AB1258­HPR pilot study: does a mediterranean diet­based weight loss programme improve health outcomes in overweight older women with knee osteoarthritis?

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the leading causes of pain and disability among older adults, particularly women. Pain and mobility disability are major consequences of knee OA which and can interfere with the functional autonomy of elderly and thus, making it difficult to perform activities of daily living. Evidence suggests that obesity is strongly linked to knee OA and that non­pharmacological therapy should be based on physical activity and weight loss in case of overweight and obesity. A positive relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and health outcomes has been widely discussed in scientific literature, including its potential benefits in weight loss

An integrative assessment to determine the genotoxic hazard of estuarine sediments: combining cell and whole-organism responses

The application of the Comet assay in environmental monitoring remains challenging in face of the complexity of environmental stressors, e.g., when dealing with estuarine sediments, that hampers the drawing of cause-effect relationships. Although the in vitro Comet assay may circumvent confounding factors, its application in environmental risk assessment (ERA) still needs validation. As such, the present work aims at integrating genotoxicity and oxidative DNA damage induced by sediment-bound toxicants in HepG2 cells with oxidative stress-related effects observed in three species collected from an impacted estuary. Distinct patterns were observed in cells exposed to crude mixtures of sediment contaminants from the urban/industrial area comparatively to the ones from the rural/riverine area of the estuary, with respect to oxidative DNA damage and oxidative DNA damage. The extracts obtained with the most polar solvent and the crude extracts caused the most significant oxidative DNA damage in HepG2 cells, as measured by the formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (FPG)-modified Comet assay. This observation suggests that metals and unknown toxicants more hydrophilic than polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons may be important causative agents, especially in samples from the rural part of the estuary, where oxidative DNA damage was the most significant. Clams, sole, and cuttlefish responded differentially to environmental agents triggering oxidative stress, albeit yielding results accordant with the oxidative DNA damage observed in HepG2 cells. Overall, the integration of in vivo biomarker responses and Comet assay data in HepG2 cells yielded a comparable pattern, indicating that the in vitro FPG-modified Comet assay may be an effective and complementary line-of-evidence in ERA even in particularly challenging, natural, scenarios such as estuarine environments

Investigating the factors which influence the child's conception of angle.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the factors which influence the child's understanding of angle. Fifty-four students aged from 6 to 14, were set 92 activities to solve in three separate sections. The activities were elaborated according to six interwoven variables: (a) activities in static and dynamic perspectives carried out under (b) three different representational systems: oral (everyday life model), written (paper and pencil model), and bodysyntonic (Logo model). These were inserted in three situations (c), rotation, navigation and comparison, using (d) different materials. The children were asked (e) to perform an action or to recognise differences and similarities between angles, followed by an explanation, or description of what they had done. All activities involved (f) different sizes of angle. The findings were submitted to both quantitative and posteriori qualitative analysis. Cross-sectionally by age, the data indicate a strong trend of improved performance with age. This points to a developmental effect, but the school's influence has to be taken into account. The results suggest that the child's acquisition of the conception of angle has a dynamic perspective as its starting-point. In particular, the children performed better within activities which involved rotation. This does not imply that every child used the dynamic perspective of angle consistently across all tasks. In fact the choice of perspective frequently changedaccording to the meaning of the situation, which could sometimes be depended on cultural influences. This was particularly apparent in the watch arena, the situation which the children were most successful. In a comparison of representational systems, the best performances were achieved in activities on Logo, while activities conducted with paper & pencil proved to be the most difficult. Performance was also enhanced in tasks which required action by the children. These findings indicate that there exist various factors influencing a child's understanding of angle, and these factors are close interrelated

