Caracterización de células madre tumorales procedentes de cáncer de pulmón no microcítico

[ES* El cáncer de pulmón no microcítico (CPNM) representa aproximadamente el 80% de todos los tumores de pulmón y, en su conjunto, la supervivencia global a 5 años es una de las más bajas. Las ganancias, relativamente modestas, obtenidas en el tratamiento del CPNM en los últimos 30 años hacen urgente el diseño de nuevas estrategias terapéuticas. El descubrimiento de una pequeña población de células con propiedades de célula madre (Cancer Stem Cells, CSCs) ha dado lugar al inicio de una nueva área emergente en la investigación en cáncer. Se ha determinado que las CSCs son los primeros componentes del tumor que dan lugar a la progresión tumoral y metástasis. Además de su habilidad para autorrenovarse y diferenciarse, estas células son resistentes a la quimioterapia convencional. Sin embargo, el conocimiento de estas células en cáncer de pulmón es todavía pobre. Con este proyecto proponemos aislar y caracterizar CSCs derivadas de tumores de pacientes con CPNM, y de diferentes líneas celulares derivadas de CPNM. Para abordar esta caracterización analizaremos la expresión de marcadores de superficie y de proteínas implicadas en diferentes rutas de señalización. Los perfiles obtenidos basados en la expresión de proteínas serán esenciales en la comprensión de las redes de señalización oncogénicas activadas en estas células y se utilizarán para identificar firmas moleculares que permitan predecir una respuesta terapéutica.[EN] Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 80% of all lung tumors and overall survival at 5 years is extremely low. Given the relatively modest advances in NSCLC treatment in the last 30 years, it is necessary to design new therapeutic strategies. The discovery of a small population of cells within tumors with “stem cell-like” properties (Cancer Stem Cells, CSCs) has lead to a new field of cancer research. It has been determined that the CSCs are the first components of the tumor which lead to tumor progression and metastasis. In addition to their capability for self-renewal and differentiation, these cells are resistant to conventional chemotherapy. However, the knowledge of cancer stem cells in lung cancer is relatively limited. We therefore propose to isolate and characterize CSCs derived from NSCLC and NSCLC-derived cell lines. Protein cell surface markers and the expression of proteins involved in different signaling pathways will be analyzed in order to characterize these cells. The profiles obtained will be essential in the understanding of the activation of oncogenic signaling networks in these cells and will be used to identify molecular signatures that may allow us to predict which therapeutic strategy to adopt.Tejedor Gascón, S. (2014). Caracterización de células madre tumorales procedentes de cáncer de pulmón no microcítico. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/46152.Archivo delegad

Exposición y niños abandonados en Castilla. Propuestas ilustradas para un fenómeno social persistente

La historia demográfica y social ha venido atendiendo al fenómeno de la exposición que ha tenido una presencia tan importante en la sociedad del pasado. El siglo XVIII fue una etapa de revisión y de reformismo, que puso en el punto de mira las altas tasas de mortalidad, el abandono institucional y la penosa situación de estos establecimientos. Las ideas de la Ilustración impulsaron transformaciones, que tuvieron sus efectos prácticos en el siglo siguiente. Para observar este fenómeno y la evolución que vivió en el Setecientos, hemos centrado nuestro análisis en Castilla desde dos aspectos: las propuestas que se hicieron por ilustrados que conocían de cerca el fenómeno para solucionar las principales quiebras de ese sistema secular y algunas de las realidades concretas que ya han sido estudiadas, pudiendo así conocer teoría y práctica de la exposición infantil.Demographic and social history has been paying attention to the phenomenon of exposure, which had such an important presence in society in the past. The eighteenth century was a phase of revision and reformism, which put in the spotlight the high mortality rates, the institutional abandonment and the difficult situation of these establishings. The ideas of the Enlightenment drove reforms, which had their practical effects in the following century. To observe this phenomenon and its evolution that happened in the seventeenth century, we focused our analysis on Castile from two aspects: the proposal made by the enlightened people who knew this phenomenon nearly to solve the main failures of that secular system and some of the specific realities that have already been studied, thus being able to know theory and practice of children´s exposure.Departamento de Historia Moderna, Contemporánea y de América, Periodismo y Comunicación Audiovisual y PublicidadGrado en Histori

Microcréditos como instrumento de financiación en América Latina

El presente trabajo aborda la situación de los microcréditos como instrumento de financiación en América Latina. El sistema financiero formal de estos países, no ofrece medios de financiación a la población sin recursos debido a una carencia de garantías y un consecuente mayor riesgo de impago. Dicho instrumento pretende ofrecer financiación a personas en exclusión financiera a través de distintas entidades financieras y organizaciones mediante sus programas de microcréditos.Departamento de Economía Financiera y ContabilidadGrado en Economí

