Use of Probiotic Preparations in Waste Waters Cleaning of Agricultural Enterprises

The main cause of pollution of water basins is the discharge of untreated or insufficiently treated sewage into water bodies by industrial enterprises, utilities and agriculture. There are environmental problems in many enterprises of the country engaged in the production and processing of agricultural products. The article analyzes the results of research on the use of the Microbiological Cleaning System in model experiments. According to the results of model experiments, the optimal concentration of use of the drug was determined. Based on the results of the research, we propose the use of the Microbiological Purification System for pre-treatment of wastewater, even in the case of heavy pollution. Agriculture is an industry that is a source of environmental pollution. Purification of hazardous waste in enterprises can be accomplished through the introduction of biotechnology using probiotic preparations. The use of probiotics in the field of wastewater treatment is a relatively new direction that does not have much knowledge. The prospect of probiotic preparations for wastewater treatment is now being studied by many authors. As a result of the research, it was noted that the probiotic preparation intensifies the processes of biological wastewater treatment, which allows significantly reducing the intensity of odor and color of wastewater. As a result of the research conducted, the prospect of using probiotic preparations has been established

EDUCATIONAL QUALITY MONITORING IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION

The article reveals the features of quality monitoring in educationalactivities for students. The authors pointed out the role of the developed proceduresfor the evaluation of educational activities for students in educational qualitymanagement. For quality evaluation the rating systemis proposed to be used. Thearticle reflects the author's approach to the evaluation of educational activities forstudents

Biological treatment of plant waste water

The article presents research on creation and implementation of a utility model for wastewater treatment plant (bunded filtration fields) in order to reduce the content of pollutants in water coming from the wastewater of a dairy processing plant. After analysing data on actual concentrations of pollutants in the wastewater treatment plant (bunded filtration fields), flow rates, and species composition of riparian vegetation, it was proposed to develop and implement a biological method for wastewater post-treatment using higher aquatic vegetation. For this purpose a utility model prototype of a floating bio-platform was produced, the size and number of structures were determined. The design of the wastewater treatment utility model includes two units: a structural unit and a vegetation unit. The constructive block included: a frame frame, composite masonry mesh, Equality Mark vapour barrier, and polyamide (braided) cord. The plant block is an artificially created phytocoenosis consisting of grass and turf and additionally higher aquatic plants. The design of the floating bioplata model was placed along the mirror of the reservoir in a line behind each other. When ready, several bioplats were connected together and transported through the water to their installation sites. For the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Trans-Ural region the assortment of aboriginal plants was selected and the method of their fixation and cultivation on the water surface was developed. The necessary area of covering of a water body by a bioplate for a decrease in the content of polluting substances in the future is calculated. The developed technology can be applied in any climatic zone with an assortment of higher aquatic vegetation characteristic of the area

EDUCATIONAL QUALITY MONITORING IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION

The article reveals the features of quality monitoring in educationalactivities for students. The authors pointed out the role of the developed proceduresfor the evaluation of educational activities for students in educational qualitymanagement. For quality evaluation the rating systemis proposed to be used. Thearticle reflects the author's approach to the evaluation of educational activities forstudents

Correlational-regression analysis application for the forecast of the specialists with higher education requirement in Russian economy

The present study was intended to investigate a hypothesis about the impact of the following parameters: dynamics of gross domestic product, dynamics of fixed assets, dynamics of labour productivity, dynamics of the level of remuneration and dynamics of fixed asset investments on the number of employees with higher education in Russia. The correlational-regression analysis confirmed the influence of dynamics of fixed assets on the number of employees with higher education. Also authors have generated the forecast about future demand for specialists with higher education and dynamics of fixed assets for the period from 2015 to 2025 years

Glycoside hydrolase stabilization of transition state charge: new directions for inhibitor design

Carbasugars are structural mimics of naturally occurring carbohydrates that can interact with and inhibit enzymes involved in carbohydrate processing. In particular, carbasugars have attracted attention as inhibitors of glycoside hydrolases (GHs) and as therapeutic leads in several disease areas. However, it is unclear how the carbasugars are recognized and processed by GHs. Here, we report the synthesis of three carbasugar isotopologues and provide a detailed transition state (TS) analysis for the formation of the initial GH-carbasugar covalent intermediate, as well as for hydrolysis of this intermediate, using a combination of experimentally measured kinetic isotope effects and hybrid QM/MM calculations. We find that the α-galactosidase from Thermotoga maritima effectively stabilizes TS charge development on a remote C5-allylic center acting in concert with the reacting carbasugar, and catalysis proceeds via an exploded, or loose, SN2 transition state with no discrete enzyme-bound cationic intermediate. We conclude that, in complement to what we know about the TS structures of enzyme-natural substrate complexes, knowledge of the TS structures of enzymes reacting with non-natural carbasugar substrates shows that GHs can stabilize a wider range of positively charged TS structures than previously thought. Furthermore, this enhanced understanding will enable the design of new carbasugar GH transition state analogues to be used as, for example, chemical biology tools and pharmaceutical lead compounds

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in pregnancy: A systematic review and case series from Russia, Kazakhstan and Turkey.

