Depresión en los cuidadores familiares de enfermos crónicos

Chronic illness affects the individual who suffers as all those who maintain relationships with patients, and especially to his family and caregivers. Over 50% of caregivers show high levels of depression and anxiety, which vary depending on the duration and intensity of the clinical condition of the person cared for. Material and Methods We used a non-probability sampling technique of incidental type, selecting a total of 300 people who were divided into three subsamples of 100 subjects each; Relatives caring for people who are totally dependent; Relatives caring for children and youth totally dependent and finally family caregivers of people with diseases of mild dependence, evaluated with the Beck Depression Inventory. We created a questionnaire that included questions on personal characteristics, social and labor, both of the dependent person and the family caregiver. Results and conclusions We could observe that most families do not have levels of depression or this is of a mild level unlike other studies reviewed.La enfermedad crónica afecta tanto al sujeto que la padece como a todas aquellas personas que mantienen relación con el enfermo, y muy especialmente a su familia y a sus cuidadores. Más del 50% de los cuidadores muestran altos niveles de depresión y ansiedad, variando estas en función de la duración e intensidad de la situación clínica de la persona cuidada. Material y métodos Se utilizó una técnica de muestreo no probabilístico de tipo incidental y se seleccionó un total de 300 personas, las que se dividieron en tres submuestras de 100 sujetos cada una: familiares que cuidaban a personas totalmente dependientes, familiares que cuidaban a niños y jóvenes totalmente dependientes, y familiares cuidadores de personas con enfermedades de dependencia leve. Estas fueron evaluadas con el Inventario de Depresión de Beck. Se creó un cuestionario en el que se incluyeron preguntas sobre las características personales, sociales y laborales tanto de la persona dependiente como del familiar cuidador. Resultados y conclusiones Se puede observar que la mayoría de los familiares no presenta niveles de depresión o esta es de carácter leve a diferencia de otros estudios revisados

Determinação automática de limiares para classificação de conjuntos multitemporais de imagens de satélite

Os métodos de classificação orientados por objetos apresentam uma eficácia elevada quando aplicados a imagens de satélite. No entanto, os algoritmos desenvolvidos para a classificação de uma determinada imagem apresentam um desempenho mais baixo quando aplicados a uma imagem da mesma área geográfica, adquirida noutra época, ou a uma imagem de outra área geográfica. O principal obstáculo à repetibilidade do algoritmo é a identificação dos valores dos limiares de corte a aplicar às funções de classificação, que é necessário adaptar a cada imagem, o que torna o processo subjetivo e demorado. Foi desenvolvido um método, baseado na análise por componentes principais, que permite o ajuste automático dos limiares adequados para a classificação de imagens da mesma área geográfica adquiridas noutra época. Os dados de entrada do algoritmo são os limiares selecionados visualmente para a classificação de quatro imagens de referência. Através desses limiares e de parâmetros conhecidos que caraterizam as imagens e as condições em que estas foram adquiridas, o algoritmo calcula os limiares adequados para a classificação de um novo conjunto de imagens. O algoritmo foi testado em imagens SAR de amplitude adquiridas pelos satélites Envisat e ERS-2 (aplicado à identificação de áreas inundadas) e em imagens óticas adquiridas pelo sensor do Landsat 8, tendo ficado demonstrada a sua utilidade na automatização do processo de ajustamento dos limiares a novas imagens, de forma objetiva e expedita, promovendo a repetibilidade da metodologia de classificação desenvolvida.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Evidence of Surface Rupture Associated With Historical Earthquakes in the Lower Tagus Valley, Portugal. Implications for Seismic Hazard in the Greater Lisbon Area

The Lower Tagus Valley Fault, Portugal, has long been associated with the damaging earthquakes that affected the Greater Lisbon Area in historical times. These include a poorly documented earthquake that occurred in 1344, the relatively well-documented 1531 earthquake, and the most recent M6.0 1909 earthquake. In this work, we use a 0.5 m resolution LiDAR-based digital elevation model and a 0.5 cm resolution digital surface model based on UAV photogrammetry to accurately locate the fault scarps in the northernmost portion of the western fault strand and to select sites to perform paleoseimolological investigations. The paleoseismological and geochronological analysis performed in the Alviela trench site document the fault activity in the last 3000 years, including two earthquakes during historical times. We performed ground motion scenarios for 20 km, 40 km, and 60 km ruptures including the trench site. The ground motion fields obtained for the 40 km and 60 km ruptures are in agreement with most macroseismic intensity data available for the 1531 earthquake, implying a magnitude in the range M6.8–7.4. However, the degree of deformation preserved in the trench suggests a value closer to the lower magnitude bound. The intensity level observed in Lisbon in 1531 (IX) is lower than the modeled intensities for all considered scenarios and could be related to a particularly high level of vulnerability of the building stock