Relatório de estágio em educação pré-escolar

O presente relatório tem como objetivo narrar e refletir os acontecimentos e aprendizagens da formanda nos estágios em contexto de Creche e de Educação Pré-Escolar. Estes surgem no domínio da Unidade Curricular (UC) de Prática Educativa Supervisionada (PES), inserida no curso de Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar. Os estágios têm como propósito observar e aplicar os conhecimentos adquiridos nas unidades curriculares estudadas ao longo da licenciatura, bem como compará-los com a prática pedagógica propriamente dita. Considerou-se importante e fundamental, durante os estágios, recorrer a instrumentos de observação e de registos, uma vez que permite ao(á) educador(a) compreender os interesses e necessidades de cada criança e do grupo. Procurou-se refletir sobre, na e para a ação de forma a conhecer e desenvolver a prática. A mestranda aprendeu o que seria possível fazer e o que não poderia fazer ao longo do seu processo de formação. E cada dia que passava, na Prática Educativa Supervisionada, a mestranda consolidava conceitos, relacionados com as crianças, com os adultos, com os contextos de Creche e de Educação Pré-Escolar, com a comunidade e com as interações entre todos. Finaliza-se fazendo-se referência a Marxwell Maltz, que afirma que “a vida está cheia de desafios que, se aproveitados de forma criativa, transformam-se em oportunidades”.The present report’s objective is to narrate and reflect about the events and learnings of the Master student in the internship in the context of Day Care and Preschool Education. These emerge in the domain of the Curricular Unit (CU) of Supervisioned Educational Practice (SEP), which is part of the Master’s Degree in Preschool Education. Its purpose is to observe and apply the knowledge acquired in the curricular units studied throughout the graduation, as well as comparing them to the pedagogic practice itself. It was considered important and fundamental to resort to observation and registry instruments, not only of the process in the class, but also, of the educational environment, since it allows the educator to comprehend the interests and necessities of each child and group. The Master student learned what was possible to do and what wasn’t. Each day that passed, in the supervisioned education practice, took her to the consolidation of concepts, related with children, with adults, with the contexts of Day Care and Preschool Education, with the community and the interactions between all of them. It’s finalized by making reference to Marxwell Maltz, who states that “life is full of challenges that, if harnessed in a creative way, are transformed in opportunities”

Naufrágio das Civilizações: o caso particular dos refugiados na União Europeia

Dissertação de Mestrado, Relações Internacionais: O Espaço Euro-Atlântico, 17 de maio de 2023, Universidade dos Açores.Por motivos diversos, cada vez mais pessoas tentam entrar na Europa em busca de melhores condições de vida. Isso coloca a cada Estado do Velho Continente o desafio de lidar com a questão e de saber quais os casos em que, em virtude de normas nacionais e internacionais vigentes, é obrigado a acolher esses estrangeiros, definitiva ou temporariamente, ou não. Está em causa, por um lado, a soberania dos Estados e por outro, a garantia de direitos humanos fundamentais de estrangeiros e apátridas que se viram privados deles nos seus países de origem. No presente trabalho procuraremos assim abordar a questão dos refugiados no caso particular da União Europeia e no período temporal que vai de 2015 à atualidade, discorrendo sobre a origem da atual crise de refugiados na Europa, as respostas que vêm sendo dadas ao abrigo da legislação comunitária e interna dos vários Estados-Membros, concluindo que existe uma falta de uniformização no atual Sistema Europeu Comum de Asilo (SECA) que o Novo Pacto em matéria de Migração e Asilo, lançado a 23 de setembro de 2020, se propõe combater, mas que ainda tem um longo caminho a percorrer. Veremos que os desafios que se colocam hoje já não são os mesmos de 2015, quando o mundo, em particular a Europa despertou para a problemática dos refugiados, que viram a sua situação, já de si precária, agudizar-se pela pandemia de COVID-19. E como se a provação ainda não fosse bastante, a 24 de fevereiro de 2022 a Rússia invade a Ucrânia deixando o mundo à beira de uma Terceira Guerra Mundial e provocando um crescimento exponencial do número de refugiados.ABSTRACT: For various reasons, more and more people try to enter Europe in search of better living conditions. This places every State of the Old Continent with the challenge of dealing with the issue and of knowing in which cases, on account of national and international norms in effect, it is obliged to welcome these foreigners, definitively or temporarily, or not. It is in question, on the one hand, the sovereignty of States and, on the other hand, the guarantee of fundamental human rights of foreigners and stateless persons who were deprived of them in their countries of origin. In the present work, we will thus seek to address the issue of refugees in the particular case of the European Union and in the time period from 2015 to the present time, discussing the origin of the current refugee crisis in Europe, the answers that have been given under community and internal legislation of the various Member States, concluding that there is a lack of standardization in the current Common European Asylum System (CEAS) that the New Pact on Migration and Asylum, launched on September, 23 of 2020, aims to combat, but which still has a long way to go. We will see that the challenges faced today are no longer the same as in 2015, when the world, in particular Europe, woke up to the problem of refugees, who saw their already precarious situation worsened by the COVID-19 pandemic. And as if the ordeal was not enough, on February, 24 of 2022 Russia invades Ukraine leaving the world on the edge of a Third World War and causing an exponential growth in the number of refugees

