Superconducting Vortex Lattices for Ultracold Atoms

We propose and analyze a nanoengineered vortex array in a thin-film type-II superconductor as a magnetic lattice for ultracold atoms. This proposal addresses several of the key questions in the development of atomic quantum simulators. By trapping atoms close to the surface, tools of nanofabrication and structuring of lattices on the scale of few tens of nanometers become available with a corresponding benefit in energy scales and temperature requirements. This can be combined with the possibility of magnetic single site addressing and manipulation together with a favorable scaling of superconducting surface-induced decoherence.Comment: Published Version. Manuscript: 5 pages, 3 figures. Supplementary Information: 11 pages, 7 figure

Axion dark matter in a 3-3-1 model

FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL E NÍVEL SUPERIORSlightly extending a right-handed neutrino version of the 3 - 3 - 1 model, we show that it is not only possible to solve the strong CP problem but also to give the total dark matter abundance reported by the Planck collaboration. Specifically, we consider the possibility of introducing a 3 - 3 - 1 scalar singlet to implement a gravity stable Peccei-Quinn mechanism in this model. Remarkably, for allowed regions of the parameter space, the arising axions with masses m(a) approximate to meV can both make up the total dark matter relic density through nonthermal production mechanisms and be very close to the region to be explored by the IAXO helioscope.976112FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL E NÍVEL SUPERIORFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL E NÍVEL SUPERIOR2014/19164-6Sem informaçã

Long-distance transfer and routing of static magnetic fields

We show how the static magnetic field of a finite source can be transferred and routed to arbitrary long distances. This is achieved by using transformation optics, which results in a device made of a material with a highly anisotropic magnetic permeability. We show that a simplified version of the device, made by a superconducting-ferromagnet hybrid, also leads to an excellent transfer of the magnetic field. The latter is demonstrated with a proof-of-principle experiment where a ferromagnet tube coated with a superconductor improves the transfer of static magnetic fields with respect to conventional methods by a 400% factor over distances of 14 cm

High bubble concentrations produced by ultrasounds in binary mixtures

7th Meeting of the European‐Society‐of‐Sonochemistry, BIARRITZ GUETHARY, FRANCE, MAY 14‐18, 2000International audienceIt was discovered that simultaneous insonification and air blowing of different aqueous binary solutions such as water/sodium‐dodecyl‐sulphate (SDS), water/methanol or water/potassium‐sulphate yields a very concentrated bubble cloud invading the whole vessel in a few seconds. After the end of insonification, this cloudiness remained in the solution for about 1 min. The phenomenon was investigated by computer‐treatment of solution pictures recorded every second after the end of insonification. Turbidity appeared to increase with ultrasound power, and also with SDS concentration. During the disappearance of the cloud, a turbidity front appeared rising and spreading upward. This front was studied in the characteristic plane and interpreted as a spatial segregation of different bubble sizes rising with different terminal velocities. The bubble sizes involved were estimated to about 10 mum. Adsorption of surface active species are invoked to explain the cloud formation and its abnormally slow disappearance, but the occurrence of the phenomenon for potassium‐sulphate salt remains unexplained

Asymmetric transfer hydrogenation by synthetic catalysts in cancer cells

Catalytic anticancer metallodrugs active at low doses could minimise side-effects, introduce novel mechanisms of action which combat resistance, and widen the spectrum of anticancer drug activity. We have used new highly-stable chiral half-sandwich organometallic Os(II) arene sulfonyl diamine complexes, [Os(arene)(TsDPEN)] to achieve highly enantioselective reduction of pyruvate, a key intermediate in metabolic pathways, both in aqueous model systems and in human cancer cells, using non-toxic concentrations of sodium formate as a hydride source. Importantly the catalytic mechanism generates selectivity towards ovarian cancer cells versus non-cancerous fibroblasts (both ovarian and lung), which are commonly used as models of healthy proliferating cells. The formate precursor N-formylmethionine was explored as an alternative to formate in PC3 prostate cancer cells, which are known to over-express a deformylase enzyme. Transfer hydrogenation catalysts generating reductive stress in cancer cells offer a ground-breaking new approach to cancer therapy