A Self Regulating and Crowdsourced Indoor Positioning System through Wi-Fi Fingerprinting for Multi Storey Building

[EN] Unobtrusive indoor location systems must rely on methods that avoid the deployment of large hardware infrastructures or require information owned by network administrators. Fingerprinting methods can work under these circumstances by comparing the real-time received RSSI values of a smartphone coming from existing Wi-Fi access points with a previous database of stored values with known locations. Under the fingerprinting approach, conventional methods suffer from large indoor scenarios since the number of fingerprints grows with the localization area. To that aim, fingerprinting-based localization systems require fast machine learning algorithms that reduce the computational complexity when comparing real-time and stored values. In this paper, popular machine learning (ML) algorithms have been implemented for the classification of real time RSSI values to predict the user location and propose an intelligent indoor positioning system (I-IPS). The proposed I-IPS has been integrated with multi-agent framework for betterment of context-aware service (CAS). The obtained results have been analyzed and validated through established statistical measurements and superior performance achieved

Bromodomain and extraterminal proteins as vovel epigenetic targets for renal diseases

Epigenetic mechanisms, especially DNA methylation and histone modifications, are dynamic processes that regulate the gene expression transcriptional program in normal and diseased states. The bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) protein family (BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and BRDT) are epigenetic readers that, via bromodomains, regulate gene transcription by binding to acetylated lysine residues on histones and master transcriptional factors. Experimental data have demonstrated the involvement of some BET proteins in many pathological conditions, including tumor development, infections, autoimmunity, and inflammation. Selective bromodomain inhibitors are epigenetic drugs that block the interaction between BET proteins and acetylated proteins, thus exerting beneficial effects. Recent data have described the beneficial effect of BET inhibition on experimental renal diseases. Emerging evidence underscores the importance of environmental modifications in the origin of pathological features in chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Several cellular processes such as oxidation, metabolic disorders, cytokines, inflammation, or accumulated uremic toxins may induce epigenetic modifications that regulate key processes involved in renal damage and in other pathological conditions observed in CKD patients. Here, we review how targeting bromodomains in BET proteins may regulate essential processes involved in renal diseases and in associated complications found in CKD patients, such as cardiovascular damage, highlighting the potential of epigenetic therapeutic strategies against BET proteins for CKD treatment and associated risksThis work was supported by grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and Fondos FEDER European Union (PI17/00119; Red de Investigación Renal REDINREN: RD16/0009 and PI17/01244), Sociedad Española de Nefrología and “NOVELREN-CM: Enfermedad renal crónica: nuevas Estrategias para la prevención, Diagnóstico y tratamiento”; B2017/BMD- 3751, Comunidad de Madrid. The “Juan de la Cierva Formacion” training program of the Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad supported the salary of SR-M (FJCI-2016-29050

An antihypertensive lactoferrin hydrolysate inhibits angiotensin I-converting enzyme, modifies expression of hypertension-related genes and enhances nitric oxide production in cultured human endothelial cells

This study was aimed to explore whether an antihypertensive lactoferrin hydrolysate (LFH) can inhibit angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) activity and modify the expression of genes related to hypertension in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). LFH induced significant inhibition of ACE activity but it did not affect ACE mRNA levels after 24 h of exposure. LFH treatment significantly affected the expression of genes encoding for proteins involved in nitric oxide pathway such as soluble guanylate cyclase 1 α3 subunit (GUCY1A3; 4.42-fold increase) and nitric oxide synthase trafficking (NOSTRIN; 2.45-fold decrease). Furthermore, expression of the PTGS2/COX-2 gene encoding prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 a key component of prostaglandin synthesis was significantly increased (2.23-fold). Moreover, NOSTRIN mRNA downregulation was consistent with reduced NOSTRIN protein expression and increased NO production observed in HUVEC. The present study reveals the complexity of the effects exerted by LFH opening avenues for the better understanding of its antihypertensive effects.This work was supported by grant AGL2010-21009 from ‘Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia – FEDER’, Consolider Ingenio 2010, Fun-C-Food, CSD2007-00063 and RETICS INVICTUS RD12/0014/0004 from ‘Instituto de Salud Carlos III’. A. García-Tejedor is recipient of a predoctoral fellowship from ‘Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia’ (BES-2011-044424).Peer reviewe

Population dynamics, delta vulnerability and environmental change: comparison of the Mekong, Ganges–Brahmaputra and Amazon delta regions