(Im)possibilities of implementing an unified health services management in the Brazilian National Health System (SUS) in a large municipality: the case of São Paulo city, Brazil

A construção da direção única na saúde constitui-se um desafio para a gestão local do SUS, particularmente para municípios de grande porte. Este artigo analisou o processo de implementação do SUS no município de São Paulo, visando identificar estratégias para viabilizar uma direção única, no período de 2001 a 2008. Com base em um estudo de caso, foram utilizados dados obtidos de informantes privilegiados da gestão e de documentos de gestão. O conceito de integração sanitária foi utilizado como categoria analítica. Foram analisados movimentos e estratégias dos atores institucionais envolvidos diretamente na gestão do SUS, os gestores municipal e estadual. Observaram-se avanços institucionais como a municipalização das unidades básicas de saúde estaduais e a habilitação do município na gestão plena do sistema municipal. Apesar dessa condição de gestão e da identidade político-partidária entre os governos municipal e estadual desde 2005, constatou-se a coexistência de dois subsistemas públicos de saúde pouco integrados. Um municipal, que concentrava os serviços de atenção básica; outro estadual, que concentrava parte considerável dos serviços de média e alta complexidades. Instrumentos de gestão adotados, como o sistema de regulação, mostraram-se frágeis para superar a falta de integração entre os referidos subsistemas. Como implementar a direção única no SUS implica uma (re)divisão de recursos e poder, discute-se que não bastam normas nem instrumentos de gestão para viabilizá-la. É um desafio estratégico para o SUS implementar processo de negociação, envolvendo os atores institucionais e políticos, visando a pactuação de um projeto político na saúde.The construction of a unified health management is a challenge to the local Brazilian National Health System (SUS) management, especially in large cities. This article analyzed the implementation process of the SUS in the city of São Paulo. Its objective was to identify strategies to implement the unified health management, in the period from 2001 to 2008. The method used was a case study and data collection was based on management documents and interviews. The concept of health services integration was used as analytical category. Movements and strategies of the SUS institutional actors in the city of São Paulo were analyzed. Institutional improvements were observed, like the municipalization of the state healthcare centers and the qualification of São Paulo in the full management of the municipal health system. Despite this SUS management status and the political party identity that has been occurring between state and city governments since 2005, there were two separate public health subsystems with litle integration between them: the municipal one, which concentrated the primary healthcare services, and the state one, concentrating most of the secondary and tertiary health services. The management tools used, such as the regulation system, proved to be fragile to overcome the lack of integration between those health subsystems. As the implementation of a unified health management in SUS implies a (re)division of resources and power, rules and management tools are not enough to make it feasible. Implementing a negotiation process between the institutional and political actors involved in a common political project in health is a strategic challenge

Cytotoxic and genotoxic assessment of potentially contaminated sediments from the Sado Estuary

Previous studies have shown that the river Sado Estuary (W Portugal) is highly susceptible to contamination due to anthropogenic activity. In fact, sizable concentrations of metals, pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have been measured in sediments from various points of the estuary. Those compounds may be absorbed by aquatic species, making it a public health issue when entering the human food chain. The purpose of this study was to assess the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of sediment extracts in a human cell line, through the neutral red uptake assay and the alkaline comet assay, respectively. Three sediment samples were collected: two in potentially contaminated sites (samples C and F, Sado Estuary) and one in a putative control station (sample M, Mira Estuary). The overall contaminants were extracted from the three samples. HepG2 cells were exposed for 48h to serial dilutions of each extract (ranging from 0.01 to 2μl). A dose-related decrease in cell viability was observed for samples F and M (from 0.1 and 0.5μl, respectively, up to 2μl), indicating a toxic effect caused by the complex contaminants mixtures. However, no genotoxicity could be observed for any sample in the experimental conditions used. Further studies are underway with different exposure times and different endpoints for a more complete assessment of the extracts' genotoxic properties

