Borchini R
- Borghs H
- Bovet P
- Braeckevelt L
- Braeckman L
- Bragt MCE
- Brajkovich I
- Branca F
- Braunerova RT
- Breckenkamp J
- Breda J
- Brenner H
- Brewster LM
- Brian GR
- Brinduse L
- Bruno G
- Bueno-de-Mesquita HB
- Bugge A
- Buoncristiano M
- Burazeri G
- Burns C
- Cabrera de Leon A
- Cacciottolo J
- Cai H
- Cama T
- Cameron C
- Camolas J
- Can G
- Can G
- Candido APC
- Canete F
- Capanzana MV
- Capuano E
- Capuano V
- Cardoso VC
- Carlsson AC
- Carmuega E
- Carrillo-Larco RM
- Carvalho MJ
- Casanueva FF
- Casas J-P
- Caserta CA
- Celikcan E
- Censi L
- Cesar JA
- Chamukuttan S
- Chan AW
- Chan Q
- Chaturvedi HK
- Chaturvedi N
- Chen C-J
- Chen F
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- Chen S
- Chen Z
- Cheng C-Y
- Cheng YJ
- Chetrit A
- Chikova-Iscener E
- Chinh NH
- Chiolero A
- Chiou S-T
- Chirita-Emandi A
- Chirlaque M-D
- Cho B
- Cho Y
- Christensen K
- Christofaro DG
- Chudek J
- Cifkova R
- Cilia M
- Cinteza E
- Claessens F
- Clarke J
- Clays E
- Concin H
- Confortin SC
- Cooper C
- Coppinger TC
- Costanzo S
- Cottel D
- Cowan MJ
- Cowell C
- Craig CL
- Crampin AC
- Crujeiras AB
- Cruz JJ
- Cucu A
- Cui L
- D'Arrigo G
- d'Orsi E
- Dallongeville J
- Damasceno A
- Damsgaard CT
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- Yngve A
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- Yoshihara A
- You QS
- You S-L
- Younger-Coleman NO
- Yusof SM
- Yusoff AF
- Yusoff MFM
- Zaccagni L
- Zafiropulos V
- Zainuddin AA
- Zamani F
- Zambon S
- Zampelas A
- Zamrazilova H
- Zapata ME
- Zaw KK
- Zdrojewski T
- Zeng Y
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- Zhu D
- Zhussupov B
- Zimmermann E
- Zuniga Cisneros J
- Publication venue
- NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
- Publication date
- 09/05/2019
- Field of study
Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities. This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity. Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017—and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions—was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing—and in some countries reversal—of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories
Recommended from our members
Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults
- Author
- Aarestrup J
- Abarca-Gomez L
- Abbasi-Kangevari M
- Abdeen ZA
- Abdrakhmanova S
- Abdurrahmonova Z
- Abril GL
- Abu-Rmeileh NM
- Acosta-Cazares B
- Adam I
- Adamczyk M
- Adams RJ
- Adu-Afarwuah S
- Aekplakorn W
- Afsana K
- Afzal S
- Agbor VN
- Agdeppa IA
- Aghazadeh-Attari J
- Agren A
- Aguenaou H
- Aguilar-Salinas CA
- Aguilar-Salinas CA
- Agyemang C
- Ahmad MH
- Ahmad NA
- Ahmadi A
- Ahmadi N
- Ahmadi N
- Ahmed I
- Ahmed SH
- Ahrens W
- Aitmurzaeva G
- Ajlouni K
- Al Asfoor D
- Al Hourani HM
- Al Nsour M
- Al Qaoud NM
- Al-Hazzaa HM
- Al-Hinai H
- Al-Lahou B
- Al-Lawati JA
- Al-Raddadi R
- Alarouj M
- AlBuhairan F
- AlDhukair S
- Aldwairji MA
- Alexius S
- Ali MM
- Alieva AV
- Alkandari A
- Alkerwi A
- Alkhatib BM
- Allin K
- Alomary SA
- Alomirah HF
- Alshangiti AM
- Alvarez-Pedrerol M
- Aly E
- Amarapurkar DN
- Amoah J
- Amougou N
- Amouyel P
- Andersen LB
- Anderssen SA
- Androutsos O
- Angquist L
- Anicet AK
- Anjana RM
- Ansari-Moghaddam A
- Anufrieva E
- Aounallah-Skhiri H
- Araujo J
- Ariansen I
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- Arku RE
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- Aryal KK
- Aspelund T
- Assah FK
- Assefa N
- Assembekov B
- Assuncao MCF
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- Auvinen J
- Avdicova M
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- Azad K
- Azevedo A
- Azimi-Nezhad M
- Azizi F
- Babu BV
- Bacopoulou F
- Baharudin A
- Bahijri S
- Bajramovic I
- Bakacs M
- Baker JL
- Baker JL
- Balakrishna N
- Balanova Y
- Bamoshmoosh M
- Banach M
- Banegas JR
- Baran J
- Baran R
- Barbagallo CM
- Barcelo A
- Baretic M
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- Barkat A
- Barnoya J
- Barradas-Pires A
- Barrera L
- Barreto M
- Barros AJD
- Barros MVG
- Bartosiewicz A
- Basit A
- Bastos JL
- Bata I
- Batieha AM
