14,786 research outputs found
A U.S. Manager\u27s Guide to Differences Between IFRS and U.S. GAAP
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are now required for consolidated financial reports for all European Union exchange-listed companies. Officials estimated that for 2005, the initial year of EU adoption, 8,000 financial statements were prepared in accordance with IFRS for the first time. Other countries have also adopted IFRS or IFRS-equivalent financial reporting standards. IFRS differ from U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) in many key areas. The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) are working on various convergence projects designed to reduce or eliminate differences between the two sets of reporting standards. But existing differences will likely continue for at least the next two years, and, for many accounting topics, differences are likely to last much longer. This article highlights the 20 convergence projects and summarizes the differences between the two sets of standards. In addition, differences in three topics that are not included in the convergence efforts are identified. Differences between IFRS and U.S. GAAP found in actual EU company Form 20-F filings are used to illustrate the impact of the reporting-standard differences
Rice Intensification in a Changing Environment: Impact on Water Availability in Inland Valley Landscapes in Benin
This study assesses the impact of climate change on hydrological processes under rice intensification in three headwater inland valley watersheds characterized by different land conditions. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool was used to simulate the combined impacts of two land use scenarios defined as converting 25% and 75% of lowland savannah into rice cultivation, and two climate scenarios (A1B and B1) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Emissions Scenarios. The simulations were performed based on the traditional and the rainfed-bunded rice cultivation systems and analyzed up to the year 2049 with a special focus on the period of 2030–2049. Compared to land use, climate change impact on hydrological processes was overwhelming at all watersheds. The watersheds with a high portion of cultivated areas are more sensitive to changes in climate resulting in a decrease of water yield of up to 50% (145 mm). Bunded fields cause a rise in surface runoff projected to be up to 28% (18 mm) in their lowlands, while processes were insignificantly affected at the vegetation dominated-watershed. Analyzing three watersheds instead of one as is usually done provides further insight into the natural variability and therefore gives more evidence of possible future processes and management strategie
Ab-initio simulation and experimental validation of beta-titanium alloys
In this progress report we present a new approach to the ab-initio guided
bottom up design of beta-Ti alloys for biomedical applications using a quantum
mechanical simulation method in conjunction with experiments. Parameter-free
density functional theory calculations are used to provide theoretical guidance
in selecting and optimizing Ti-based alloys with respect to three constraints:
(i) the use of non-toxic alloy elements; (ii) the stabilization of the body
centered cubic beta phase at room temperature; (iii) the reduction of the
elastic stiffness compared to existing Ti-based alloys. Following the
theoretical predictions, the alloys of interest are cast and characterized with
respect to their crystallographic structure, microstructure, texture, and
elastic stiffness. Due to the complexity of the ab initio calculations, the
simulations have been focused on a set of binary systems of Ti with two
different high melting bcc metals, namely, Nb and Mo. Various levels of model
approximations to describe mechanical and thermodynamic properties are tested
and critically evaluated. The experiments are conducted both, on some of the
binary alloys and on two more complex engineering alloy variants, namely,
Ti-35wt.%Nb-7wt.%Zr-5wt.%Ta and a Ti-20wt.%Mo-7wt.%Zr-5wt.%Ta.Comment: 23 pages, progress report on ab initio alloy desig
Spectral mixture analysis to assess post-fire vegetation regeneration using Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery: accounting for soil brightness variation
Local Complexity of Delone Sets and Crystallinity
This paper characterizes when a Delone set X is an ideal crystal in terms of
restrictions on the number of its local patches of a given size or on the
hetereogeneity of their distribution. Let N(T) count the number of
translation-inequivalent patches of radius T in X and let M(T) be the minimum
radius such that every closed ball of radius M(T) contains the center of a
patch of every one of these kinds. We show that for each of these functions
there is a `gap in the spectrum' of possible growth rates between being bounded
and having linear growth, and that having linear growth is equivalent to X
being an ideal crystal. Explicitly, for N(T), if R is the covering radius of X
then either N(T) is bounded or N(T) >= T/2R for all T>0. The constant 1/2R in
this bound is best possible in all dimensions. For M(T), either M(T) is bounded
or M(T) >= T/3 for all T>0. Examples show that the constant 1/3 in this bound
cannot be replaced by any number exceeding 1/2. We also show that every
aperiodic Delone set X has M(T) >= c(n)T for all T>0, for a certain constant
c(n) which depends on the dimension n of X and is greater than 1/3 when n > 1.Comment: 26 pages. Uses latexsym and amsfonts package
The Influence of Granulometric Properties and Drying Conditions on the Drying Kinetics of a Nonhygroscopic Material
The influence of granulometric properties of the material and of the operational conditions on the drying kinetics of nonhygroscopic material was studied. Four fraction sizes of dolomite were chosen and dried in four dryers by different heating methods. Dolomite
was dried in a microwave dryer under different microwave heating powers. During convective drying the effects of temperature and superficial air velocity were monitored. Vacuum drying was carried out at different temperatures and pressures. Page’s model has shown to be successful in describing the drying kinetics throughout
the entire drying operation, irrespective of the heating mode.
Heat intensity (θ, Pm), superficial air velocity and particle size had influence on the drying kinetics. The process was facilitated by higher temperatures and superficial air velocity, higher intensity of microwave radiation and bigger particles. Change of pressure
in the vacuum dryer had no significant effect on the drying kinetics under the chosen operating conditions
The covid-19 infodemic and online platforms as intermediary fiduciaries under international law
Reflecting on the covid-19 infodemic, this paper identifies different dimensions of information disorder associated with the pandemic, examines how online platform governance has been evolving in response, and reflects on what the crisis reveals about the relationship between online platforms, international law, and the prospect of regulation. The paper argues that online platforms are intermediary fiduciaries of the international public good, and for this reason regulation should be informed by relevant standards that apply to fiduciary relationships
Efficient Computation of Multiple Density-Based Clustering Hierarchies
HDBSCAN*, a state-of-the-art density-based hierarchical clustering method,
produces a hierarchical organization of clusters in a dataset w.r.t. a
parameter mpts. While the performance of HDBSCAN* is robust w.r.t. mpts in the
sense that a small change in mpts typically leads to only a small or no change
in the clustering structure, choosing a "good" mpts value can be challenging:
depending on the data distribution, a high or low value for mpts may be more
appropriate, and certain data clusters may reveal themselves at different
values of mpts. To explore results for a range of mpts values, however, one has
to run HDBSCAN* for each value in the range independently, which is
computationally inefficient. In this paper, we propose an efficient approach to
compute all HDBSCAN* hierarchies for a range of mpts values by replacing the
graph used by HDBSCAN* with a much smaller graph that is guaranteed to contain
the required information. An extensive experimental evaluation shows that with
our approach one can obtain over one hundred hierarchies for the computational
cost equivalent to running HDBSCAN* about 2 times.Comment: A short version of this paper appears at IEEE ICDM 2017. Corrected
typos. Revised abstrac
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