Estratégias de Interpretação Gráfica de uma Professora Polivalente ao Manipular Dados no Ambiente Computacional

The present paper refers to the analyses of one primary school teacher’s manipulation of graphics dealing with basic Statistics concepts. The teacher’s formation occurred during workshops as well as individual meetings carried out at the school where this teacher works. The main themes were graphic manipulation and representation of data inside a computational environment. For the purpose of this paper, we will present an analysis of the teacher’s strategies to solve a ‘pontual question’. The results indicate that the teacher preferred to read graphics as if they were simplified tables, avoiding the iconic representation. Although frequency tables are often an efficient way to analyze data, there are moments in which tables alone are not sufficient, and a graphic representation is necessary. This teacher’s rejection of the graphic mode also reveals her lack of familiarity with the technology. Keywords: Teacher Formation. Data Handling. Primary School. Computer Environment. Concept Formation.Este artigo refere-se à análise das estratégias de manipulação de dados por uma professora das séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, sobre a formação de conceitos elementares de estatística. A formação ocorreu em oficinas realizadas numa escola pública e também em encontros individuais, tendo como tema a manipulação e representação de dados no ambiente computacional. Neste artigo nos deteremos à análise da resolução adotada pela professora em uma questão pontual. Os resultados dessa análise indicam que a professora em questão apresentava uma preferência para ler os gráficos como se fossem tabelas simplificadas (tabelas de freqüência), evitando assim a representação icônica. Embora tabelas de freqüência, muitas vezes, proporcionem um meio eficaz para análise dos dados, há momentos em que só as tabelas não são suficientes, fazendo-se necessário o uso da representação gráfica. Essa rejeição pelo modo gráfico revela também a pouca familiaridade da professora com a tecnologia que tinha em mãos. Palavras-chave: Manipulação de Dados. Formação de Professor. Informática Educativa. Ensino Fundamental. Formação de Conceitos

Fatores de risco consulta de ortopedia do hospital militar principal / instituto superior de luanda