Background Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is acute viral infection and a major emerging infectious diseases threat, affecting a large geographical area. There is no proven antiviral therapy and it has a case fatality rate of 4–30%. The natural history of disease and outcomes of CCHF in pregnant women is poorly understood. Objectives To systematically review the characteristics of CCHF in pregnancy, and report a case series of 8 CCHF cases in pregnant women from Russia, Kazakhstan and Turkey. Methods A systematic review was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement protocol. PubMed, SCOPUS, Science Citation Index (SCI) were searched for reports published between January 1960 and June 2016. Two independent reviewers selected and reviewed studies and extracted data. Results Thirty-four cases of CCHF in pregnancy were identified, and combined with the case series data, 42 cases were analyzed. The majority of cases originated in Turkey (14), Iran (10) and Russia (6). There was a maternal mortality of 14/41(34%) and fetal/neonatal mortality of in 24/41 cases (58.5%). Hemorrhage was associated with maternal (p = 0.009) and fetal/neonatal death (p < 0.0001). There was nosocomial transmission to 38 cases from 6/37 index pregnant cases. Conclusion Cases of CCHF in pregnancy are rare, but associated with high rates of maternal and fetal mortality, and nosocomial transmission

An epoxide intermediate in glycosidase catalysis

Retaining glycoside hydrolases cleave their substrates through stereochemical retention at the anomeric position. Typically, this involves two-step mechanisms using either an enzymatic nucleophile via a covalent glycosyl enzyme intermediate or neighboring-group participation by a substrate-borne 2-acetamido neighboring group via an oxazoline intermediate; no enzymatic mechanism with participation of the sugar 2-hydroxyl has been reported. Here, we detail structural, computational, and kinetic evidence for neighboring-group participation by a mannose 2-hydroxyl in glycoside hydrolase family 99 endo-α-1,2-mannanases. We present a series of crystallographic snapshots of key species along the reaction coordinate: a Michaelis complex with a tetrasaccharide substrate; complexes with intermediate mimics, a sugar-shaped cyclitol β-1,2-aziridine and β-1,2-epoxide; and a product complex. The 1,2-epoxide intermediate mimic displayed hydrolytic and transfer reactivity analogous to that expected for the 1,2-anhydro sugar intermediate supporting its catalytic equivalence. Quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics modeling of the reaction coordinate predicted a reaction pathway through a 1,2-anhydro sugar via a transition state in an unusual flattened, envelope (E 3) conformation. Kinetic isotope effects (k cat/K M) for anomeric-2H and anomeric-13C support an oxocarbenium ion-like transition state, and that for C2-18O (1.052 ± 0.006) directly implicates nucleophilic participation by the C2-hydroxyl. Collectively, these data substantiate this unprecedented and long-imagined enzymatic mechanism

Elucidation of glycoside hydrolase mechanisms by measuring kinetic isotope effects using direct NMR method

Enzymes that catalyze the removal of carbohydrate units from biological molecules are called glycoside hydrolases (GH). These enzymes have been categorized into more than 150 different families. This thesis presents an analysis of the mechanistic aspects of three glycoside hydrolases elucidated by measuring kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) by a direct nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic method. A review of scope and limitations of the NMR method for competitive heavy atom (13C, 18O, 15N) and secondary deuterium KIEs measurement in biological systems is provided. A method for continuous monitoring of isotopically enriched materials is described in detail including the current state of instrumentation and computer programs for data acquisition and analysis. In order to refine the mechanistic understanding of the glycoside hydrolase family 4 (GH4) α-galactosidase from Citrobacter freundii (MelA), leaving group effects were measured with various metal cations and competitive deuterium KIEs were measured with singly and doubly deuterated activated substrates, 2-fluorophenyl and 4-fluorophenyl α-D-galactopyranosides, in the presence of Sr2+, Y3+, and Mn2+. The observations are consistent with hydride transfer at C-3 to the on-board NAD+, deprotonation at C-2, and a non-chemical step contributing to the virtual TS for V/K. The α-D-glucopyranosyl fluoride (α-GlcF) hydrolysis catalyzed by GH15 inverting α-glucoamylases from A. niger and Rhizopus sp. has been studied by use of multiple competitive kinetic isotope effect measurements. The experimental KIEs are consistent with the enzymatic reaction occurring via an SN1-type mechanism, in which the transition state has significant pyranosylium-ion like character and is late with respect to C−F bond cleavage. α-D-Glucopyranosyl fluoride is hydrolyzed by the family 55 inverting exo-1,3-β-glucanase from Trichoderma virens via the Hehre resynthesis–hydrolysis mechanism. The transition state for the Hehre resynthesis-hydrolysis mechanism for the GH55 catalyzed hydrolysis of α-GlcF has been studied by the use of multiple kinetic isotope effect measurements. The transition state for the Hehre resynthesis-hydrolysis reaction is late with respect to both C–F bond cleavage and proton transfer

Microbiological treatment system of storage ponds

One of the main sources of water pollution is industry, including food production enterprises. Wastewater of this industry is intensively polluted with easily decomposable organic substances, which can cause great damage to water bodies. Existing wastewater treatment technologies are extremely energy-consuming due to deficiencies in the analysis of the composition of liquid media, which can reveal an excess of maximum permissible concentrations of not more than ten percent of the total amount of normalized pollution. In the present paper, data on the existing wastewater discharge obtained by the laboratory method are presented, and the level of their pollution is estimated. Information about the developed Microbiological Treatment System and its ability to reduce pollutant concentrations is presented: for suspended solids by 17 times, for mass concentration of fats by 17 times, for BOD5 (biochemical oxygen demand) by 45 times, for COD (chemical oxygen demand) by 10 times, in artificially created storage ponds