Enhancing the monitoring of fallen stock at different hierarchical administrative levels: an illustration on dairy cattle from regions with distinct husbandry, demographical and climate traits

Background: The automated collection of non-specific data from livestock, combined with techniques for data mining and time series analyses, facilitates the development of animal health syndromic surveillance (AHSyS). An example of AHSyS approach relates to the monitoring of bovine fallen stock. In order to enhance part of the machinery of a complete syndromic surveillance system, the present work developed a novel approach for modelling in near real time multiple mortality patterns at different hierarchical administrative levels. To illustrate its functionality, this system was applied to mortality data in dairy cattle collected across two Spanish regions with distinct demographical, husbandry, and climate conditions. Results: The process analyzed the patterns of weekly counts of fallen dairy cattle at different hierarchical administrative levels across two regions between Jan-2006 and Dec-2013 and predicted their respective expected counts between Jan-2014 and Jun- 2015. By comparing predicted to observed data, those counts of fallen dairy cattle that exceeded the upper limits of a conventional 95% predicted interval were identified as mortality peaks. This work proposes a dynamic system that combines hierarchical time series and autoregressive integrated moving average models (ARIMA). These ARIMA models also include trend and seasonality for describing profiles of weekly mortality and detecting aberrations at the region, province, and county levels (spatial aggregations). Software that fitted the model parameters was built using the R statistical packages. Conclusions: The work builds a novel tool to monitor fallen stock data for different geographical aggregations and can serve as a means of generating early warning signals of a health problem. This approach can be adapted to other types of animal health data that share similar hierarchical structures.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Bone growth during rapamycin therapy in young rats

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Rapamycin is an effective immunosuppressant widely used to maintain the renal allograft in pediatric patients. Linear growth may be adversely affected in young children since rapamycin has potent anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic properties.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Weanling three week old rats were given rapamycin at 2.5 mg/kg daily by gavage for 2 or 4 weeks and compared to a Control group given equivalent amount of saline. Morphometric measurements and biochemical determinations for serum calcium, phosphate, iPTH, urea nitrogen, creatinine and insulin-growth factor I (IGF-I) were obtained. Histomorphometric analysis of the growth plate cartilage, in-situ hybridization experiments and immunohistochemical studies for various proteins were performed to evaluate for chondrocyte proliferation, chondrocyte differentiation and chondro/osteoclastic resorption.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>At the end of the 2 weeks, body and tibia length measurements were shorter after rapamycin therapy associated with an enlargement of the hypertrophic zone in the growth plate cartilage. There was a decrease in chondrocyte proliferation assessed by <it>histone-4 </it>and <it>mammalian target of rapamycin </it>(<it>mTOR</it>) expression. A reduction in <it>parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone related peptide (PTH/PTHrP) </it>and an increase in <it>Indian hedgehog </it>(<it>Ihh</it>) expression may explain in part, the increase number of hypertrophic chondrocytes. The number of TRAP positive multinucleated chondro/osteoclasts declined in the chondro-osseous junction with a decrease in the <it>receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa β ligand </it>(<it>RANKL</it>) and <it>vascular endothelial growth factor </it>(<it>VEGF</it>) expression. Although body and tibial length remained short after 4 weeks of rapamycin, changes in the expression of chondrocyte proliferation, chondrocyte differentiation and chondro/osteoclastic resorption which were significant after 2 weeks of rapamycin improved at the end of 4 weeks.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>When given to young rats, 2 weeks of rapamycin significantly decreased endochondral bone growth. No catch-up growth was demonstrated at the end of 4 weeks, although markers of chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation improved. Clinical studies need to be done to evaluate these changes in growing children.</p