Exploring the Biological Properties of Zn(II) Bis thiosemicarbazone Helicates

The design of artificial helicoidal molecules derived from metal ions with biological properties is one of the objectives within metallosupramolecular chemistry. Herein, we report three zinc helicates derived from a family of bis thiosemicarbazone ligands with different terminal groups, Zn(L Me)∙2HO 1, Zn(L Ph)∙2HO 2 and Zn(L PhNO2) 3, obtained by an electrochemical methodology. These helicates have been fully characterized by different techniques, including X-ray diffraction. Biological studies of the zinc(II) helicates such as toxicity assays with erythrocytes and interaction studies with proteins and oligonucleotides were performed, demonstrating in all cases low toxicity and an absence of covalent interaction with the proteins and oligonucleotides. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the helicates was tested against MCF-7 (human breast carcinoma), A2780 (human ovarian carcinoma cells), NCI-H460 (human lung carcinoma cells) and MRC-5 (normal human lung fibroblasts), comparing the IC values with cisplatin. We will try to demonstrate if the terminal substituent of the ligand precursor exerts any effect in toxicity or in the antitumor activity of the zinc helicates

Intelligent monitoring of Aedes aegypti in a rural area of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

The aim of this research was to monitor the presence of females of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) on the Seropédica municipality, Rio de Janeiro State, from 2010 to 2013. For this purpose, the Intelligent Dengue Monitoring (IM-Dengue) and Intelligent Virus Monitoring (IM-Virus) developed by Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (Ecovec – Minas Gerais, Brazil), were used. IM-Dengue is a tool that allows achieving a weekly overview of A. aegypti infestation, while IM-Virus is another tool that allows detecting dengue virus directly from the mosquito, by Real Time-PCR. Both tools were developed for diagnosis in a prepathogenesis period of the disease, before infection occurrence. Traps were distributed in 19 locations inside the municipality and the bugs were collected weekly during the years of the research. As a result, the presence of 163 females of A. aegypti was recorded over the period; there was no circulation of the virus in the municipality. In one of the 19 study sites, a high degree of disease transmission risk was verified. The study concluded that the municipality, as a whole, showed no risk of disease transmission throughout the field research period

The Eastern Lower Tagus Valley Fault Zone in central Portugal : active faulting in a low-deformation region within a major river environment

Active faulting in the Lower Tagus Valley, Central Portugal, poses a significant seismic hazard that is not well understood. Although the area has been affected by damaging earthquakes during historical times, only recently has definitive evidence of Quaternary surface faulting been found along the western side of the Tagus River. The location, geometry and kinematics of active faults along the eastern side of the Tagus valley have not been previously studied. We present the first results of mapping and paleoseismic analysis of the eastern strand of the Lower Tagus Valley Fault Zone (LTVFZ). Geomorphological, paleoseismological, and seismic reflection studies indicate that the Eastern LTVFZ is a left-lateral strike-slip fault. The detailed mapping of geomorphic features and studies in two paleoseismic trenches show that surface fault rupture has occurred at least six times during the past 10 ka. The river offsets indicate a minimum slip rate on the order of 0.14–0.24 mm/yr for the fault zone. Fault trace mapping, geomorphic analysis, and paleoseismic studies suggest a maximum magnitude for the Eastern LTVFZ of Mw ~ 7.3 with a recurrence interval for surface ruptures ~ 1.7 ka. At least two events occurred after 1175 ± 95 cal yr BP. Single-event displacements are unlikely to be resolved in the paleoseismic trenches, thus our observations most probably represent the minimum number of events identified in the trenches

Erratum to: The study of cardiovascular risk in adolescents – ERICA: rationale, design and sample characteristics of a national survey examining cardiovascular risk factor profile in Brazilian adolescents

1585

Estudo sismologico do vulcao do fogo.

Results from seismic surveys in Fogo and Brava Islands (Cape Verde) before, during and after the April 1995 Fogo eruption are combined with structural, historical and petrogy data. The analysis of seismic data from the first trimester of 1994 shows clear evidence of magma movements under the channel between the two islands, and suggests a possible connection between the two plumbing systems. During the 1995 eruption, the seismic monitoring inside the caldera allowed the identification of a sub vertical dyke, with the strike of the main eruptive fissure (060 deg C). The local stress field is estimated from several joint focal mechanisms and indicates a spatial and temporal interplay between two distinct contributions. Besides the expected #omega#_3 direction normal to the dyke, a group of local solutions point to a stress field with nearly dyke parallel #omega#3. The latter is interpreted to have controlled the post eruptive reactivation (with magma transport) of a 120 deg C oriented structure, also defined by the hipocentral distribution. Together, the seismic and structural data suggest that gravity played a significant role in the re-adjustment of the edifice following the eruption. The data set from the surveys of 1994, 1995 and 1999 allowed the classification of the volcanic seismicity in different categories.Available from Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Servico de Informacao e Documentacao, Av. D. Carlos I, 126, 1249-074 Lisboa, Portugal / FCT - Fundação para o Ciência e a TecnologiaSIGLEPTPortuga