Tropical delta regions are at risk of multiple threats including relative sea level rise and human alterations, making them more and more vulnerable to extreme floods, storms, surges, salinity intrusion, and other hazards which could also increase in magnitude and frequency with a changing climate. Given the environmental vulnerability of tropical deltas, understanding the interlinkages between population dynamics and environmental change in these regions is crucial for ensuring efficient policy planning and progress toward social and ecological sustainability. Here, we provide an overview of population trends and dynamics in the Ganges–Brahmaputra, Mekong and Amazon deltas. Using multiple data sources, including census data and Demographic and Health Surveys, a discussion regarding the components of population change is undertaken in the context of environmental factors affecting the demographic landscape of the three delta regions. We find that the demographic trends in all cases are broadly reflective of national trends, although important differences exist within and across the study areas. Moreover, all three delta regions have been experiencing shifts in population structures resulting in aging populations, the latter being most rapid in the Mekong delta. The environmental impacts on the different components of population change are important, and more extensive research is required to effectively quantify the underlying relationships. The paper concludes by discussing selected policy implications in the context of sustainable development of delta regions and beyond

Plan prospectivo para la implementación de un centro de pensamiento prospectivo en tunja para Boyacá al 2012

Mapas Tablas GraficosRealizar un plan para la implementación de un centro de pensamiento prospectivo en Tunja para Boyacá al 2012. Para el desarrollo del siguiente plan se ha utilizado el método Delphi, el método Micmac, el método Mactor, que permitirán visualizar la ejecución del centro prospectivo.In the following work it is approached, in a general way, the Prospective Plan developed for the implementation of a center of Prospective thought in even Tunja Boyacá at the 2012. For the elaboration of the same one, a series of methods and tools have been used, inside which are: Method Delphi, which allows the gathering of data, to identify the variables and incident actors in the Plan; With the Method Micmac is formed the methodological structure where the data are analyzed obtained previously and assigning the qualification of the same ones, of this analysis is reflected the influence planes between actors and variables; Later on application is given to the Method Mactor, by means of the one which, the game of actors settles down and it is determined the alliance level or conflicts among the same ones

Effectiveness of Complementary Therapies in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review

According to the World Health Organization, cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world. In Spain, about a quarter of a million cases were diagnosed in 2017, and 81% of the Spanish population has used, at least once, some kind of complementary therapy. Said therapies are increasingly being used by cancer patients. The purpose of the study is to analyse the effectiveness of complementary therapies among cancer patients. A systematic peer review was conducted following the PRISMA-ScR guide in four databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus and WOS). The inclusion criteria were Randomised Clinical Trials, published between 2013 and 2018, with a value of 3 or more on the Jadad Scale. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42019127593). The study sample amounted to 1845 patients (64.55% women), the most common being breast cancer patients (794), followed by lung cancer patients (341). Fifteen complementary therapies were identified. We found two studies for each of the following: electroacupuncture, phytotherapy, hypnotherapy, guided imagery and progressive muscle relaxation. From the remaining ones, we identified a study on each therapy. The findings reveal some effective complementary therapies: auriculotherapy and acupuncture, laser moxibustion, hypnosis, Ayurveda, electroacupuncture, progressive muscle relaxation and guided imagery, yoga, phytotherapy, music therapy and traditional Chinese medicine. On the other hand, electroacupuncture, laser moxibustion and traditional Chinese medicine presented adverse effects, and kinesiology did not show effectivenes

Vitamin D, cellular senescence and chronic kidney diseases: what is missing in the equation?

As life expectancy increases in many countries, the prevalence of age-related diseases also rises. Among these conditions, chronic kidney disease is predicted to become the second cause of death in some countries before the end of the century. An important problem with kidney diseases is the lack of biomarkers to detect early damage or to predict the progression to renal failure. In addition, current treatments only retard kidney disease progression, and better tools are needed. Preclinical research has shown the involvement of the activation of cellular senescence-related mechanisms in natural aging and kidney injury. Intensive research is searching for novel treatments for kidney diseases as well as for anti-aging therapies. In this sense, many experimental shreds of evidence support that treatment with vitamin D or its analogs can exert pleiotropic protective effects in kidney injury. Moreover, vitamin D deficiency has been described in patients with kidney diseases. Here, we review recent evidence about the relationship between vitamin D and kidney diseases, explaining the underlying mechanisms of the effect of vitamin D actions, with particular attention to the modulation of cellular senescence mechanismsThis research was funded by grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and Fondos FEDER European Union (PI20/00140, PI19/00240, PI19/00815, and DTS20/00083). Red de Investigación Renal REDINREN: RD16/0009/0003 to M.R.-O. and RICORS2040; RD21/0005/0002 funded by European Union—NextGenerationEU, INNOREN cm (P2022/BMD-7221) of the Comunidad de Madrid, Sociedad Española de Nefrología. Innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant of the European Union’s Horizon 2020 (IMProve-PD ID: 812699) to M.R.-