A fratura diafisária da tíbia é descrita como a mais comum dos ossos longos. Os adultos jovens do sexo masculino são os mais acometidos e o traumatismo de alta energia, como os acidentes de viação, os de motociclos e os atropelamentos estão entre as causas mais frequentes de fratura da diáfise da tíbia. Por ser subcutânea na face antero medial, a fratura exposta é a complicação mais frequente. A osteomielite surge como complicação de fratura exposta. Outros fatores de risco envolvidos na génese da osteomielite estão a diabetes mellitus, a insuficiência vascular, a doença arterial isquémica assim como doenças infeciosas. A osteomielite muito frequente em Angola ocorre na maioria dos casos, por embolização do foco infecioso à distância, evoluindo para osteomielite hematogênia aguda. (24) Ou por complicação de fraturas expostas. A persistência do processo infecioso é causa de cronicidade. (38) Hoje é consenso da literatura, que para o tratamento das fraturas expostas da diáfise da tíbia de graus I e II de Gustillo e Anderson, o encavilhamento intramedular precoce é o indicado. Pelo que, realizou-se uma pesquisa cujo objetivo foi o de descrever os fatores de risco da osteomielite crônica em pacientes com diagnóstico de fratura diafisária da tíbia que acorreram á consulta externa de ortopedia no HMP/IS em Luanda, Identificar a população bacteriana mais frequente na osteomielite crônica e verificar os resultados clínicos e funcionais obtidos com o tratamento (1). Foi realizado um estudo observacional, descritivo, e prospetivo com uma amostra constituída por 50 doentes com diagnóstico de fratura diafisária da tíbia fechada ou exposta e que desenvolveu osteomielite crónica. Dos resultados, os doentes foram todos do género masculino e de etnia negra, com média de idade de 35,1 anos, 40% eram de categoria militar, 58% concluíram o ensino médio, 68% não fumavam, no entanto 62% consumiam álcool, 80% tinham luz elétrica, mas 36% não dispunham de água corrente. O mecanismo de trauma foi em 76%, o acidente de viação e 60% da fratura acometeu o 1/3 médio da tíbia. 80% das fraturas expostas classificaram-se no tipo III e III-A. O agente bacteriano mais frequente foi o Staphylococus Aureus em 38,9% dos casos. 46% da população com fratura exposta da diáfise da tíbia desenvolveu como complicação osteomielite crónica. 64% apresentaram valores de hemoglobina no intervalo dos 11-16 g/dl. 38% da população estudada apresentou valores de neutrófilos <50%. Os valores da glicémia em 90% apresentaram-se entre 3,8 a 6,0 mmol/L. A fratura exposta constituiu o fator de risco mais frequente em 70% dos casos, seguindo a HTA com 4% dos casos, a diabetes mellitus, o VIH e a drepanocitose foram os menos frequentes com 2% dos casos. 70% dos doentes com diagnóstico de fratura exposta foram submetidos a desbridamento cirúrgico, osteotaxia e antibioterapia e 15% dos casos com fratura fechada foram submetidos ao encavilhamento endomedular a céu fechado.The fracture diaphysis of tibia is described as the most common of the long bones. Adults young males are the most affected and the high-energy trauma such as traffic accidents, motorcycles, road kills are among the most frequent causes of fracture of shaft of tibia. For being in the anteromedial face subcutaneous open fracture is the most common complication. Osteomyelitis arises as a complication of compound fracture, among other risk factors involved in the genesis of osteomyelitis are diabetes mellitus, vascular insufficiency, arterial ischemic disease as well as infectious diseases. Osteomyelitis most frequently in Angola, occurs in most cases by infectious focus distance embolization, evolving into acute Hematogenous osteomyelitis. (24) Or by a complication of compound fractures. The persistence of infectious process is cause of chronicity. Bone necrosis associated with, as a result of loss of blood supply is a growing medium to a group of bacteria that remain dormant. (38) The treatment of osteomyelitis as one of the complications of compound fracture is a challenge for the orthopedic surgeon today’s consensus of the literature, that for the treatment of fractures of the tibial diaphysis exposed of grades I and II of Gustillo and Anderson, the intramedullary encavilhamento is indicated early.(1) The aim of the study was describe the risk factors of chronic osteomyelitis in patients with diaphysis fracture of the tibia that flocked to the outer query in orthopedics; Identify the most frequent bacterial population in chronic osteomyelitis; and check the results obtained with the clinical and functional treatment. Was conducted an observational study, descriptive, transversal and prospective study with a sample consisting of 50 patients with diaphysis fracture diagnosis of tibia closed or exposed and developed whether or not chronic osteomyelitis. All patients were of male gender and ethnicity black, with an average age of 35.1 years, 40% were military and soldiers category, 58% have completed secondary education, 68% not smoked, however 62% used alcohol, 80% had electricity, but 36% did not have running water. The trauma mechanism was at 76%, the road accident and 60% of the fracture involved the 1/3 of the tibia. 80% of exposed fractures qualified on type III and IIIA. The most frequent bacterial agent Staphylococus aureus was in 38,9% of cases. 46% of the population with compound fracture of shaft of tibia developed chronic osteomyelitis complication. 64% showed hemoglobin values in the range of 11-16 g/dl. 38% values of neutrophils in the 50% range <. The values of glycaemia in 90% showed values of -6.0 3.8 mmol/l. The compound fracture was the most frequent risk factor in 70% of cases, followed by hypertension with 4% of the cases, diabetes mellitus, HIV and the disease were the less frequent with 2% of cases. 70% of patients with diagnosis of compound fracture underwent surgical debridement, osteotaxia and antibiotics and 15% of cases with closed fractures were submitted to encavilhamento endomedular the sky closed