- Batista AP
- Batista RL
- Battakova Z
- Baur LA
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- Bebakar WMW
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- Benchekor SM
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- Bhagyalaxmi A
- Bharadwaj S
- Bhargava SK
- Bhutta ZA
- Bhutta ZA
- Bi H
- Bi Y
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- Bista B
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- Xu H
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- Yiallouros PK
- Yngve A
- Yoosefi M
- Yoshihara A
- Yotov Y
- You QS
- You S-L
- Younger-Coleman NO
- Yu Y
- Yu Y-L
- Yusof SM
- Yusoff AF
- Yusoff MFM
- Zaccagni L
- Zafiropulos V
- Zainuddin AA
- Zakavi SR
- Zamani F
- Zambon S
- Zampelas A
- Zamrazilova H
- Zapata ME
- Zargar AH
- Zaw KK
- Zayed AA
- Zdrojewski T
- Zeglen M
- Zejglicova K
- Zeng Y
- Zentai A
- Zhang B
- Zhang L
- Zhang Z-Y
- Zhao D
- Zhao M-H
- Zhao W
- Zhecheva YV
- Zhen S
- Zheng W
- Zheng Y
- Zholdin B
- Zhou B
- Zhou M
- Zhu D
- Zimmet P
- Zins M
- Zitt E
- Zocalo Y
- Zoghlami N
- Zuziak M
- Publication venue
- Elsevier
- Publication date
- 14/03/2024
- Field of study
Background
Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories.
Methods
We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI 2 SD above the median).
Findings
From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness.
Interpretation
The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesity.
Funding
UK Medical Research Council, UK Research and Innovation (Research England), UK Research and Innovation (Innovate UK), and European Union
Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults
- Author
- Aarestrup J
- Abarca-Gómez L
- Abbasi-Kangevari M
- Abdeen ZA
- Abdrakhmanova S
- Abdul Ghaffar S
- Abdul Rahim HF
- Abdurrahmonova Z
- Abu-Rmeileh NM
- Abubakar Garba J
- Acosta-Cazares B
- Adam I
- Adamczyk M
- Adams RJ
- Adu-Afarwuah S
- Aekplakorn W
- Afsana K
- Afzal S
- Agbor VN
- Agdeppa IA
- Aghazadeh-Attari J
- Aguenaou H
- Aguilar-Salinas CA
- Agyemang C
- Ahmad MH
- Ahmad NA
- Ahmadi A
- Ahmadi N
- Ahmadi N
- Ahmed I
- Ahmed SH
- Ahrens W
- Aitmurzaeva G
- Ajlouni K
- Al Asfoor D
- Al Hourani HM
- Al Qaoud NM
- Al-Hazzaa HM
- Al-Hinai H
- Al-Lahou B
- Al-Lawati JA
- Al-Raddadi R
- Alarouj M
- AlBuhairan F
- AlDhukair S
- Aldwairji MA
- Alexius S
- Ali MM
- Alieva AV
- Alkandari A
- Alkerwi A
- Alkhatib BM
- Allin K
- Alomary SA
- Alomirah HF
- Alshangiti AM
- Alvarez-Pedrerol M
- Aly E
- Amarapurkar DN
- Amiano Etxezarreta P
- Amoah J
- Amougou N
- Amouyel P
- Andersen LB
- Anderssen SA
- Androutsos O
- Anjana RM
- Ansari-Moghaddam A
- Anufrieva E
- Aounallah-Skhiri H
- Araújo J
- Ariansen I
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- Aryal KK
- Aspelund T
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- Assembekov B
- Assunção MCF
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- Aurélio de Valois CJM
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- Dyussupova A
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- Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E
- Díaz Fernández P
- Díaz-Sánchez ME
- Díez Ripollés MP
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- Echeverría G
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- Eslami S
- Esmaeili A
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- Fakhretdinova AA
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- Zheng W
- Zheng Y
- Zholdin B
- Zhou B
- Zhou M
- Zhu D
- Zimmet P
- Zins M
- Zitt E
- Zocalo Y
- Zoghlami N
- Zuziak M
- Zuñiga Cisneros J
- Ängquist L
- Ågren Å
- Čapková N
- Łuszczki E
- Šalaj S
- Ševčíková Ľ
- Żegleń M
- Publication venue
- Elsevier
- Publication date
- Field of study
Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI 2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/images/research_banner_face_lab_290.jpgunderweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesity
Dermal infiltrate of enlarged macrophages in patients receiving chemotherapy
- Publication venue
- 'Wiley'
- Publication date
- Field of study
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