Hormonas y conducta

Fac. de PsicologíaTRUEProQuestpu

Estilos de apego y acoso entre iguales (bullying) en adolescentes

The aim of this work is twofold, (a) to validate the Spanish version of the Adolescent Relationship Scales Questionnaire (ARSQ) and (b) to examine associations between attachment and peer bullying (victimization). A total of 600 adolescents (aged 13-16 years) completed the ARSQ and the CAI-CA (a Spanish questionnaire of bullying victimization). Exploratory factor analyses of the ARSQ yield a structure of three uncorrelated factors which appear to correspond to the secure, fearful/preoccupied and dismissing kinds of attachment, respectively. Girls scored higher than boys on secure and fearful/preoccupied attachment. Thirty-four percent of the sample reported to have been victim of peer bullying. A hierarchical logistic regression analysis indicated that, after controlling for age and gender, fearful/preoccupied attachment significantly predicted the risk of being a victim of bullying. Results are discussed in respect of possible implications for the primary prevention of bullying.El objetivo del presente trabajo es doble: (a) validar la versión española del Adolescent Relationship Scales Questionnaire (ARSQ), y (b) examinar la asociación entre el apego y el acoso entre iguales (victimización). Un total de 600 adolescentes (entre 13 y 16 años de edad) cumplimentó el ARSQ y el CAI-CA (Cuestionario de Acoso entre Iguales—Conductas de Acoso). A través de análisis factoriales exploratorios del ARSQ obtuvimos una estructura de tres factores no correlacionados, los cuales correspondían a las formas de apego seguro, miedoso/preocupado y evitativo, respectivamente. Las chicas puntuaron más alto que los chicos en apego seguro y miedoso/ preocupado. El 34% de la muestra informó haber sido víctima de acoso entre iguales. El análisis de regresión logística jerárquica indicó que, tras controlar el efecto de la edad y el género, el apego miedoso/preocupado predecía el riesgo de ser víctima de acoso por los compañeros. Se discuten los resultados en relación con posibles implicaciones sobre la prevención primaria del bullying.

Disgust sensitivity relates to attitudes toward gay men and lesbian women across 31 nations

Previous work has reported a relation between pathogen-avoidance motivations and prejudice toward various social groups, including gay men and lesbian women. It is currently unknown whether this association is present across cultures, or specific to North America. Analyses of survey data from adult heterosexuals ( N = 11,200) from 31 countries showed a small relation between pathogen disgust sensitivity (an individual-difference measure of pathogen-avoidance motivations) and measures of antigay attitudes. Analyses also showed that pathogen disgust sensitivity relates not only to antipathy toward gay men and lesbians, but also to negativity toward other groups, in particular those associated with violations of traditional sexual norms (e.g., prostitutes). These results suggest that the association between pathogen-avoidance motivations and antigay attitudes is relatively stable across cultures and is a manifestation of a more general relation between pathogen-avoidance motivations and prejudice towards groups associated with sexual norm violations

Disgust sensitivity relates to attitudes toward gay men and lesbian women across 31 nations

Previous work has reported a relation between pathogen-avoidance motivations and prejudice toward various social groups, including gay men and lesbian women. It is currently unknown whether this association is present across cultures, or specific to North America. Analyses of survey data from adult heterosexuals (N = 11,200) from 31 countries showed a small relation between pathogen disgust sensitivity (an individual-difference measure of pathogen-avoidance motivations) and measures of antigay attitudes. Analyses also showed that pathogen disgust sensitivity relates not only to antipathy toward gay men and lesbians, but also to negativity toward other groups, in particular those associated with violations of traditional sexual norms (e.g., prostitutes). These results suggest that the association between pathogen-avoidance motivations and antigay attitudes is relatively stable across cultures and is a manifestation of a more general relation between pathogen-avoidance motivations and prejudice towards groups associated with sexual norm violations

Psychometrics properties of the Spanish version of two Dark Triad scales:The Dirty Dozen and the Short Dark Triad

The Dark Triad refers to three malevolent personality traits, namely narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. The Dirty Dozen (DD) and Short Dark Triad (SD3) have been developed as concise scales for measuring these traits. This study examined the psychometrics properties of the Spanish version of the DD and SD3 in a non-clinical population recruited via the internet (N = 454). For both scales, we found (1) an adequate fit for the hypothesized factor structure with three separate but correlated malevolent traits; (2) mostly moderate to good reliability coefficients; (3) significant gender differences with males scoring higher on Dark Triad traits than females; (4) theoretically meaningful links with Eysenck’s personality supertraits; (5) positive correlations with externalizing and – albeit to a lesser extent –internalizing psychiatric symptoms; and (6) that most Dark Triad traits were positively associated with a socially desirable response tendency. It can be concluded that the Spanish DD and SD3 display highly similar psychometric qualities as the original scales and other translations of these measure

Análisis y modificación de conducta

Resumen tomado de la publicaciónSe analizan tres hipótesis interrelacionadas sobre la separación entre la sensibilidad a la ansiedad (SA) y el rasgo de ansiedad y sobre la capacidad que poseen las dimensiones específicas de SA para predecir el miedo. Se aplicó la versión española de la escala de sensibilidad a la ansiedad ASI junto a otras pruebas de ansiedad, depresión y personalidad a una muestra de 910 estudiantes universitarios. El análisis de la ASI se efectuó tanto a nivel de la escala total como a nivel de las tres subescalas (somática, cognitiva y social). Los resultados indicaron que la ASI resultó ser el mejor predictor de los miedos; las restantes variables resultaban insignificantes cuando se controlaba el efecto de la ASI. La subescala ASI-somática predecía más específicamente los miedos agorafóbicos y los de tipo sangre-inyección-daño, mientras que la subescala ASI-social lo era para los miedos sociales. Los datos son discutidos en relación con la separación entre la SA y el rasgo de ansiedad, la predicción diferencial de la SA, y la validez predictiva de la versión española de ASI.ValenciaUniversidad de Burgos. Biblioteca Central; Plaza Infanta Doña Elena, s. n.; 09001 Burgos; +34947258000; +34947258043;ES

Robust dimensions of anxiety sensitivity: Development and initial validation of the anxiety sensitivity index-3

Accumulating evidence suggests that anxiety sensitivity (fear of arousal-related sensations) plays an important role in many clinical conditions, particularly anxiety disorders. Research has increasingly focused on how the basic dimensions of anxiety sensitivity are related to various forms of psychopathology. Such work has been hampered because the original measure-the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI)- was not designed to be multidimensional. Subsequently developed multidimensional measures have unstable factor structures or measure only a subset of the most widely replicated factors. Tlierefore, the authors developed, via factor analysis of responses from U.S. and Canadian nonclinical participants (n = 2,361), an 18-item measure, the ASI-3, which assesses the 3 factors best replicated in previous research: Physical, Cognitive, and Social Concerns. Factorial validity of the ASI-3 was supported by confirmatory factor analyses of 6 replication samples, including nonclinical samples from the United States and Canada, France, Mexico, the Netherlands, and Spain (n = 4,494) and a clinical sample from the United States and Canada (n = 390). The ASI-3 displayed generally good performance on other indices of reliability and validity, along with evidence of improved psychometric properties over the original ASI